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Biomedical subjects

A Oshima

Publications and source records attributed to A Oshima.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Prospective evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of gastrofiberscopic biopsy in diagnosis of gastric cancer.

The accuracy of gastrofiberscopic biopsy in diagnosis of gastric malignancies has been evaluated by studying operative and postmorten findings and clinical follow-up data in linkages at Osaka Cancer Registry, Japan, after an average of 7.7 years. Satisfactory data were obtained in follow-ups of all 1331 patients examined. There were only 31 (3.7%) false-negative diagnoses of malignancy among 858 patients diagnosed as having benign lesions, and only three (0.6%) false-positive diagnoses among 473 patients diagnosed as having malignant tumors. The false-negative diagnoses were most frequent in cases of elevated types of early cancer, advanced cancer of type 4 and leiomyosarcoma, or in cases located in the posterior wall and in the antrum. The three benign lesions that were diagnosed as malignant by biopsy were all associated with active ulceration, indicating that care is necessary in taking biopsy specimens of ulcerated lesions. From these findings the sensitivity and specificity of the gastrofiberscopic biopsy method for detection of gastric malignancies were calculated to be 93.8% and 99.6%, respectively, and the overall accuracy for all the patients was 97.4%. These results reconfirm that gastrofiberscopic biopsy is very useful for diagnosis of gastric malignancies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

A long-term follow-up study of patients with gastric cancer detected by mass screening.

This report is based on 1,139 patients with gastric cancer (GC) detected by mass screening conducted by the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka during 1961-1985. Early GC totalled 527 patients and advanced GC totalled 612 patients. In 859 patients curative resection was performed. Their vital status was traced yearly and six patients were lost to follow-up. Relative survival rates of screening-detected GC patients were 69-70% and almost constant after 5 years from operation/diagnosis. The survival curve in which only death from GC was counted as a death was almost equal to the relative survival curve in its shape and value. The hazard rates of screening detected GC patients decreased rapidly within 7 years and remained low after 7 years. It was confirmed by this long-term follow-up study that about two thirds of GC patients detected by screening were successfully cured of their disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A new method of modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.

We have developed a new type of modified radical mastectomy, the method and clinical results of which are reported herein. In this operation, axillary dissection is performed by the following two approaches. Firstly, the axillary contents are dissected from the highest possible subclavicular point to the pectoralis minor muscle, after partially cutting the sternocostal origin of the pectoralis major muscle. The second approach is from the posterior aspect of the pectoralis minor muscle to the lateral portion of the latissimus dorsi muscle. Parasternal dissection can also be performed for stage II and IIIa cancers with a central or medial tumor. After lymph node dissection, the detached edge of the sternocostal origin of the pectoralis major muscle is resutured to cover the parasternal region. Thus, complete dissection of the axillary nodes is performed whilst preserving the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles. Good clinical results were achieved with respect to radicality, cosmetic effects and function in 28 patients with stage I, II, and IIIa breast cancers who were followed up for between 5 to 8 years. This new operation may therefore be adopted for the majority of patients with Stage I, II, or IIIa cancers, unless massive infiltration into the pectoralis major muscle has occurred. Preservation of both the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles results in a good cosmetic appearance, good functioning of the arm and easy reconstruction of the breast following mastectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A clinicopathologic study of aneurysm formation of glutaraldehyde-tanned human umbilical vein grafts.

To clarify the process of graft degeneration and aneurysm formation we reviewed the angiographic and pathologic findings of three cases where aneurysms developed in glutaraldehyde-tanned human umbilical vein grafts. Seven aneurysms were detected in these three grafts 4 years after implantation. Six aneurysms originated from the bodies of the grafts and one originated from the factory-created anastomosis required for fabrication. Wrinkling and segmentation of the dilated graft documented by arteriography corresponded to mural dissection of the graft wall. Large protrusions near the aneurysms were revealed to be the transmurally dissected graft walls. At the site of dissection, blood escaped through the surrounding mesh of the graft to form a preaneurysmal change. Two aneurysms developed without breakdown of the outer mesh. The aneurysm of factory-created sutures was caused by tearing of the graft wall. Degeneration of human umbilical vein grafts, which appears to ensue inevitably with the passage of time after implantation, leads to the tear of the graft wall and transmural dissection to form aneurysm. In our department, candidates for human umbilical vein graft implantation have recently been restricted to the patients whose life expectancy is limited to only a few years because of the risk of aneurysm formation.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Preventive effect of vinpocetine on calcifications: atherosclerosis in experimental rabbits.

