Cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) and CT findings of two sisters affected by clinically defined tuberous sclerosis are reported. Magnetic resonance showed a greater number of lesions than did CT. In addition, MR depiction of the abnormalities better corresponded to the pathological findings usually described in this disease.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The rectus-adductor syndrome. The nosographic picture and treatment criteria].

The authors present a detailed study on the rectum-adductor syndrome, describing etiopathogenesis, physiotherapy, medical clinical and surgical treatment. They point out the importance of a wide knowledge of this syndrome commonly occurring to football players but occasionally found in players of other sports.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Problems and perspectives of diagnostic imaging: the pineal region.

In 1970 the state of the art in neuroradiological diagnosis was considered satisfactory enough, if not almost perfect, by the people working in this field. But when a few years later Computerized Tomography appeared, a new impressive standard in neuroradiological resolution was achieved, moreover with a non-invasive method. In the '80 further improvement was brought by several striking new diagnostic technologies, such as Magnetic Resonance, Positron Emission Tomography and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography which allow the physician to achieve a new standard in non-invasive high resolution neuro-imaging which was simply unbelievable a few years ago. A new era is now beginning in the neuro-radiological sciences in which the new techniques surely allow the diagnosis towards disease previously escaping the neuro-radiological observation.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The vascular territories in the cerebellum and brainstem: CT and MR study.

More than 100 CT and 15 MR studies of infarcts in the cerebellum and brainstem were reviewed to define the most typical distribution of infarcts in the different vascular territories. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery and anterior inferior cerebellar artery territories are variable in size and are in a sort of equilibrium with each other. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory in transverse sections reveals a characteristic posterior crescent caused by its cranial posterior extension. The anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory may be limited to the lateral inferior pontine and floccular regions but usually extends over the whole petrosal surface of the cerebellum up to the lateral angle. Superior cerebellar artery territory is the most extensive territory and includes the largest part of the deep white matter. Infarcts in a single-branch distribution, vermian or hemispheric, have a characteristic sagittal or oblique orientation. Watershed cerebellar infarcts can also be recognized. In the brainstem, paramedian, lateral, and dorsal penetrating arteries have characteristic distributions at the medullary, pontine, and mesencephalic levels. With MR, lateral medullary infarcts can be demonstrated. Paramedian penetrating arteries are paired, and symmetric and small infarcts at medullary and pontine levels are sharply delimited on the midline. At the mesencephalic level, infarcts in this distribution usually involve all the arteries originating from the tip of the basilar artery and from the precommunicating segment of the posterior cerebral arteries, resulting in a central mesencephalic infarct with bilateral upward extension in the thalami. The different vascular territories in the cerebellum and in the brainstem are illustrated in schematic drawings in transverse, coronal, and sagittal planes. Knowledge of the vascular territories gained by the multiplanar capabilities of MR, and knowledge of the CT patterns of enhancement and evolution, will improve recognition and definition of infarcts.

Brain Stem↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cerebral venous thrombosis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of olivopontocerebellar degeneration.

Computed tomographic (CT) studies of 17 cases of olivopontocerebellar degeneration are reported. In all cases, atrophy of brainstem and cerebellum was found. Atrophy of the cerebellar hemispheres was equal to, or more marked than, atrophy of the vermis. Dilatation of lateral ventricles and cerebral sulci was often present. These findings, which are in agreement with the pathologic data, are compared with those reported in other cerebellar atrophic processes. Knowledge of the distribution of the atrophic changes is essential in attempting a differential diagnosis among the degenerative diseases involving the posterior fossa nervous structures.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Three-dimensional neuroanatomic images in CT-guided stereotaxic neurosurgery.

A technique is described for three-dimensional reconstruction of human diencephalic structures based on information contained in a widely used stereotaxic brain atlas. Various methods of graphically representing the obtained diencephalic volumes are discussed and examples are given. The anatomic information contained in the computerized atlas can be implemented with computed tomography performed under stereotaxic conditions. Volume data provided by the tomograms are used for three-dimensional "stretching" of the volumes presented in the atlas. Improved accuracy in identifying "invisible" diencephalic targets in functional stereotaxic neurosurgery is expected to result from this new technique.

Brain↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cavernous hemangiomas of the orbit: value of CT, angiography, and phlebography.

Neuroradiologic studies performed in 18 cases of surgically verified intraorbital cavernous hemangioma are reported. Skull films usually showed enlargement of the orbit and evidence of soft-tissue mass. Phlebography rarely demonstrated filling of the cavernous hemangioma or enlarged draining veins. On angiography, in addition to displacement of vessels, pooling of contrast medium in the cavities of the hemangioma was observed in more than half the cases. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a rounded, hyperdense, enhancing lesion usually in the superior segment of the intraconal space. Although CT may be sufficient for planning the surgical approach, in most cases a combination of CT and angiography will give better, more specific preoperative diagnosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intracranial cavernous hemangiomas: neuroradiologic review of 36 operated cases.

Neuroradiologic studies in 36 cases of histologically verified intracranial cavernous hemangiomas were reviewed. Radionuclide brain scans were positive in 17 of 19 examinations. Angiography, performed in 35 cases, usually showed an avascular area with absent or moderate mass effect. Capillary blush and/or early draining veins, often mentioned in single case reports, were observed in only seven cases. Computed tomography (18 cases) usually demonstrated a hyperdense, nodular, or irregular lesion without significant mass effect and always enhancing after contrast injection. The combination of a long clinical history of focal epilepsy with computed tomographic and angiographic findings should suggest the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma. In all cases of so-called spontaneous hematoma with negative angiography, computed tomography should be repeated after a long interval to exclude the presence of a cavernous hemangioma or other cryptic vascular malformation.

Adolescent↗