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A P Banerji

Publications and source records attributed to A P Banerji.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

99mTc-labeled field bean protease inhibitor can function as an efficient tumor detecting agent.

Purified field bean protease inhibitor (FBPI) was labeled with 99mTcO4- to ascertain its ability to locate tumors in tumor-bearing rat models. The labeling was done with Sn2+ as a reducing agent and the yield was 95%. It was stable for 2 hr at ambient temperature. The biodistribution study of the intravenously injected radiolabeled FBPI in normal Wistar rats at various time intervals showed a rapid blood clearance from the systemic circulation (approximately 5hr). The complex was predominantly excreted through the renal and the hepatobiliary systems. In vivo distribution and scintiimaging of 99mTc-FBPI were carried out in rats bearing carcinogen-induced mammary tumor or transplanted C6-gliomas. The results obtained were compared with conventional tumor-seeking radiopharmaceuticals such as 99mTc-(V)dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), 201Thallous chloride (TICI) and 99mTc-Citrate. The tumor to muscle (T/M) ratios obtained with 99mTc-FBPI in rat C6 glioma was nearly 2 to 5-fold higher than obtained with all the three conventional tumor-seeking agents. The T/M ratio obtained with 99mTc-FBPI in rat mammary tumor on the other hand appeared to be 2-3-fold higher than noted with 99mTc(V)-DMSA and 201TlCl. The ratio was however comparable with that obtained with 99mTc-Citrate. The study indicated that 99mTc-FBPI has the specific potentials for imaging gliomas and possibly other tumors as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Long-term feeding of field bean protein containing protease inhibitors suppresses virus-induced mammary tumors in mice.

Protease inhibitors (PIs) of synthetic, bacterial or soybean origin have been shown to suppress carcinogen or radiation-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. We report, for the first time, the effect of year-long feeding of Field bean meal, a rich source of PIs with a 24% protein content, at different protein levels in the diet, on mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-induced mammary tumorigenesis in C3H/Jax mice. Weanling female mice were randomized and divided into groups and fed chow or chow with 2%, 4%, 8% FB protein (FBP) or autoclaved 2% FBP (AFBP) until 49 weeks and the incidence of mammary tumors was recorded until 58 weeks when they were sacrificed. Mice fed 2% FBP showed significant (P < 0.001) reduction (68%) in tumor incidence and delay (P < 0.02) in tumor appearance compared to controls. This suppressive effect on mammary tumorigenesis increased with increased FBP intake with values of tumor suppression being 75% and 81% in mice groups fed 4% and 8% FBP, respectively. Incidentally, the tumors appeared earlier (P < 0.05) in the 8% FBP-treated mice compared to other groups. Moreover, this suppressive effect on mammary tumorigenesis was related to the PI activity of the FB meal, since mice fed 2% AFBP showed no reduction in tumor incidence. Heat treatment, which had destroyed the PI activity, apparently did not affect other chemopreventive agents known to be present in plant material. This possibility is supported by our observation that prolonged feeding of 2% FBP or 2% AFBP increased the liver glutathione content of mice, suggesting the presence of a highly heat-stable factor, other than PIs, in the FBP, which brought about this elevation. Further, while 2% or 4% FBP- and 2% AFBP- treated mice showed no adverse growth effects, only the 8% FBP-fed group showed a significant lower growth curve compared to control mice, with some of them showing pancreatic lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The field bean protease inhibitor can effectively suppress 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice.

