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A Pauli

Publications and source records attributed to A Pauli.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of sodium-dependent transport systems in LLC-PK1 cells by metabolites of ifosfamide.

Ifosfamide (IF) is an alkylating cytostatic derived from nitrogen mustard. In addition to its well-known urotoxic effects (hemorrhagic cystitis), several cases of Fanconi syndrome following IF therapy have been reported. No information is available concerning the pathomechanisms of this tubulotoxicity. We used the permanent renal epithelial cell line LLC-PK1 in order to investigate whether major metabolites of IF (i.e. 4-OH-IF, acrolein and chloracetyldehyde) induced the transport defects most frequently detected after IF therapy in vivo. LLC-PK1 cells of passages 162-177, grown in plastic culture dishes, were used in a confluent state. Sodium-dependent and independent fluxes of l-[3H]alanine and of D-[3H]glucose were determined by standard techniques. Activities of marker enzymes of apical and basolateral membranes, of mitochondria and of endoplasmic reticulum were determined in cell homogenates. IF itself has no detectable effect on fluxes of l-alanine and D-glucose in LLC-PK1 cells. The IF metabolite 4-OOH-IF induces a clear inhibition of sodium-dependent fluxes of both substrates after a 24-hour exposure of cells to 100 mumol/l of 4-OOH-IF. Chloracetaldehyde induces a biphasic response of sodium-dependent fluxes of l-alanine with increased uptake rates at low concentrations (< 200 mumol/l) and with a short incubation time, while higher concentrations and long exposure of the cells leads to a reduction in sodium coupled transport. Glucose transport is affected in a comparable way, however, in contrast to alanine transport, chloracetaldehyde also stimulates sodium-independent fluxes of glucose. Acrolein is the most toxic substance tested. It severely damages cell monolayers at concentrations beyond 75 mumol/l. Sodium-coupled glucose and alanine transport is inhibited by acrolein at concentrations higher than 50 mumol/l. Sodium-coupled glucose transport is more sensitive to all metabolites tested than alanine transport. While acrolein strongly affects both transport systems, marker enzymes of the apical plasma membrane, i.e. alkaline phosphatase and leucine amino-peptidase, are not significantly inhibited, suggesting a specificity of the toxic effect for the transport proteins. We conclude that LLC-PK1 cells represent a good model for further investigation of the pathogenesis of Fanconi syndrome after IF therapy. Sodium-dependent transport systems are more sensitive to acrolein than other cell surface proteins.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of ifosfamide metabolites on sodium-dependent phosphate transport in a model of proximal tubular cells (LLC-PK1) in culture.

Ifosfamide (IF) is an alkylating cytostatic drug with urotoxic (hemorrhagic cystitis) and nephrotoxic side effects. Several cases of Fanconi syndrome in children following therapy with IF were reported. Little information is available concerning the pathomechanisms of transport inhibition by IF. We used a permanent renal epithelial cell line with proximal tubular characteristics (LLC-PK1) in order to investigate the effects of IF and some of its major metabolites (4-OH-IF, chloracetaldehyde, and acrolein). LLC-PK1 cells were used in a confluent state. Sodium-dependent and sodium-independent fluxes of 32PO4 were determined by standard techniques. Activities of marker enzymes of apical and basolateral membranes, of mitochondria, and of endoplasmic reticulum were determined in cell homogenates. IF induces a moderate stimulation of PO4 transport. 4-OH-IF also has a stimulatory effect on transport at low concentrations (up to 200 mumol/l) and with short incubation (2h), while a 24-hour exposure of cells to 100 mumol/l of 4-OH-IF has an inhibitory effect of PO4 transport. Concentrations of 4-OH-IF which inhibit transport also reduce the activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. Chloracetaldehyde, like 4-OH-IF, induces a biphasic response of PO4 transport with stimulation in the low concentration range (up to 75 mumol/l) and inhibition at higher concentrations. Chloracetaldehyde reduces the activity of succinate-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, suggesting that a defect in ATP generation might play a role in the pathogenesis of Fanconi syndrome induced by IF. Acrolein strongly damages monolayers and reduces sodium-dependent transport of PO4 to very low levels at 150 mumol/l. It reduces the activities of both Na(+)-K+ ATPase and succinate-cytochrome c oxidoreductase. Acrolein also is the only metabolite with a moderate effect on alkaline phosphatase. We conclude that sodium-dependent transport of PO4 is highly sensitive to IF metabolites. In addition to direct toxic effects of IF metabolites on transport proteins within the apical plasma membrane, damage to mitochondrial enzymes and to Na(+)-K+ ATPase which generates the electrochemical gradients for secondary active PO4 transport may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Fanconi syndrome induced by IF.

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