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Biomedical subjects

A P Gillett

Publications and source records attributed to A P Gillett.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

The prevention of spread of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a spinal injuries centre.

The National Spinal Injuries Centre (NSIC) is a tertiary referral centre. It accepts most of its patients from other hospitals in the UK and overseas. The severity of injury, the presence of a tracheostomy, urinary catheter and pressure sores predisposes this group of patients to colonisation or infection with Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The NSIC uses simple but strict protocols for hygiene, screening for MRSA, and source isolation of known or suspected MRSA carriers in single room accommodation to control the spread of MRSA in the centre. A retrospective search of microbiology and patient records revealed that in 4 years there had been 24 admissions with MRSA, with a total of 1421 isolation days. There was only one outbreak of MRSA. This involved three patients. Hygiene, screening of potential MRSA carriers together with single room isolation can limit the spread of MRSA.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1989

MANAGER: a multi-user computer scheme for management of laboratory staff working hours.

To administer a flexible-working-time system in a busy medical microbiology department, without increased administrative workload, a set of programs was produced for computer monitoring of staff time-keeping records. The programs--initially written to facilitate management and minimise clerical work, and extended to encompass all staff absences--are collectively called MANAGER. They allow efficient management of working hours and staff absences, using a multi-user laboratory computer. The programs were all written in MUMPS and evolved in-house, but could be developed for any multi-user laboratory computer system.

Laboratories↗
PubMed1987

Infective cutaneous gangrene--urgency in diagnosis and treatment.

Many descriptions of infective cutaneous gangrene have been published under a variety of names. The classification adopted by Ledingham and Tehrani is illustrated by 4 cases seen in the Stoke Mandeville Hospital. Although the incidence is high in Eastern countries, infective cutaneous gangrene is uncommon in the Western hemisphere owing to a difference in geographic pathology. Early and delayed management is described, stressing that early diagnosis and aggressive treatment is required, ideally by a team consisting of a microbiologist and plastic and general surgeons. There is a substantial risk associated with the failure to diagnose and treat this condition. Mortality rates and prognosis are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Significance of antikeratin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis.

Antikeratin antibodies (AKA) were found in the sera of 59% (121/204) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There was a significantly higher incidence of AKA (73%) in male patients compared with females (53%) and a correlation between AKA positivity and IgM rheumatoid factor was found. Antibody reactivity was positively associated with the presence of nodules, antinuclear antibody, C-reactive protein and disease severity. AKA would appear to have possible prognostic significance in patients with RA.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1984

Nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in general practice.

The incidence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and the in vitro susceptibility of isolates to fusidic acid, penicillin, erythromycin, methicillin and tetracycline was determined in 204 patients who had been treated previously with a short course of a topical preparation of Fucidin for acute skin sepsis, and in an equal number of control subjects. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 36 per cent and 34 per cent of patients in the Fucidin and control groups respectively. Only one of the 144 isolates was resistant to fusidic acid. Short, single courses of topical therapy in general practice are unlikely to be epidemiologically hazardous in the long term. Evidence of possible cross-infection in general practice was obtained.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of fine-bore suprapubic and an intermittent urethral catheterisation regime after spinal cord injury.

A prospective trial, comparing fine-bore suprapubic catheterisation and intermittent urethral catheterisation as methods of bladder drainage in the acute stage following spinal cord injury, was conducted. The results showed no important difference in either method of bladder management. Fine-bore suprapubic catheterisation is particularly suitable for young female patients, who find repeated urethral catheterisation distasteful; in other patients it is an acceptable alternative to intermittent urethral catheterisation, particularly where economic considerations are paramount.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The influence of protein binding upon tissue fluid levels of six beta-lactam antibiotics.

The effect of protein binding upon the penetration of six-beta-lactam (three penicillins and three cephalosporins) antibiotics into tissue fluid was studied in humans. A cantharides blister technique was used. It was found that there was a linear relationship between the percentage of protein binding and the penetration into the blister fluid of the antibiotic as measured by the area under the curve of the protein-free fraction. This finding is further evidence that protein binding may have important influence upon the likely efficacy of an antimicrobial agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pharmacokinetics of Ro 13-9904, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin.

The pharmacokinetics of the new cephalosporin Ro-13-9904 were studied in six healthy male volunteers receiving a 500-mg dose as a bolus intravenously. Tissue penetration of the antibiotic was estimated by using a cantharides blister method. The data obtained fitted a two-compartment open model. The mean elimination half-life was about 8 h, which is considerably longer than that of other beta-lactam compounds. The distribution volume was 4.3 liters in the central compartment. Levels of Ro 13-9904 in blister fluid exceeded those in serum after 6.5 h. Approximately 60% of the antibiotic was excreted in the urine.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacokinetics of Bay k 4999, a new broad-spectrum penicillin.

The pharmacokinetics of the broad-spectrum penicillin Bay k 4999 were studied in six healthy male volunteers. A 2-g dose was given by the intravenous route. The tissue penetration of the antibiotic was studied by both dermabrasion and blister techniques. A total of 26.4% of the drug was recovered in the urine in 24 h, 79% of this being excreted in the first 2 h. The elimination half-life in serum was 1.3 h. The dermabrasion levels of Bay k 4999 were generally similar to those in serum, but after 1 h the blister fluid levels of antibiotic were greater than those in serum. Different drug levels obtained by blister and dermabrasion techniques may be due to the different composition of the two fluids.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Comparative in vitro microbiological activity and stability of cefaclor.

The in vitro activity of cefaclor was compared with that of cephalexin and cephradine. This new antibiotic was the most active of the oral agents against Haemophilus influenzae (especially non-beta-lactamase producing strains). It was also significantly more active against N. gonorrhoeae and the Enterobacteriaceae. The instability in agar raises some issues that need further study.

Bacteria↗