Prolonged topical treatment with protease inhibitors (PIs) both synthetic and of bacterial origin have been shown to prevent carcinogen initiated and croton oil or phorbol acetate promoted skin carcinogenesis in mice. However, no one has yet examined the possibility of a purified PI of plant origin to block skin carcinogenesis by sustained local treatment. We therefore studied this aspect using a purified PI from field bean (FBPI) in Swiss albino mice. Groups of 8-week-old mice were taken and treated differently. Group I mice were treated with 100 microliters of acetone alone, while mice of Group II were treated with a single high (150 micrograms) dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in acetone and 2 weeks later they were treated with a high concentration (125 micrograms) of croton oil thrice weekly. Mice of Groups III, IV and V were treated exactly as described for mice of Group II, but 4 h after croton oil treatment they were further treated with an aqueous solution of 1 mg, 2 mg of FBPI or 2 mg of heat-inactivated [corrected] FBPI, respectively. Treatment of all groups was continued until the mice were 25 weeks old, the appearance of tumors being recorded during the period. Our findings showed that treatment of carcinogen and croton oil exposed mice of Groups III and IV with two different doses of FBPI not only brought about appreciable delay in the appearance of tumors but also significant (P < 0.025-0.001) suppression of tumor incidence at nearly all times of promotion. Additionally, it lowered significantly (P < 0.01-0.001) the tumor multiplicity and the tumor appearance rate compared to mice of Groups II and V. These effects of FBPI appeared to be dose related. Lack of response with heat-inactivated FBPI indicated that these actions of FBPI were related to its PI activity. The study thus confirmed that topical treatment with a legume-derived PI can effectively suppress skin carcinogenesis.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1996

Field bean protease inhibitor mitigates the sister-chromatid exchanges induced by bromoform and depresses the spontaneous sister-chromatid exchange frequency of human lymphocytes in vitro.

The mutagenicity of a trihalomethane-bromoform (CHBr3)-was assessed by the in vitro sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) assay using human peripheral blood lymphocytes. CHBr3 was found to induce SCEs significantly in a dose-dependent manner. When the cells were exposed to 600 ng CHBr3/ml of the medium, the SCE/cell mean reached a value as high as 18.78 +/- 0.17. Beyond this concentration. CHBr3 proved to be cytotoxic. A protease inhibitor (PI), purified appreciably by affinity chromatography from fieldbean (FB), was able to suppress significantly in a dose-dependent way the high SCE frequencies induced by this specific concentration of CHBr3 (600 ng/ml). Addition of 600 micrograms of FBPI/ml of the medium brought down the CHBr3-induced high SCEs to near (8.80 +/- 0.15) base line or control value (8.45 +/- 0.21). A study of the effect of FBPI on the normal low SCE frequencies in these cells indicated that the FBPI has the intrinsic property to suppress in a dose-dependent manner these SCEs in the lymphocytes. This functional property of FBPI, which is related to its protease inhibitory activity and which is destroyed when it is inactivated by autoclaving, makes it an effective antimutagenic/chemopreventive agent.

Antimutagenic Agents↗
PubMed1995

Inhibition of benzopyrene-induced forestomach tumors by field bean protease inhibitor(s).

Protease inhibitors (PIs), particularly the soybean-derived Bowman-Birk inhibitor, have proved to be powerful blockers of carcinogenesis in many in vitro and animal model systems. However, so far an ability of PIs to suppress gastric carcinogenesis has not been demonstrated, because of the anticipated 'hostile' acidic gastric environment for the PI to exert its action. We therefore examined the ability of a purified PI from the Indian legume the field bean (FBPI), when administered by gavage, to subdue benzopyrene (BP)-induced neoplasia of the forestomach of mice. Forestomach tumors were produced in female Swiss albino mice by oral administration of BP at a dose of 1 mg twice weekly for 4 weeks. Groups of mice were treated per os with an aqueous solution of FBPI for 3 months or more at a dose of 20 mg/kg once daily, six times a week, either from the initiation of carcinogenesis or after completion of the carcinogen treatment. Another group was treated likewise with autoclaved inactive FBPI. Mice of both the FBPI-treated groups showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) reductions in the multiplicity of gastric tumors, with the tumor incidence being unaffected. However, the suppression of tumor multiplicity was appreciably (P < 0.01) more in the group that received FBPI treatment concomitantly with the carcinogen. The mice that were treated with heat-inactivated FBPI showed similar tumor multiplicity to the BP-treated group, indicating that the oncopreventive activity of FBPI is related to its protease inhibitory capacity. These observations point to the potential of PIs as effective chemoprotectors against gastric cancer in animals and, possibly, in humans as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Field bean protease inhibitor preparations, unlike methotrexate, can completely suppress Yoshida sarcoma tumor in rats.