The action of vinpocetine (14-ethoxycarbonyl-(3 alpha, 16 alpha-ethyl)-14, 15 eburnamine) on calcifications in liver, kidney, and CNS tissues from cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in 16 experimental rabbits was studied. Three of 4 groups (4 rabbits each group) feeding on a cholesterol-rich diet developed atherosclerosis after 3 months. Two of the 4 groups were also fed vinpocetine supplements and analysis by neutron activation method showed a decrease in calcium content in CNS tissues and in liver and kidney. Results suggest that vinpocetine acts to decalcify cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic lesions in these tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Gastric microcirculatory change and development of acute gastric mucosal lesions (stress ulcer).

Concerning the pathogenesis of acute gastric mucosal lesions, gastric microcirculatory change has drawn attention as an important factor. In view of this fact, gastric mucosal blood flow and microvascular structure were investigated in normal and in burn stressed rats. Moreover, alterations in acid and pepsin activities in by morphological and biochemical procedures in order to evaluate the relationship between defensive and aggressive factors of the gastric mucosa. Gastric mucosal blood flow decreased significantly in early period after induction of stress (p less than 0.01). The incidence of ulceration showed a correlative relation with the decrease of mucosal blood flow. Reduction of blood flow in burn was due to opening of arteriovenular shunt and it appeared that this was responsible for mucosal ischemia and congestion. Following the decrease of blood flow, acid output was lower in stress than that in control. Finally, the results of these studies demonstrated the importance of defensive factors. The reduction of mucosal blood flow resulted in the sequence of events that led to formation of acute gastric mucosal lesion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of cancer screening from the epidemiologic point of view].

In Japan four kinds of cancer screening programs, namely screening programs for stomach cancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer, have been conducted under the Health and Medical Law for the Aged People. Now, however, it is demonstrated that cancer screening is not always effective in reducing cancer mortality. Therefore, new cancer screening programs, including colo-rectal cancer screening, should be evaluated by a well-designed study, like randomized controlled trial, before implementation as a public health policy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Recovery of marrow myeloid progenitors (CFU-GM) after bone marrow transplantation, especially associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)].

Six patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for treatment of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Hemopoietic reconstitution after BMT was monitored by peripheral blood counts, counts of bone marrow cellularity, bone marrow pictures, and clonal assays for myeloid progenitors (CFU-GM). Although bone marrow samples were markedly hypocellular on day 7 posttransplant, myeloid and erythroid elements were seen in 5 of 6 patients. Peripheral blood recovery of these 5 patients was achieved by third weeks posttransplant. The values of (CFU-GM) per 1 X 10(5) marrow mononuclear cells reached normal values on day 7 in two patients and significantly increased by day 28 in a patient. After day 84 the values of (CFU-GM) were remained almost normal and they had no relation to the occurrence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). But in patients with chronic GVHD, marrow (CFU-GM) values were significantly increased on day 7 and day 14. These results suggest that marrow (CFU-GM) values by day 28 may predict the occurrence of chronic GVHD.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1989

[The development of health risk appraisal for Japanese as a new health educational tool].

Health risk appraisal (HRA) is a new health educational tool widely-used in the United States, which informs clients about how their health habits and lifestyles affect their probability of dying from potentially preventable causes and helps to motivate them to reduce their personal health risks. It personalizes mortality statistics and epidemiologic data by combining these data with a person's risk factors. We have got started the development of HRA for Japanese with reference to a new version of HRA named "Healthier People" revised by the Carter Center of Emory University and the Centers for Disease Control in the United States.

Health Education↗
PubMed1989

[The role of epidemiologic research of the natural history of cancer for evaluating cancer screening programs--a prospective study of colorectal polyps on the occurrence of colorectal cancer].

