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Biomedical subjects

A Patz

Publications and source records attributed to A Patz.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Choroidal neovascularization as a late complication of ocular toxoplasmosis.

Macular detachment caused by choroidal neovascularization in eyes with previous toxoplasmic infections is one possible explanation of sudden loss of visual acuity. Three patients with quiescent chorioretinal scars, presumed to be toxoplasmic in origin, developed choroidal neovascular membranes that caused sudden loss of visual acuity. In none of the three cases was there any ophthalmoscopic evidence of intraocular inflammation. In two patients, the choroidal neovascularization was subfoveal and, therefore, not suitable for photocoagulation. However, visual acuity in each of the affected eyes was only partially impaired (6/15 [20/50] in one patient and 6/30 [20/100] in the other). In the third patient, the choroidal neovascular membrane was treated with argon-laser photocoagulation. Two months after treatment, visual acuity in that eye was 6/9 (20/30), and there was angiographic evidence that the neovascular membrane had closed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Photocoagulation of retinal, vascular, and macular diseases through intraocular lenses.

A survey of physicians in several retinal centers in this country provided information on more than 500 patients who underwent photocoagulation treatment primarily for retinal, vascular, and macular diseases, and in some instances, for retinal breaks. One hundred forty-two physicians responded to a questionnaire providing a broader experience on this type of photocoagulation. Seventy-eight of the physicians had not performed photocoagulation through an intraocular lens (IOL) and 64 had treated one or more patients. In view of the essentially satisfactory fundus lesions obtained by photocoagulation through IOLs, one can consider this as an acceptable form of treatment recognizing the problem of visualization in certain patients. If photocoagulation is anticipated at some time after the implantation of an IOL, the technique used should permit safe dilatation of the pupil. The special situation for IOLs in patients with diabetes and macular degeneration is discussed.

Aphakia↗
PubMed1981

Long-term follow-up of ocular histoplasmosis treated by argon laser photocoagulation.

Sixty-eight eyes in 67 patients with a histoplasmic neovascular membrane treated with Argon laser photocoagulation between 1972 and 1978 are reviewed. Factors affecting visual outcome and causes of visual failure are discussed. Twenty of 68 eyes (nearly 30%) experienced a recurrent or new SRNVM after initially successful treatment. Final evaluation of Argon laser photocoagulation for histoplasmic neovascular membrane must await the outcome of the Macular Photocoagulation Study.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A corneal micropocket assay for angiogenesis in the rat eye.

A corneal micropocket assay for angiogenesis in the rat eye is described in detail. With our test system, a partially purified, low molecular-weight endothelial cell growth stimulatory factor isolated from the Walker 256 rat carcinosarcoma is demonstrated to have potent angiogenic activity in vivo. The advantages and applications of our rat corneal assay are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The demonstration of angiogenic activity from ocular tissues. Preliminary report.

Human, bovine, and rabbit retinal extracts are shown to be capable of stimulating (1) proliferation and thymidine uptake of bovine vascular endothelial cells in cultures and (2) neovascularization of the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Extracts of skeletal muscle, heart, and liver lack similar stimulatory activity. Vitreous aspirates from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, in a preliminary study, were able to stimulate vascular endothelial cell thymidine uptake. Most vitreous samples from patients without intraocular neovascularization lacked similar stimulatory activity. Indirect evidence suggests the liberation of an angiogenic factor from the retina in several ocular disorders. The data contained in this report represent the first direct evidence of angiogenic activity from mammalian retina.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Demonstration of vasoproliferative activity from mammalian retina.

Vasoproliferative activity has been demonstrated in extracts of retinas from human, bovine, and feline sources. These retinal extracts are capable of stimulating (a) proliferation and thymidine uptake of bovine vascular endothelial cells in culture and (b) neovascularization on the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Extracts of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and liver lack similar stimulatory activity. The activity is nondialyzable, stable at 56 degrees C, and inactivated at 100 degrees C. Retinal extracts stimulate the proliferation of corneal fibroblasts but have no effect on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Indirect evidence suggests the liberation of a vasoproliferative factor from retina in several ocular disorders. The data in this report represent the first direct demonstration of vasoproliferative activity from mammalian retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Optic disc neovascularisation in diabetic retinopathy: I. A system for grading proliferation at the optic nerve head in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

