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Biomedical subjects

A P Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to A P Andersen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The Venturi anaesthesia circuit II. Carbon dioxide production and gas flow requirements.

Carbon dioxide production was measured in 20 adult patients undergoing alloplastic operation of the hip. Body weight ranged from 40 to 81 kg. Anaesthesia consisted of lumbar plexus block, i.v. diazepam, pethidine, pavulon and N2O/O2 under controlled ventilation. CO2 production was 2.13 ml kg-1 min-1 (interquartile range 2.09-2.23). A fresh gas flow rate of about 30 ml kg-1 min-1 was required for the elimination of CO2 produced when using the Venturi system for inhalation anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The Venturi anaesthesia circuit III. Carbon dioxide elimination.

The Venturi circuit was studied with regard to CO2 elimination in a model experiment. A mean concentration of 0.6% CO2 in the fresh gas supply to the patient was accepted. The experiments demonstrated that a soda-lime charge of 200 g will cover the elimination requirements of CO2 in a Venturi circuit for any patient below 100 kg b.w. for a period of 3 h, while a soda-lime charge of 300 g will suffice for 5 h. The utilization of the soda lime charge is of the same order of magnitude as that of the much larger canisters used in circle circuits. In the Venturi circuit, the size of the soda-lime charge can be adjusted to suit the body weight of the patient and the expected length of the anaesthetic procedure. One soda-lime charge for each anaesthetic procedure is preferable from the point of view of hygiene. The charge should not be less than 200 g.

Absorption↗
PubMed1985

Energy expenditure on breathing during anaesthesia.

Measurements of carbon dioxide production were carried out on 20 patients undergoing arthroplastic operation of the hip joint, under halothane anaesthesia supplemented with lumbar plexus block. Compared to spontaneous respiration, the carbon dioxide production during controlled ventilation, with and without muscular relaxation, showed a decrease of 19% and 12%, respectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Work potential evaluation in mental health.

A survey was conducted to describe the methods and the degree to which occupational therapists in mental health settings were evaluating the work potential of patients. Of the 231 responses received from a population of 500 therapists, 157 were usable for this study. Results showed that 36% of the respondents performed work potential evaluations using interest inventories, crafts, and miscellaneous nonstandardized measures as their primary sources of information, and they cited observation as the most useful tool to obtain information about a patient. Most respondents identified the need to do more in this area and expressed an interest in expanding their skills and available resources. Implications for occupational therapy were discussed in relationship to new Medicare legislation.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Melanomas of the mucosa in the oral cavity and the upper respiratory passages.

Thirty-eight patients with malignant melanoma of the mucosa in the nasal and oral cavity have been treated at the Radium Centres in Arhus, Copenhagen and Odense in the years from 1956 to 1978. Twenty cases were localized to the nasal cavity and the nasal sinuses, and 18 cases to the oral cavity and oropharynx. Twenty-nine patients had local tumors, eight had local lymph node metastases, and one patient had lung metastases. The primary treatment has been surgery, which was radical in 50% of the cases, whereas 14 patients received irradiation and combined treatment. Complete response was seen locally in five of six irradiated nasal tumors and in three of eight oral tumors. Only two patients with nasal and one patient with oral tumors had recurrence later. Active treatment for recurrence has had the result that 10 patients have survived for 2 additional years, and 1 patient for almost 5 additional years. Eight patients lived for more than 5 years; crude survival is 26%.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Preparation and characterization of methyl green tetrafluoroborate.

Commercial methyl green dyes were converted to tetrafluoroborate by means of NaBF4-solution, the compounds thus obtained were analytically pure. It was shown to be possible to distinguish between a "methyl" and an "ethyl" compound by means of NMR spectroscopy. The dyes are stable in buffered aqueous solution, and in crystalline form. A spectrophotometric assay is proposed.

Borates↗
PubMed1984

Irradiation, chemotherapy and surgery in esophageal cancer: a randomized clinical study. The first Scandinavian trial in esophageal cancer.

In a randomized trial, irradiation alone (35 Gy) or irradiation (30 Gy) and bleomycin was given as preoperative treatment of esophageal cancer. In inoperable patients, a split course of irradiation alone (63 Gy) or irradiation (55 Gy) and bleomycin was given. Bleomycin doses were 5 mg i.m. 1/2-1 h before each irradiation dose. No benefit was obtained by addition of bleomycin to irradiation concerning survival or palliation of dysphagia. No benefit of bleomycin was seen either in any subgroup of patients according to different primary tumour classifications, histopathological gradings or localizations of tumour. In patients with advanced/metastatic disease, bleomycin and adriamycin treatment gave a significantly longer survival than bleomycin alone. It was shown that the presence of T1 tumours was a significant prognostic factor for long-term survival and that performing a radical operation was a significant advantage for a longer survival. Female patients treated with irradiation with or without bleomycin survived significantly longer than males, but in operable patients there was no significant difference between the two sexes with regard to survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule. Treatment results.

