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Biomedical subjects

A Palermo

Publications and source records attributed to A Palermo.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Alpha 1-Adrenoceptor blockade: dissociation of its effects on renin release and arterial blood pressure in man.

1. The possibility that the juxtaglomerular alpha 1-adrenoceptors mediate an inhibitory action on renin release in man was examined in seven patients with essential hypertension, by measuring (i) the acute effects of prazosin (0.25 mg intravenously), a selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor-blocking agent, on arterial pressure and plasma renin activity, the degree of alpha-blockade induced by the drug being assessed by comparing the pressor response with that to a test dose of phenylephrine before and after prazosin administration, and (ii) the increases in plasma renin activity in response to isoprenaline before and during the prazosin-induced alpha-blockade. 2. Twenty minutes after the infusion of prazosin, when the pressor response to phenylephrine was reduced by 80% with respect to control, (i) mean arterial pressure was practically unchanged, (ii) plasma renin activity was almost doubled and (iii) the increases in plasma renin activity in response to isoprenaline were significantly greater, both in absolute and percentage values, than those observed before prazosin. 3. The increments in baseline plasma renin activity induced by prazosin in the absence of decrease in arterial pressure and the enhancement in renin responsiveness to the beta-adrenoceptor stimulus suggest that, in man, the juxtaglomerular alpha 1-adrenoceptors exert a direct, suppressive action on renin release.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effects of caroxazone, a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, on the pressor response to intravenous tyramine in man.

1 Caroxazone is a new antidepressant drug with reversible MAO-inhibitory activity. 2 The pressor effect of intravenously injected tyramine has been evaluated in six male healthy volunteers before, during oral treatment with caroxazone 200 mg three times daily and at different time intervals after discontinuation of treatment. 3 Caroxazone produces a moderate tyramine supersensitivity. 4 The reversibility of MAO-inhibition produced by caroxazone is clearly reflected by the time-course of tyramine supersensitivity. In fact, tyramine potentiation does not accumulate with caroxazone cumulative dose, while it is correlated to drug plasma levels and disappears rapidly (half-life 1.5 days) upon discontinuation of treatment. 5 caroxazone seems to be safer and more manageable than all other clinically available MAO-inhibitors which produce irreversible inactivation of MAO.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of caroxazone, a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, on the pressor response to oral tyramine in man.

1 A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of caroxazone, a new antidepressant drug endowed with a reversible short-lasting MAO-inhibitory activity in man, on the blood pressure response to tyramine administered by the oral route. 2 The study was carried out in 9 healthy volunteers who were randomly assigned to treatment with caroxazone 200 mg three times daily (7 subjects) or with indistinguishable placebo (2 subjects). 3 The sensitivity to tyramine was assessed in each subject both before and after the 7-9 days of treatment. 4. While placebo did not modify the pressor response to tyramine, the threshold dose of tyramine which induced a rise in systolic blood pressure was lowered by about four-fold in 6 out of the 7 subjects treated with caroxazone. In the seventh subject the observed potentiation of peroral tyramine was not quantitatively evaluable. 5 Challenges performed in three subjects after discontinuation of treatment with caroxazone show that the effects of the compound are short-lasting, since the sensitivity to tyramine seems to regain the baseline value within 1-2 days. 6 Even if caroxazone potentiates peroral tyramine to a relatively low degree, a tyramine poor diet is recommended for patients during caroxazone treatment. 7 The reversibility of the MAO-inhibitory action of caroxazone is confirmed by the rapid return to normal values in the response to tyramine after discontinuation of treatment. This property of caroxazone would allow patients to return to a free diet in much less time than the safety limit of 2 weeks recommended for the currently used irreversible MAO-inhibitors.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Reflex pressor response in young subjects with labile hypertension (author's transl)].

A study on the pressor response to various tests of sympathetic stimulation has been performed in 36 young subjects, 9 with labile hypertension and 27 normotensive. All have been studied with "tilt test", "cold pressor test" and "mental arithmetic stress". In the labile hypertensive subjects the "tilt test" induced increases of the systolic and diastolic pressure significantly higher than in the normotensives. The "cold pressor test" produced an increase of the arterial pressure and of the heart rate significantly lower in the labile hypertensive than in the normotensive. The pressure responses and the changes of the heart rate produced by the "mental arithmetic stress" did not show significant differences in the two groups of patients studied. The results are discussed.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular and hormonal responses to cold pressor test in insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents with microalbuminuria.