An anatomical taxonomy for neovascular proliferation of the optic nerve head in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy is presented. The technique consists in comparing (A) number of involved quadrants, (B) calibre of vessels, (C) neovascular density, (D) neovascular area, (E) plane of proliferation, and (F) fluorescein angiographic findings. A similar taxonomy is used to describe fibrous tissue proliferation at the disc. With these criteria a series of standard photographs have been utilised in a numerical grading system. This system has proved useful in documenting the natural history and response to photocoagulation therapy for diabetic disc neovascularisation.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗
PubMed1980

Optic disc neovascularisation in diabetic retinopathy: II. Natural history and results of photocoagulation treatment.

A follow-up study on 67 diabetic patients with new proliferation on the nerve head (neovascularisation of the disc and fibrous proliferation of the disc) was carried out for 4 years. The patients were randomly assigned for treatment with argon laser and xenon photocoagulation in only one eye, with the other eye serving as a control. The disc condition was periodically evaluated for NVD, FPD, and for the relations between them according to a grading taxonomy which was previously established. It was found that there were significant differences in NVD and FPD evolution between treated and untreated eyes. The various parameters concerned with these differences were observed, analysed, and correlated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Follow-up study of detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium.

To determine the clinical course of untreated retinal pigment epithelial detachment we reviewed data from 50 eyes of 42 patients followed up for an average of 29 months without photocoagulation. In 14 eyes with avascular lesions, in patients under 50 years of age, all had a final vision of 20/30 or better. None developed neovascularisation or haemorrhage. In 17 eyes with avascular lesions in patients aged over 50, 8 (47%) flattened spontaneously. Five (24%) developed neovascularisation, 2 of which became haemorrhagic, with vision of less than 20/200. In 19 senile eyes with vascular lesions 14 (74%) had a final vision of 20/200 or less. The prognosis in eyes with pigment epithelial detachments is related to the age of the patient and the presence of choroidal neovascularisation. Photocoagulation is seldom needed for pigment epithelial detachments in young patients. Its value in senile eyes is unproved.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Studies on retinal neovascularization. Friedenwald Lecture.

Evidence supporting the original concept of Michaelson and Ashton of a vasoproliferative or angiogenesis factor responsible for retinal neovascularization is discussed. The oxygen model of retinal neovascularization is described as a key example in this evidence. Newer studies on experimental retinal neovascularization and its control are summarized.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Chemical mediators of intraocular neovascularization.

Intraocular neovascularization occurs in several ocular disorders. Evidence from clinical experimental observations suggests that the retina and the vitreous are potential sources of angiogenic stimulators and inhibitors which may play a role in the development of intraocular neonvascularization. We have demonstrated that extracts of adult retina are capable of stimulating vasoproliferation on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and that extracts of adult vitreous inhibit this response. In addition, extracts of adult retina are capable of stimulating vascular endothelial cell proliferation and chemotaxis in vitro. The relationship of these findings to human disease is as yet unknown. However, we have found a good correlation between the presence of retinal, optic disc, and/or iris neovascularization in eyes undergoing therapeutic vitrectomy and the ability of intraocular fluid from these eyes (obtained at the time of surgery) to stimulate vasoproliferation on the CAM As well as thymidine uptake of vascular endothelial cells in culture. Further studies will be necessary to determine the relationship of these different findings to human intraocular neovascularization.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗
PubMed1980

Jonas S. Friedenwald, man of science.

Jonas S. Friedenwald, a quiet and modest person, was one of the most distinguished research scientists of his era. As a brilliant mathematician, physicist and chemist he applied these basic disciplines to his research studies in ophthalmology. His contributions encompassed the entire field of ophthalmic investigation ranging from his classic textbook on ophthalmic pathology to the development of the Friedenwald ophthalmoscope. His pioneer studies on the pathogenesis of glaucoma, the standardization of tonometers, enzyme chemistry, corneal wound healing, and diseases of the retina laid the groundwork for future generations of investigators.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed1979

Retrolental fibroplasia in hypoxic newborn.

A premature infant with hypoxia caused by severe cardiac malformations developed stage IB retrolental fibroplasia, which was documented after death. Despite arterial oxygen partial pressures of 91 mm Hg or less the classical histologic changes were observed in the temporal periphery of each eye.

Cyanosis↗