Sixty-six patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule were treated, the majority with radiation therapy, and the results of the treatment are analysed. Twenty-two patients (35%) had local recurrence. A classification proposed by Wang was found useful, showing that a high proportion of small tumours (T1 + T2) was cured (81% and 52%) and that possible local recurrence in these patients could be treated successfully with surgery (12 of 22); locally advanced tumours (T3) had a bad prognosis (local recurrence 88%, death 56%). As an alternative, tumour size can be used as a prognostic parameter. The 5-year crude survival was 61.4 +/- 6.8%. Women seem to have a lower local recurrence rate than men.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Age at menarche, urine estrogens and breast cancer risk.

In 511 nulliparous women aged 15-19 years and 347 aged 30-39, an analysis has been undertaken of the relationship of urine concentrations of the three principal estrogens to age, age at menarche and Quetelet's index of adiposity. The analysis was undertaken by means of multiple regression, controlling for each of the 12 centers from which the data originated, as well as for the other study variables. In the younger women, age was strongly and positively related to concentrations of E1 and E2 and less so to E3. In the age group 30-39, follicular phase specimens showed positive relationships with age for all three fractions but luteal specimens did not. Age at menarche showed inverse relationships to levels of E1 and E2 which were significant in the younger but not in the older age group. The associations of estrogens with Quetelet's index were weak and not statistically significant. The data suggest that women whose menarche occurs early not only have a longer duration of exposure to estrogens during years which are probably important in the initiation of breast cancer but, in addition, their exposures are at a higher level during those years and probably at later ages also. These observations support the hypothesis that the mechanism of the association of early menarche with breast cancer risk is via the association of both with estrogen stimulus.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Age at menarche, probability of ovulation and breast cancer risk.

An analysis is undertaken of the frequency of ovulation in 17 groups of women aged 15 to 19 who had been the subjects of other studies. A urine specimen of at least 8 h accumulation had been provided on the 20th or 21st day of a menstrual cycle by 681 women. Analysis is restricted to 431 specimens which had been collected between 11 and 3 days prior to the onset of the subsequent menstrual period. A pregnanediol concentration of less than 1 mg per litre in such a specimen was taken as evidence that the cycle was anovular. The probability of a cycle being anovular was inversely and significantly related to the number of years since menarche, and, with years since menarche held constant, was positively but not significantly associated with age at menarche. This observation indicates that women with early menarche do not have a longer duration of exposure to anovular cycles than do those whose menarche is delayed, and that variation in the duration of exposure to post-menarcheal anovular cycles does not explain the association of breast cancer risk with early age at menarche. The 17 groups of women were classified into four categories according to ethnic origin and breast cancer incidence in the populations from which they derived. Anovular cycles were not more common in the high-risk groups; indeed, the two centers in the lowest risk category had the highest proportion of anovular cycles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Purity of commercial non-certified European samples of Pyronin Y.

The purity of six European non-certified samples of Pyronin Y was compared with that of two American samples certified by the Biological Stain Commission. The methods used were spectrophotometry and a Methyl Green-Pyronin staining test (both as applied by the Biological Stain Commission), thin layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, determination of pH, and content of some electrolytes. It was found that none of the European batches of Pyronin Y passed the complete test as prescribed by the Biological Stain Commission. Their dye content was uniformly low (between 5 and 19%). Furthermore, thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed that two of the dye samples contained no Pyronin Y or only traces. It is concluded that assessment of an unknown sample of a dye labelled Pyronin Y should be initiated with thin layer chromatography. The pH and content of electrolytes in an aqueous solution of the dye should also be determined in order to obtain reproducible staining results. Finally, the value of the work performed by the Biological Stain Commission is underlined, although more sophisticated methods are necessary for testing the purity of dyestuffs.

Cations↗
PubMed1981

Combined modality therapy of operated astrocytomas grade III and IV. Confirmation of the value of postoperative irradiation and lack of potentiation of bleomycin on survival time: a prospective multicenter trial of the Scandinavian Glioblastoma Study Group.

In a controlled, prospective, randomized investigation, started in 1974, 118 patients with supratentorial astrocytoma Grade III--IV were divided into three groups. Groups 1 and 2 received 45 Gy postoperatively to the whole supratentorial brain. Bleomycin in 15-mg doses and a total dose of 180 mg or placebo was given intravenously three times a week, one hour prior to radiotherapy, during weeks 1, 2, 4 and 5. Group 3 received conventional care but no radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Median survival rates of patients were 10.8 months in Groups 1 and 2, and 5.2 months in Groups 3, a statistically significant difference. With regard to performance, the patients in Group 3 deteriorated faster than patients in Groups 1 and 2. Bleomycin had no positive or negative influence on survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Laryngeal carcinoma. I. Treatment results.

A series of 359 patients with carcinoma of the larynx was found to be very close to being representative of the northern part of Jutland, Denmark (north of Kongeåen). No unequivocal change in the disease as regards sex, age, histology, symptoms and signs, and stage of disease could be observed during the period 1963 to 1972. A not statistically significant improvement in the corrected mortality appeared. The level of complications after irradiation and secondary surgery was found to be low. A statistically significant, better prognosis was found for females than for males in the glottic group.

Adult↗