Protease inhibitor preparations (PIP) with antitryptic and antichymotryptic activities, isolated from field bean legume as well as doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide could effectively suppress the growth of Yoshida sarcoma ascites tumor cells transplanted in adult rats and prevent their death. As against this, methotrexate and heat-inactivated PIP were ineffective in such rats at varied doses of treatment tried. The percent survival of animals appeared to be related to the purity, treatment mode and the dose of PIP used. Zymographic analysis of the trypsin activated sarcoma cell homogenate revealed the presence of six protease bands in the molecular weight range of 51kD to 206kD. Prolonged interactions of such zymograms with protease inhibitors such as 20mM EDTA or 5mM diisopropyl flurophosphate (DIFP) or 400 micrograms/ml of PIP in reaction buffer indicated that these are not metalloproteases but serine proteases whose activities are inhibited by PIP and DIFP. Since proteases are involved in cell growth regulation and cell transformation, we hypothesize a positive relationship between the field bean protease inhibitor's blocking action on tumor cell proteases and its tumor suppressing activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A mammary stimulating mitogen(s) from rat muscle: its possible influence in mammary tumorigenesis.

A mitogen has been shown to be present in rat abdominal muscle tissue, which could stimulate rat mammary cells grown in culture. Studies on the in vivo-stimulatory effects on the rat mammary gland, taking increase in DNA synthesis, mitotic index and wholemount preparation as the parameters, affirmed the presence of a mammary stimulating factor in the muscle tissue. Treatment of rat mammary glands with the crude mitogen preparation before and after a single gastric dose of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA), increased the mammary tumor incidence suggesting its possible influence in carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis in rats.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1990

Column isoelectric focusing in natural pH gradients generated by biological buffers.

Using 2 or 3 simple Good zwitterionic buffers at a 16 or 18 mmol/L final column concentration of the mixture, natural pH gradients of 4 to 8 and 3 to 9.5, respectively, were generated in a liquid LKB column. The pH gradients, stabilized by an anticonvective sucrose gradient, were linear, reproducible and stable in the electric field up to 5h. The pH gradients were used for isoelectric focusing of a number of impure proteins such as human hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin and chicken egg white lysozyme. The protein components could be well separated in the gradient, were easily recovered and appeared to be quite pure when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the pH gradient 4-8 was effectively used to isolate one of the acidic isozyme (pI 5.6) components of mouse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) in an enzymatically active state, suggesting that the procedure does not denature proteins. The low cost, the ease with which the pH gradients are formed, their linearity, stability for a sufficient period to allow proteins to reach equilibrium and their subsequent recovery from buffer eluates should make the procedure interesting for electrofocusing of proteins.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1989

A mitogenic factor from rat muscle.

A growth-promoting polypeptide has been purified about 1950-fold from rat abdominal muscle by gel chromatography, isoelectric-focusing (IEF) and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) techniques. This factor is an acidic protein with an isoelectric point (pI) of 3.4 and a mol. wt of 12 kDa when run on SDS-polyacrylamide gels under reducing conditions. It is acid and heat-stable but is sensitive to reducing agent and protease action. It stimulates [3H]thymidine incorporation in NRK-49F and NIH 3T3 cells and induces soft agar colony formation of NIH 3T3 cells. The muscle-derived mitogen appears to differ from other known growth factors (GFs) in its physico-chemical properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between peroxidase activity and steroid receptors in human mammary tumors.

