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Biomedical subjects

A Paton

Publications and source records attributed to A Paton.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Protein expression of the alpha, gamma, delta and epsilon subspecies of protein kinase C changes as C6 glioma cells become contact inhibited and quiescent in the presence of serum.

Total protein kinase C (PKC) activity and protein expression of the alpha and delta subspecies of PKC increases markedly as C6 glioma cells grow from low cell density to the contact-inhibited quiescent state (also known as G(o)) in the presence of serum. At the same time protein expression of PKC subspecies gamma and epsilon decreases while the beta I, beta II, iota and zeta subspecies did not change. Serum deprivation of growing C6 glioma cells does not induce the same changes in PKC subspecies protein expression. The findings support the growing view that there are significant differences between the G(o) states brought about by contact inhibition or serum deprivation.

Blood↗
PubMed1994

Rat brain glial cells in primary culture and subculture contain the delta, epsilon and zeta subspecies of protein kinase C as well as the conventional subspecies.

We raised polyclonal antibodies against the C-terminal peptides of protein kinase C (PkC) subspecies alpha, beta 1, beta 2, gamma, delta, epsilon, and zeta and checked their specificity against brain extracts using Western immunoblot analysis. With equal amounts of protein applied to gels PkC subspecies beta 1, delta, epsilon and zeta were detected in primary cultures of mixed glial cells: bands for the alpha and beta 2 subspecies were less prominent. PkC gamma was not detected in primary glial cultures. The epsilon and zeta subspecies of PkC were detected in subcultures of type 1 astrocytes with weaker bands for the alpha, beta 1 and beta 2 subspecies. Blots of O-2A-lineage glia contained PkCs delta and zeta as prominent bands: the alpha, beta 1 and epsilon subspecies were also present. All PkC subspecies including PkC gamma were detected in C6 glioma cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

The risk of alcohol.

We have reviewed 156 papers which provided sufficient information to relate individual alcohol consumption to risk for a variety of physical damage. Overall, there was evidence for a dose-response relationship between level of alcohol consumption and risk of harm for liver cirrhosis, cancers of the oropharynx, larynx, oesophagus, rectum (beer only), liver and breast, and blood pressure and stroke. An increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy and sudden coronary death was associated with heavy drinking. There was evidence for a protective effect of alcohol consumption against risk of coronary heart disease, which could be achieved at consumption levels of less than 10 g alcohol a day. The mortality of non-drinkers was higher than that of moderate drinkers in some studies. Level of alcohol consumption and total mortality were dose-related when non-drinkers were excluded. The finding of a dose-relationship between alcohol and harm suggested causality. It was not possible to define individual risk for all harms at a given level of alcohol consumption because of variations in methodology, but some idea of the order of magnitude of the increased risk can be obtained from calculating trends of pooled log-odds ratios. At levels of alcohol consumption of more than 20-30 g a day, all individuals are likely to accumulate risk of harm. Current guidelines on upper limits of lower risk drinking in different countries (168-280 g of alcohol a week for men and 84-140 g a week for women) reflect levels at which the risk of total mortality is not greatly increased above one.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1993

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: a case history.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rarely reported demyelinating condition of the central nervous system, usually affecting children and young adults. The case of a 23-year-old woman diagnosed as suffering from ADEM is presented. Details are given of her assessment and attempted rehabilitation with particular reference to speech and language. Differentiation of ADEM from multiple sclerosis (MS) is problematic and may be clarified by examination of the pathological effects of the disease processes on speech and language. A general review of the scant literature is included and findings in this patient are compared and contrasted to them.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

A toast to the BMJ.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1989

Alcohol misuse and the hospital doctor.

Alcohol misuse among patients attending hospital is common but frequently undetected. Hospital doctors need to take a proper alcohol history in every patient and to recognize symptoms that may result from excessive drinking. Appropriate advice about sensible levels of drinking could then have a beneficial impact on the incidence of alcohol problems.

Alcoholism↗