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Biomedical subjects

A Papageorgiou

Publications and source records attributed to A Papageorgiou.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Increased peripheral blood normal myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a perspective for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

We assayed granulocyte-macrophage committed progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in the peripheral blood of 34 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 12 normal individuals. The patients were divided into separate groups on the basis of previous therapy (i.e. analysis performed at diagnosis, during and after chemotherapy) and clinical features of the disease (i.e. disease stage, pattern of bone marrow infiltration, peripheral blood lymphocytosis). The mean CFU-GM colony count of the patients was 30 times higher than that of the controls (206.4 +/- 197.8 (SD) CFU-GM per 5 x 10(5) cells plated versus 6.5 +/- 3.6). There was no statistical difference in the numbers of circulating CFU-GM between the patients studied at diagnosis (257 +/- 215.4 CFU-GM/5 x 10(5) cells) and those studied during (117.6 +/- 169.2 CFU-GM/5 x 10(5) cells) or after chemotherapy (207.5 +/- 105.9 CFU-GM/5 x 10(5) cells), although a trend towards a higher recovery of myeloid progenitors was observed as a function of time elapsing from the last treatment. In addition, we found no significant difference in the in vitro CFU-GM growth of patients grouped according to their disease stage, pattern of bone marrow infiltration and degree of peripheral blood lymphocytosis. In conclusion, our data indicate that intensification with peripheral blood stem cell support may be feasible in CLL, since progenitor cells of myeloid-monocytic series are markedly increased in the peripheral blood of these patients. Moreover, it is possible to extend this kind of therapy to patients who have undergone previous extensive chemotherapy and who might have persisting bone marrow infiltration.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Stomach carcinoid associated with chronic atrophic corpus gastritis in pernicious anemia].

A 41-year-old woman with a chronic atrophic gastritis after endoscopic investigation diagnosed a carcinoid at the corpus of the stomach. There were more lesions in the mucosa of the stomach in the form of dysplasias. The labor investigation indicated an hypergastrinaemia. We performed a resection of the basis of the carcinoid. It has shown to be histologically tumor-free as the rest of the stomach. A gastrectomy was not necessary. After resection the patient was under therapy with vitamin B-12. The level of gastrin in blood was normal under this treatment. Two years later the patient remained symptom-free. Regular endoscopic investigations show a stagnation of the growth of the dysplastic lesions of the mucosa of the stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Maternal cocaine use without evidence of fetal exposure.

We report a case of lack of fetal exposure to cocaine and benzoylecgonine as evidenced by meconium and hair analysis, but exposure to nicotine and its metabolite cotinine, after extensive maternal use of cocaine and nicotine. These data suggest that the mode of maternal use of cocaine and individual differences in placental handling of the drug may protect some fetuses, and highlight the need to address interpatient variability.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Sarcoidosis of the large intestine].

A 68-years old female patient suffering over a period of several weeks from fatigue, weight loss, recurrent diarrheas and mild fever was admitted in our clinic. A few months ago, sarcoidosis of a cervical lymph node had been diagnosed and had been treated with steroids. During the present admission, the extensive study of the gastrointestinal system revealed a tumor of the ascending colon, obstructing the lumen. The patient was subjected to laparotomy due to persistent symptomatology of intestinal obstruction. A right hemicolectomy was performed. The pathological findings were persistent with sarcoidosis of the large bowel. Post-operatively, the patient has been symptom-free over a period of more than one year.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Structure--anticancer and structure--genetic activity relationships of homo-aza-steroidal esters of N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminocinnamic acid isomers.

Four steroidal lactams of the A- and D-rings were used for the esterification in the C-3 or C-17 positions, respectively, of their nuclei with the N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminocinnamic acid isomers. The condensation reaction of the hydroxylic group of the steroidal lactams with each mustard was effected in dichloromethane in the presence of the catalyst p-dimethylaminopyridine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as dehydrating agent. The esters were obtained in pure form after column chromatography, and their structures were verified and confirmed by analytical methods (IR and UV spectra). The 12 esters were tested in vivo against P388, L1210 leukemias, Ehrlich ascites tumor, and melanoma B16. The esters 3 alpha-hydroxy-13 alpha-amino-13,17-seco-5 alpha-androstan-17- oic-13,17-lactam-o,m,p-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminocinnamates, in which the alkylating agents are linked to the modified steroid in the axial position, are inactive in the above experimental animal tumor systems. The effect of the homo-aza-steroidal esters of N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminocinnamic acid isomers on the incorporation of radioactive precursors into DNA, RNA, and proteins of L1210, P388 leukemias, Ehrlich ascites tumor, and baby hamster kidney cells was investigated. Higher inhibitory effects on the incorporation of the radioactive precursors was obtained with the ortho-derivatives, yielding > 40% inhibition of thymidine incorporation in all tumor lines tested. The effect of four esters in which the m- N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminocinnamic acid is linked to the modified steroids on sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocyte culture was investigated.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1993

Utilization of non-protein nitrogen in whey-dominant formulae by low-birthweight infants.