The interrelationships between levels of estradiol receptors (ER) and estrogen-dependent proteins, peroxidase and progesterone receptors (PgR) were examined in 54 histologically proven primary breast tumors in Indian women. ER and PgR were determined by the agar gel electrophoresis and dextran coated charcoal methods, respectively. Peroxidase activity (PA) was estimated by the guaiacol method. Our results showed a lack of correlation between ER and PA as well as between concentrations of PgR and PA in the tumors. It was concluded from this preliminary investigation that, in addition to ER and PgR, estimation of PA does not contribute significantly to more accurate assessment of hormone dependence of human breast tumors.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Peroxidase activity (PA) and progesterone receptors (PgR) in normal rat mammary glands.

PA and PgR appear to be reliable markers of estradiol action in normal female rat mammary glands, as seen by simultaneous expression of both proteins between the ages of 61 and 131 days. However, expression of PA at certain periods, when PgR was undetectable suggests, that the extent of availability of both estradiol and progesterone at target sites may act as controlling factors in synthesis of one protein over another.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Effect of some hormones on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme patterns of Holtzman rat mammary glands.

The effect of 17 beta-estradiol, testosterone propionate and haloperidol induced prolactin release in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme patterns of female Holtzman rat mammary tissues was investigated. The LDH pattern of the mammary gland of an adult female rat showed all five isoenzymes. One week following castration, a loss of muscle type LDH-5 isoenzyme was evident in such patterns. The administration of 17 beta-estradiol alone could restore the LDH-5 isoenzyme in the mammary tissues of such castrated females. It was therefore concluded that LDH-5 isoenzyme in the mammary glands of Holtzman rats is truly estrogen dependent.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Peroxidase activity in the rat breast tissue as a marker of estrogen action.

Peroxidase activity and its inducibility by estrogen in the uterine and breast tissues of Holtzman rats varied with the age of animals. Basal proxidase level of the two tissues was low in immature and high in older animals. Estrogen induced significant peroxidase activity in the uteri of rats up to 56 days of age and thereafter the uterine response was poor. Though the breast tissue peroxidase response to estrogen was significant in 20-160 days old female rats, greater inducibility being noted between 40-90 days of age. Among the sex steroids, only estrogen could induce the enzyme in the breast tissue in a dose dependent way. Peroxidase was also induced appreciably in the male breast tissue to an extent observed in age-matched females. It is suggested that this enzyme could be regarded as a diagnostic end point of estrogen action in the rat breast tissue.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Muscle transketolase in normal foetuses and Duchenne dystrophy.

The activity of the enzyme transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) or the pentose phosphate metabolizing enzyme (PPME) was investigated in the quadriceps muscles of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), polymyositis and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and in normal foetuses. The enzyme activity was significantly elevated in these muscle disorders with highest and lowest levels seen in DMD and SMA groups, respectively. The enzyme activity was increased early in DMD muscle and appeared to increase with progression of the disease. Normal foetal muscle contained high transketolase activity which is comparable to that seen in DMD patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Patterns of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes during gonadogenesis in the rat.

The isoenzymes of LDH were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The M and H LDH subunits were present in gonads of both sexes from Day 14 1/2 p.c. and there was some variation with increased gestation. From Day 20 after birth two specific LDH-X bands (X1 and X2) were evident in the spermatocyte-rich fraction, but not in those of the Sertoli and Leydig cell fractions or those of the ovary.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Some observations on gonadotropin inhibitor (anti-LH) for human urine--with discussion on its possible source of origin.

Physicochemical characteristics of an anti-LH substance, partially purified from human urine, has been determined. It is an acid-precipitable, sialic acid containing glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 162,000. This substance on mg to mg basis has a 50 fold biological potency when compared to that of the crude gonadotropin inhibiting material. Dialysed human pineal protein extracts also showed anti-LH activity which was not attributed to sialidase activity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of such pineal extracts revealed a glycoprotein component with the same mobility as that of the urinary anti-LH protein. These observations suggest a possibility that the human pineal gland may be associated either with secretion or storage of this gonadotropin inhibiting entity.

Animals↗