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Biomedical subjects

A Parving

Publications and source records attributed to A Parving.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Inherited low-frequency hearing loss. A new mixed conductive/sensorineural entity?

Eighteen patients with low-frequency hearing loss ( LFHL ), 10 males and 8 females with an average age of 27 years, were examined in order to classify their hearing loss, i.e. to find the topical site of the hearing lesion and to evaluate the aetiology of the hearing disorder. Based on extensive audiological test procedures, the patients could be subdivided into two groups: Group A comprising 11 patients with true sensorineural hearing impairment caused by various well-known aetiologies, and group B comprising 7 patients in whom no classification of the LFHL could be made because of conflicting test results. In group B, family investigations demonstrated that the hearing loss could be ascribed to inheritance in 6 of the patients. The clinical findings and outcome of the audiological tests are discussed and, on the basis of this and a comparison with other rare entities, a hypothesis of a new, unrecognized entity within LFHL is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiology of hearing loss and aetiological diagnosis of hearing impairment in childhood.

A total of 117 children, 55 girls and 62 boys with a median age of 8 years, range 2-12 years, was retrospectively evaluated in consideration of: (1) the prevalence rate and characteristics of permanent hearing loss (defined as the average of 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz greater than or equal to 35 dB HL on the better hearing ear); (2) the aetiology of the hearing impairment; (3) the basis for the aetiological diagnosis in the individual child, and (4) the value of non-audiological investigations. The overall prevalence of permanent hearing loss was 1.4% in this geographical area (children with recurrent episodes of serous otitis media are excluded). In 91% (106/117) the hearing loss was sensorineural, in 4% (5/117) conductive and in 5% (6/117) mixed conductive/sensorineural. In 63% (74/117) the hearing loss had been confirmed and assessed at the age of 3 years, while in 31% (37/117) the hearing loss was ascertained after the age of 3 years. 85% (99/117) were considered to suffer from congenital/early acquired hearing loss. The aetiology of hearing impairment could be assessed in 73% (85/117) of the children, while 27% (32/117) were diagnosed as 'unknown aetiology'. In 48% (56/117) combined audiological/non-audiological investigations had been performed, resulting in a known aetiology in 86% (48/56). In 52% (61/117) only audiological examination had been performed, resulting in a known aetiology of 61% (37/61). A significant difference (P less than 0.005) in known aetiology between these two groups is present, indicating that additional non-audiological evaluation is of decisive importance in the aetiological assessment of hearing impairment. Based on the present and previous investigations, a routine examination programme is proposed directed towards a systematic evaluation of the symptom of hearing loss and its aetiology with due caution to the individual child. The evaluation should be based on a combination of audiological/non-audiological examinations, which includes a broad interdisciplinary cooperation that preferably should be performed at diagnostic assessment centers.

Child↗
PubMed1983

On objective criteria for hearing impairment and hearing disability.

The relationship between subjective symptoms of hearing disorder and objective criteria of hearing impairment and hearing disability was examined in a group of 77 male subjects (median age 57 years, range 49-68) suffering from noise-induced permanent hearing loss. Among all subjects, 52% (40/77) reported having a general impression of subjective hearing disability. The average of pure-tone auditory thresholds at 0.5 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 kHz greater than or equal to 20 dB HL used as an objective criterion for hearing impairment and hearing disability appeared to be the more sensitive and reliable of the various criteria used. Based on the definition of hearing handicap, it is suggested that more sophisticated testing than pure-tone auditory thresholds should be taken into account when approving or disapproving hearing disability as a hearing handicap.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiology of hearing impairment in male adult subjects at 49-69 years of age.

As part of a cross-sectional prevalence study aimed towards elucidation of the relationship between physical fitness and coronary heart disease, information concerning the hearing ability and hearing disorders was included into postal questionnaires. These were distributed to 5 050 male subjects at a median age of 53 years, range 45-65 years, and employed in public and private Copenhagen companies. A random sample of subjects was drawn from the respondents and subjected to audiological examination (N = 206). The prevalence of hearing impairment, based on the criterion of an audiometric pure-tone threshold averaged over 500, 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 Hz greater than or equal to 25 dB HL, is 35 +/- 5%, which compares fairly well with the number of 44 +/- 7% complaining of subjective hearing impairment. Only 16 +/- 5% had normal hearing sensitivity, and 38 +/- 7% had permanent, noise-induced hearing impairment. The prevalence and characteristics of hearing impairment are compared with a recent English epidemiological investigation using an identical average of pure-tone thresholds as criterion for hearing impairment. Furthermore, the present results are considered in view of different criteria for hearing impairment and their relation to subjective complaints of reduced hearing ability. Based on the anamnesis, the pure-tone audiometric data and additional tests used for topical diagnostic purposes, the prevalence of various aetiologies of hearing impairment is indicated for the male age group in question.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

High-pass masking in the classification of low-frequency hearing loss.

