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Biomedical subjects

A Paolini

Publications and source records attributed to A Paolini.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of phenobarbital pretreatment on the metabolism and antitumor activity of hexamethylmelamine.

The effect of phenobarbital (PB) pretreatment on the N-demethylation and antitumor activity of hexamethylmelamine (HMM) was investigated in mice. In mice pretreated with PB, the levels of HMM in plasma, liver, and M5076 tumor were much lower than in mice treated with HMM alone. Plasma area under the curve (AUC) values were 15 +/- 4 versus 37 +/- 28 micrograms/ml X min, liver AUC values were 43 +/- 13 versus 246 +/- 5 micrograms/g X min, and tumor AUC values were 37 +/- 14 versus 109 +/- 24 micrograms/g X min. All of the N-demethylated metabolites except N2N4 dimethylmelamine in plasma, liver, and tumor also reached much lower levels in mice pretreated with PB. The antitumor activity of HMM was significantly antagonized by PB treatment in both M5076 reticular cell sarcoma and PC6 plasmocytoma of the mouse.

Altretamine↗
PubMed1986

Comparative metabolism of daunorubicin and 4-demethoxydaunorubicin in mice and rabbits.

In the present study, the biodisposition of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (4DDM) and its 13-dihydrometabolite was compared with daunorubicin (DM) and its metabolite in rabbit serum, and the results were considered in the light of this DM analog's pharmacokinetic behavior in mice. In rabbit serum, the levels of the 13-OH derivative of both DM and 4DDM (daunorubicinol and 4-demethoxydaunorubicinol) were higher than in mice. In vitro metabolic studies with mouse and rabbit cytosol indicated that the hepatic metabolism was quantitatively important for both analogs (70%-90% for DM and 4DDM was reduced to the 13-OH metabolite), but the rabbit had a much higher specific capacity to metabolize these compounds. DM seemed a better substrate for cytoplasmic aldoketoreductase, the enzyme affinity in rabbits being three times higher than for 4DDM. Cytotoxicity studies in vitro showed that 4-demethoxydaunorubicinol, unlike daunorubicinol, was as cytotoxic as the parent compound, and this suggests this metabolic step does not inactivate 4DDM but contributes to its high and long-lasting biological activity in vivo.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1984

[Protocol of combined surgical and polychemico-immunoradiologic therapy of stage T2N2MO lung cancer].

Preliminary data on the use of a combined surgical-polychemical-immunoradiotherapy protocol in the treatment of 13 T2N2M0 lung cancer patients are reported. The results are compared with those obtained in a 13 patient control group, homogenous by histotype, stage and surgical treatment who were given no other therapy. At 24 months the average survival rate in the first group was 61.5% compared to 15.3% in the second. It was significant that survival at 24 months after pneumonectomy rose from 16.6% to 50% and even more significantly survival after lobectomy rose from 14.2% to 71.4%.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1984

[Cardial achalasia and emotional stress. Considerations on 47 clinical cases].

Reference is made to personal experience of psycholability is most patients with cardiac achalasia in presenting the results of a preliminary study of the relation between psychic trauma and the onset of this affection, in which a retrospective investigation was made of 47 clinical records prepared for surgical purposes, and hence poorly oriented. It was found that 16 patients (34%) spontaneously reported that dysphagia was closely related to a psychic trauma in terms of time. While no aetiopathogenetic theories can be founded on this observation, it suggests that the question can be usefully examined further by means of more specific psychological investigations that are more appropriate for employment in subsequent cases, the aim being to determine whether the trauma in question triggers the disease, or is simply a sign revealing the presence of an already existing condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Microsurgical approach to pancreatic duct occlusion in the pig by means of a prolamine solution.

Prolamine is an alcoholic solution of zein, with the property of polymerizing within 15 minutes in a humid medium. Such a substance has been injected in the pancreatic duct of 10 pigs with a microsurgical technique, causing complete occlusion. The prolamine gel produces a progressive fibrosclerosis of the exocrine pancreatic parenchyma, sparing the endocrine portion. The resulting pancreatic atrophy avoids the occurrence of inflammatory complications that often hamper surgery on such gland. The 10 pigs under study showed post-operative normal values of blood glucose and insulin, and a decrease in serum alpha-amylase levels. Complications occurred in only one case, and the microscopic pattern was similar in all cases. Microsurgical approach and use of prolamine are considered effective both in pancreatic transplantation and in chronic pancreatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[The role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary cancer].

Cancer of the lung is becoming increasingly common. In the U.S., it has the highest mortality of the neoplastic diseases, well ahead of cancer of the colon and rectum. Surgical and/or complementary management is poorly effective because it comes too late. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential, therefore. Preclinical diagnosis may be possible radiographically in certain fortunate cases, but this is never an early diagnosis. The latter is only possible through active bronchial cytology (bronchial brushing, selective washing, PBS) during and after flexible fibrobronchoscopy, which can be carried out under local anaesthesia at the outpatient level and causes very little distress to the patient. Data from a personal series are cited in support of the view that cytodiagnosis should be routinely employed in subjects at high risk (heavy smokers, persons with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.).

Adenocarcinoma↗