Cardiovascular responses to cold pressor test and associated changes in blood concentrations of renin, aldosterone, and catecholamines were measured in 11 type I diabetic patients with microalbuminuria; 11 type I diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria matched for age, duration of diabetes, metabolic control; and in nine normal control subjects. Heart rate, renin, aldosterone, and catecholamines concentrations in diabetic patients and controls at baseline were similar, but higher mean blood pressure was evident in microalbuminuric than normoalbuminuric patients (p < 0.01) and controls (p < 0.05). Heart rate and mean blood pressure during cold pressor test in control subjects and type I diabetic patients increased significantly but similarly, regardless of the presence of microalbuminuria. Catecholamines, but not renin-aldosterone release, was associated to blood pressure modifications during the test. Peak values of mean blood pressure induced by cold test were positively correlated to baseline values in control subjects (r = 0.658, p < 0.05) and normoalbuminuric (r = 0.725, p < 0.01), but not microalbuminuric diabetics. These data suggest that the higher blood-pressure values at rest observed in microalbuminuric than normoalbuminuric diabetics are not associated with a higher cardiovascular response to cold hypertensive stimulus.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Histiocytosis].

Histiocytosis are often hard to define clinically, due to a wide range of symptoms shown. Therefore, in order to display them, a deep knowledge of the symptoms is required and, above all, of their histological and histoclinical characteristics.

Bone Marrow Examination↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of TLV-ACGIH (HAL) and Strain Index for the evaluation of the upper extremity biomechanical overload].

Pathologies due to repetitive activity of the upper limb, well known in scientific literature as WMSDs (Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders), are considerably increased in the last years. At the moment, there are no validated methods for the assessment of the work-related risk. This study compares two different methods proposed in literature for the assessment of the work-related risk, combining objective and subjective measures.

Arm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prothrombotic and prethrombotic markers in obese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects].

The Authors studied the behaviour of some prothrombotic (fibrinogen, factor VII, antithrombin III and tissue plasminogen activator) and prethrombotic (beta thromboglobulin, D-dimer) markers in a group of obese subjects in relation to various physiopathological parameters. The series consist of 93 obese subjects (29 m, 64 f, mean age 55 +/- 6 yrs, BMI 33 +/- 1), of whom 62 suffering from type 2 diabetes in good metabolic control obtained by oral hypoglycemic (42 cases) or insulin (20 cases) treatment. For each subject the Authors determined the plasmatic levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides (enzymatic method, Boehringer kits), fibrinogen (coagulometric method, Organon kit), factor VII (chromogenic method, IL kit), antithrombin III (chromogenic method, IL kit), tissue plasminogen, beta thromboglobulin and D-dimer (ELISA method, Boehringer kits). The results were examined in relation to sex, age, overweight degree, waist/thigh ratio, total cholesterol, triglycerides and, for diabetics, to the therapeutical treatment. The fibrinogen plasma levels proved statistically (0.05) increased proportionally to the overweight degree (BMI over 35), cholesterol levels (over 250 mg%) and age (51-65 yrs); factor VII showed a significant increase (0.05) related to the cholesterol levels, the overweight degree and, surprisingly, to female sex; as regards antithrombin III, its sharp reduction was related with ageing and with the "gynoid type" waist/thigh ratio; tissue plasminogen activator showed a statistically significant reduction (0.05) in the group with older age (over 65 yrs); the beta thromboglobulin levels were obviously increased (0.05) in the hypercholesterolemic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects (over 250 mg%), the D-dimer values increased proportionally with age (0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fibrinogen and antithrombin III in obese subjects].

The study aimed to evaluate the behaviour of two pre-thrombotic markers (hyperfibrinogenemia and hypoanti-thrombinemia) in obesity which is considered a factor of atherogenous risk. Ninety-three obese subjects were included in the study (29 M, 64 F, mean age 55 +/- 6, BMI 33 +/- 1), including 62 Type 2 diabetics. The following were assayed in each subject: glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides (enzymatic method), fibrinogen (coagulometric method) and anti-thrombin III (chromogenic method). Results were assessed in relation to sex, age (0-50, 51-65, over 65), BMI (upto 30, 31-35, over 35), waist/hip ratio (upto 0.95, 0.96-1.02, over 1.02), cholesterolemia (upto 200, 201-250, over 250 mg%) and triglyceridemia (upto 150, 151-200, over 200 mg%). A significant increase (0.05) in fibrinogenemia was observed in the subjects aged between 51-65, with BMI above 35, with an intermediate waist/hip ratio (0.96-1.02) and with cholesterolemia over 250 mg%; reduced values of anti-thrombin III were found in subjects over 65 years old and with the lowest waist-hip ratio (upto 0.95); no significant data were obtained for the other parameters and for the correlation between fibrinogen and anti-thrombin III. The pro-thrombotic importance of hyperfibrinogenemia is underlined in obese subjects; this is proportional to age, to the degree of overweight and levels of cholesterolemia, even if equivocal results emerge with regard to the "android" variety. The reduction of anti-thrombin III is correlated to senility and, surprisingly, to the gynoid-type waist/hip ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