Invalid BC determinations may be responsible for many diagnostic misinterpretations in the classification of low-frequency hearing losses. To reduce the influence from harmonic distortion, BC thresholds are determined during simultaneous, ipsilateral HP masking and composed with the conventionally obtained BC thresholds. Based on normative data a change of greater than or equal to 10 dB HL caused by HP masking is used as the criterion for judging the validity of the conventional BC testing. In 55% (11/20) of ears with low-frequency hearing loss, a decrease in air-bone gap was obtained with HP masking, and it is concluded that HP masking is of clinical significance for the diagnosis in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Auditory electrophysiology: findings in multiple sclerosis.

15 patients suffering from definite multiple sclerosis were studied by electrocochleography (ECochG) and brain stem electric responses (BSER), including objective analysis of the electrophysiological data. In 7 patients, both ECochG and BSER were performed, in 2 only ECochG and in 6 only BSER. Systematic deviations from normative values were found in all 9 patients tested by ECochG, but the deviations occurred only at 75 dB pe SPL or below. Despite normal or near-normal audiometric thresholds, the cochleae seemed to be involved. At click intensities of 95 dB pe SPL or higher, the BSER revealed a normal AP-V (Jewett) interval in all 13 patients tested. However, a deviant configuration of the BSER following the wave V complex was found in 6 of the 13 patients. The deviation is described as a dominant, relatively low-frequency component of the response. The discrepancies between these results and those reported in the literature indicate a strong need for applying methods that compensate for peripheral hearing dysfunctions and objective methods of analysis to identify and evaluate the various components of the evoked potentials.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

ECochG and psychoacoustic tests compared in identification of hearing loss in young children.

Among 149 children (median age 23 months, range 2-123 months) examined by ECochG, a comparison was made between pure-tone and ECochG thresholds in 53 patients. By using linear regression analysis a high correlation was found (correlation coefficient 0.92, p less than 0.0005) proving that ECochG gives valid estimates of the hearing thresholds, also in small children. A comparison between behavioral observation audiometry (BOA) and ECochG thresholds was performed in 62 children. It was concluded that BOA exhibits poor sensitivity in the assessment of hearing losses and underestimates their degree of severity. Furthermore, when BOA diagnoses normal hearing, there is a 9% risk of depriving a "deaf' child of suitable treatment.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1981

Slow cortical responses and the diagnosis of central hearing loss in infants and young children.

To evaluate the usefulness of slow cortical responses (ERA) for threshold estimation in infants and young children, 83 children were investigated with combinations of pure-tone audiometry, electrocochleography (ECochG) and ERA. The deviations between ECochG/ and ERA thresholds were correlated to brain function in order to diagnose central hearing losses. By comparing corresponding values of 2 kHz pure-tone and ERA thresholds, 32% (10/31) errors were found, mainly below 35 dB HL. In a group of patients with no sign of brain disorder, an overall error rate of 37% (20/53) was found. Below 35 dB HL, 72% (11/15) errors were found. In a group of patients with brain dysfunction, the overall rate was 70% (21/30), below 35 dB HL it was 84% (21/25). In the range below 35 dB HL, no significant difference (p greater than 0.05) in errors was found between the groups with and without brain disorders. It is concluded that ERA is unreliable for the estimation of moderate hearing losses and cannot per se detect a central hearing dysfunction. Elevated ERA thresholds may indicate a central hearing loss, but to establish this topical diagnosis, ECochG and neuropsychological examinations are necessary.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1980

Middle components of the auditory evoked response in bilateral temporal lobe lesions. Report on a patient with auditory agnosia.

An investigation of the middle components of the auditory evoked response (10--50 msec post-stimulus) in a patient with auditory agnosia is reported. Bilateral temporal lobe infarctions were proved by means of brain scintigraphy, CAT scanning, and regional cerebral blood flow measurements. The middle components were found to be normal regarding latency (pa approximately 30 msec) and configuration of the recordings, when evaluated relative to the peripheral hearing loss in the patient and to the corresponding normative template. Based upon the combined procedures, it is concluded that the middle components cannot be generated exclusively, if at all, in the primary auditory cortex, located in the temporal lobe. Furthermore, the responses are found to be of neurogenic origin according to the methodological procedure applied.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Progressive hearing loss in Goldenhar's syndrome.

A family with Goldenhar's syndrome is presented. The pattern of inheritance is autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance. The mutant gene in question has variable phenotypic expressivity. Evidence of progressive hearing loss is reported. Congenital facial palsy is suggested to be a part of the syndrome.

Facial Paralysis↗
PubMed1977

Aniridia, cataract and gonadoblastoma in a mentally retarded girl with deletion of chromosome II. A clinicopathological case report.

A case of bilateral aniridia, cataract and mental deficiency is described in a girl with an interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 11. The child died of pneumonia and on autopsy bilateral gonadoblastoma was detected, but no Wilms' tumour. Partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 11 seems to be a clinically recognizable syndrome with aniridia, cataract and renal, gonadal or genital dysmorphogenesis.

Cataract↗