1. The effects of increasing non-protein nitrogen intake on nitrogen balance and alpha-amino nitrogen flux rate using [15N]glycine were examined in 30 low-birthweight appropriate-for-gestational-age infants (birthweight 1.5-2.0 kg). The compositions of the three whey-dominant formulae were similar except for the ratios of non-protein nitrogen/protein nitrogen, which were 6.5:93.5, 11.4:88.6 and 17.5:82.5. 2. Infants in the three diet groups each received similar total nitrogen intakes (395 mg of N day-1 kg-1, SD 2.6; n = 3). Protein nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen intakes were different as expected. Energy absorption (449 kJ day-1 kg-1, SD 13; n = 3) did not differ significantly between groups. A similar weight gain was observed in all groups. 3. Nitrogen absorption (76%, SD 4; n = 3) was not significantly different between groups. Apparent urea balance was significantly increased and became positive in the group receiving the formula with the higher proportion of non-protein nitrogen and urea nitrogen. Nitrogen retention, however, was significantly depressed in this group, indicating decreased efficiency of nitrogen utilization at this level of non-protein nitrogen despite an enhanced urea salvage. 4. The enrichment of the 15N label in urinary urea at isotopic steady state was significantly reduced in infants receiving the highest urea-containing formula, presumably due to the dilution of 15N-labelled urea by dietary urea. No difference, however, was found in the enrichment of the 15N label in urinary ammonia. Rates of alpha-amino nitrogen flux, protein synthesis and protein breakdown calculated from the ammonia labelling did not differ significantly between groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Caseins↗
PubMed1993

Spectrum of oxygen dependency in surviving infants weighing 600 to 1000 grams: decreased incidence of severe chronic lung disease.

Incidence and factors predisposing to chronic lung disease (CLD) were studied in a group of 110 infants still alive at the age of 1 year (69.2%) of an initial group of 159 infants born with a birthweight between 600 and 1000 gm from 1983 to 1988. Low peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), high initial ventilatory rates, slow weaning from respirator and partial arterial oxygen pressure and carbon dioxide pressure values in the range of 40 to 55 torr were used. Oxygen dependency had a bimodal distribution with a high number of infants needing oxygen supplement on day 1 (75.9%) and on day 28 (69.1%) compared with 40.3% on day 7, and 37.7% by 8 weeks. When postconceptional age was taken into consideration, 27% of the infants received oxygen supplement at 36 weeks, 10% at 40 weeks, and 3.6% at 44 weeks. Predisposing factors for oxygen dependency at 28 days were low gestational age, respiratory distress syndrome, intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), air leak, patent ductus arteriosus and oxygen need at 3 and 7 days of life. Conversely, intrauterine growth retardation was found to be the best factor protecting against CLD. Only 7.6% of infants with a gestational age of 30 weeks or more were still oxygen dependent at 36 weeks postconception versus 38.7% and 28% in the group of 24 to 25 weeks and 26 to 27 weeks, respectively. Of the infants 78.1% were intubated and required IPPV; 44.1% were weaned by 4 weeks, 82.5% by 8 weeks, 93% by 12 weeks, and 100% by 15 weeks of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1992

Effects of phenobarbital on cerebral blood flow in the newborn piglet.

To determine the neonatal cerebrovascular effect of a therapeutic dose and a high dose of phenobarbital (Pb), the effect of Pb on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and total brain oxygen consumption (CMRO2) was studied in three groups of awake newborn piglets (aged 1-3.5 days). Group I (control n = 9) received normal saline solution, group II (n = 9) received a therapeutic dose of Pb (15 mg/kg i.v.) and group III (n = 9) received a high Pb dose (45 mg/kg i.v.). Four CBF measurements per piglet using radioactive microspheres (141Ce, 85Cr, 95Nb, 46Sc), arterial blood gases, O2 content, hematocrit and plasma glucose were obtained at 0, 15, 30, 60 min after saline or Pb injections. In all groups, pH, PaO2, PaCO2, blood pressure, heart rate, temperature and plasma glucose remained unchanged except a 14% decrease (p < 0.01) in blood pressure and an increase (p < 0.05) in PaCO2, 60 min after drug injection in groups II and III. Total CBF in group II decreased by 14% (p < 0.05) 15 min after drug injection and was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than control (group I) but returned to baseline after 30 min. High Pb dose progressively lowered CBF by 11% 15 min after drug injection and produced a significant decrease by 20% (p < 0.01) 30 min after drug injection with return to baseline after 60 min. Similar effects were noted in different brain regions (cerebrum and thalamus). CMRO2 remained unchanged in the control group; however, it was decreased by 35% (< 0.01 p > 0.05) 15 min after drug injection and returned to baseline after 60 min. In group III, high Pb dose lowered CMRO2 by 31% 30 min (p = 0.02) after drug injection. Data indicate that Pb exerts a minimal but transient dose-dependent effect on CBF and CMRO2.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Microleakage in the sandwich technique.

This study assessed the microleakage and if it was possible to reproduce the success that is seen in the oral cavity with properly placed "sandwich" restorations. Simulated Class V erosion lesions were prepared in extracted human molar teeth and restored using a Type III glass ionomer lining cement mixed mechanically at a high powder:liquid ratio of 3:1 or greater with resin composite laminated to it leaving cement exposed at the gingival margin. To update the technique for modern materials a dual cure glass ionomer lining cement was placed in a second series with resin composite laminated to it completely covering the gingival margin. The restorations were stored in water for two weeks before temperature cycled and immersed in dye. The results showed minimal leakage relative to most other published studies and that most leakage was related to the setting shrinkage of the resin composite.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1992

Erythromycin accelerates delayed gastric emptying of solids in patients after truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To find out if erythromycin (a motilin agonist) accelerated gastric emptying after vagotomy and in normal subjects. DESIGN: Double blind controlled study. SETTING: Two referral centres. SUBJECTS: 15 patients who had previously undergone vagotomy and who did (n = 8) or did not (n = 7) have symptoms of gastric stasis and 10 normal controls. INTERVENTIONS: A standard meal containing 185 x 10(5) Bq -99mTc was eaten after either erythromycin 200 mg or 40 ml placebo (normal saline) had been given intravenously. Subjects were then scanned by gamma camera. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurement of: the length of time from completion of the meal to the onset of gastric emptying; the length of time from completion of the meal until half of the meal had left the stomach; the length of the time from the onset of gastric emptying until half of the meal had left the stomach; and the percentage of the meal that was left in the stomach at 60 and 120 min after the end of the meal. RESULTS: Gastric emptying was significantly delayed in those patients with symptoms compared with normal subjects and patients without symptoms. Erythromycin accelerated the first two phases of gastric emptying in all patients and normal subjects, but did not affect the length of time from the onset of gastric emptying until half the meal had left the stomach. CONCLUSION: Erythromycin could be a useful gastrokinetic agent in patients with symptoms of gastric stasis after vagotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Doxapram metabolism in human fetal hepatic organ culture.

The biotransformation of doxapram, a respiratory stimulant was studied with use of explants from human fetal livers (n = 15 fetuses) obtained from therapeutic abortions (gestational age, 10 to 20 weeks). Explants were cultured in Leibowitz medium and the media from cultured samples were collected before and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after incubation with 2.5, 5.0, and 10 micrograms/ml doxapram. The concentrations of doxapram and its metabolites (AHR 0914, an analog of doxapram, AHR 5955 or ketodoxapram, and AHR 5904) were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. Explant histopathology and alkaline phosphatase activity showed no direct toxic effects of the drug on liver tissue. The fastest rate of doxapram metabolism occurred during the first 3 hours of incubation (198 +/- 73.3, 438 +/- 63.3, and 538 +/- 62 ng/mg/hr liver protein at doxapram concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 micrograms/ml, respectively). At 3 hours of incubation, the amount of doxapram metabolized (nanogram per milligram of liver protein) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) at doxapram concentrations of 10.0 (1616 +/- 186) and 5.0 microgram/ml (1315 +/- 190) than at 2.5 micrograms/ml (594 +/- 220). The oxidative pathway producing keto-doxapram, or AHR 5955 and AHR 5904, is more active than the de-ethylation producing the analog of doxapram AHR 0914. Data indicate substantial metabolism of doxapram by the human fetal lives.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed1991

Gastrointestinal absorption of doxapram in neonates.

Doxapram was administered orally to six premature babies (3 males, 3 females) with refractory apnea at a mean gestational age of 29 +/- 2.3 weeks, mean birthweight of 1142 +/- 359 gm and a mean postnatal age of 24 days. They received 12, 24, and 36 mg/kg/6 hr on day 1, 2, and 3, respectively, assuming a bioavailability of 50%. Serial plasma doxapram concentrations, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, increased with incremental doses. The drug underwent oxidative metabolism, producing ketodoxapram, the plasma concentration of which remained stable during treatment. The ratio of plasma concentrations to oral doses ranged from 0.10 to 0.12, suggesting that doxapram is poorly absorbed in the newborn. Oral doxapram may replace the intravenous infusion but doses may have to be increased to, but not exceeding, 24 mg/kg/6 hr to achieve therapeutic plasma concentrations. Interpatient variability, poor absorption and gastrointestinal adverse effects caution against the routine use of oral doxapram.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

The influence of birth setting on the father's behavior toward his partner and infant.

As part of a controlled, clinical trial conducted to compare medical and psychological outcomes of a birth room and a conventional hospital setting, we examined the behavior of fathers toward their partners and infants. One hundred fourteen couples were systematically assigned to either locale by strict alternation. They learned about this allocation on arrival at the hospital in labor. Observations of fathers' behavior were made at midlabor and during home visits at three months and one year. During labor, fathers assigned to the conventional setting were more involved in helping and encouraging their partners. Parenting behavior was not influenced by the birth setting. Unexpectedly, fathers were more involved with their infants when the mothers had expressed less satisfaction with childbirth. Compensation behavior may explain these results, which can be seen as appropriately adaptive in the face of perceived environmental deficiencies affecting the laboring woman and the infant.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Hydatid disease of the liver. Diagnosis and surgical treatment.

A series of 155 cases of hepatic hydatid disease, occurring in 121 patients, were operated on at the Naval and Veterans Hospital of Athens. Ultrasonography and computerized axial tomography provided the preoperative diagnosis in 89 and 93 percent of the cases respectively in recent years. Thirty one percent of the cases presented with complications, the commonest of these being infection of the cyst (10 percent) and rupture of the cyst into the bile ducts (17 percent). Total cystectomy was performed in three cases and removal of the endocyst with its content in the remaining 152. The remaining cavity was either externally drained (57 cases), or filled with omentum (omentoplasty--95 cases). External fistula and infection of the residual cavity occurred in 32 and 56 percent after simple drainage and in 4 and 2 percent respectively after omentoplasty. Differences are statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Hospitalization was also significantly longer after drainage than after omentoplasty (p less than 0.01). Obstructive jaundice after intrabiliary rupture of the cyst was more successfully managed after additional choledochoduodenostomy than after simple drainage of the common bile duct. Intrapericoneal recurrence of hydatid disease occurred in two cases. The conclusion of the present study is, that ultrasonography and computerized axial tomography provide an acceptable rate in the diagnosis and that omentoplasty offers a very low complication rate in the management of hydatid cystic disease of the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A comparison of the sequences of segment A of four infectious bursal disease virus strains and identification of a variable region in VP2.

The nucleotide sequences of the large open reading frame (ORF) from segment A of three European strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) have been determined using cDNA clones. This ORF of 3036 nucleotides encodes the virion proteins as a polyprotein in the following order: VP2, VP4, VP3. The nucleotide sequences determined have been compared to each other and to the published sequence of an Australian strain. The four strains are closely related, the greatest difference between two strains being 7.7% at the nucleotide level and 2.7% at the amino acid level. Comparisons show that there is a tight cluster of amino acid changes in the virion protein VP2. This variable region corresponded to the region where binding of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody has previously been mapped. A region in the centre of the segment, corresponding to the N terminal of VP4, was found to be completely conserved. Amino acid changes were spread fairly evenly through VP3 and there was no indication of a variable region as found in VP2.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Chemical synthesis and characteristics of a hybrid phage T5-lac promoter.

A new P1O1R9 inducible promoter (where P1 is a promoter sequence analogous to that of the phage T5 early promoter; O1 is lac-operator; and R9 is a ribosome binding site) was synthesized. We studied the efficiency of this promoter in controlling and inducible gene expression using two model genes: human calcitonin tetrameric (hCT[4]) and human interferon alpha 1 (hIFN alpha 1). The synthetic lac-operator O1 was found to repress P1 activity in media free of lac-operon inducers which was derepressed in the presence of IPTG. The levels of expression of both genes (evaluated by quantitating mRNA and protein) in the presence of lac-inducers were close to those obtained with the P1R9 constitutive promoter.

Base Sequence↗