In order to elucidate the natural history of colorectal polyps and to examine the effectiveness of endoscopic polypectomy in reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients who had undergone endoscopic examination at the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka in 1970-82. The study subjects consist of 653 non-polyp cases and 431 colorectal polyp cases including 222 cases treated by endoscopic polypectomy. These were followed up until the end of 1985 by the method of a record linkage with the Osaka Cancer Registry's file. The colorectal polyp group and the endoscopic polypectomy group experienced 4.4 and 2.9 times, respectively, as much incidence of colorectal cancer as the non-polyp group. The magnitude of the prevented fraction by the use of endoscopic polypectomy was estimated at 31.3%. A large-scale and long-term study is necessary to elucidate the original study purpose.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The inhibitory effect of elastase on calcium increase in brain and spinal cord of rabbits with atherosclerosis induced by cholesterol-rich diet].

The aim of present experiment was to investigate the decalcified effects of exogenous elastase in liver, kidney and central nervous system (CNS) of rabbits with atherosclerosis experimentally induced by the modified procedure of Kritchevsky et al. Twenty five male rabbits, weighing approximately 2 kg, were divided into 6 groups. Animals were fed for 3 months with standard diet (group A), standard diet containing 1.5% cholesterol (group B) and 1.5% cholesterol-rich diet plus intraperitoneal (ip) daily administration of elastase 450 EL. U/kg (group C). Another groups were kept for 6 months with standard diet (group D), standard diet containing 0.67% cholesterol (group E) and 0.67% cholesterol-rich diet plus same dose of elastase (group F). The rabbits treated with cholesterol-rich diet were confirmed to be induced atherosclerosis biochemically as well as histologically. All groups were maintained under these conditions for experimental periods and allowed tap water. After 3 and 6 months, blood collected by cardiocentesis using ether anesthesia and then sacrificed to remove CNS and internal organs. Blood had stood for 1 hour at room temperature. Serum was separated by centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 10 min to determine total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids, HDL-cholesterol, and so on. Calcium contents in the cerebral frontal lobe, cerebellum, pons, spinal cord, liver and kidney were measured by neutron activation analysis method. In this experiment the amelioration of atherosclerosis by ip administration of elastase was ascertained. In rabbits given cholesterol-rich diet, calcium content in CNS tissues was higher than that of another tissues and paralleled to a rise of serum cholesterol level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case-control study of stomach cancer in young females, with special reference to the effects of pregnancy and delivery].

To investigate the effects of pregnancy and delivery on stomach carcinogenesis, we have conducted a case-control study. The cases consisted of females aged 34 or below who had been histologically diagnosed as having a stomach cancer, covering a period from 1967 to 1986 at the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka. Our birth-year-matched controls were selected from female examinees who had undergone a gastroendoscopy in 1986. In this manner, a total of 79 cases and 158 controls were obtained. For women in the age group from 30 to 34, a history of their pregnancies and deliveries seemed to have protective effects on stomach carcinogenesis (RR = 0.36, P less than 0.05), whereas for those in the age group under 30, it appeared to be a risk factor for stage IV stomach cancer (RR = 4.42, P less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.

We cloned and sequenced the full-length cDNA for human placental beta-galactosidase. The 2379-nucleotide sequence contains 2031 nucleotides which encode a protein of 677 amino acids. The amino acid sequence includes a putative signal sequence of 23 amino acids and 7 potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites. The cDNA in the expression vector pSVL was used to transfect COS cells. Expression of the cDNA in transfected COS cells produced immunoprecipitable proteins and led to an increase in beta-galactosidase activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Expression of human cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor cDNA in receptor-negative mouse P388D1 cells following gene transfer.

We recently reported the cDNA cloning, sequence, and expression of the human cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (hCI-MPR) (Oshima, A., Nolan, C. M., Kyle, J. W., Grubb, J. H., and Sly, W. S. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 2553-2562). The sequence of the hCI-MPR was virtually identical to that of the human insulin-like growth factor II receptor cDNA (Morgan, D. O., Edman, J. C., Standring, D. N., Fried, V. A., Smith, M. C., Roth, R. A., and Rutter, W. J. (1987) Nature 329, 301-307). To test the role of the putative bifunctional receptor in intracellular sorting of acid hydrolases, we studied its effect on lysosomal enzyme transport following gene transfer to receptor-negative cells. Receptor-negative mouse P388D1 cells were transfected with a cDNA construct containing the entire coding sequence of hCI-MPR under the control of the mouse metallothionine I promoter. Stable transformants were isolated and characterized. The expressed hCI-MPR was localized in membranes including the plasma membrane, bound mannose 6-phosphate containing ligands, and mediated endocytosis which could be specifically blocked by mannose 6-phosphate. We next measured the effect of the expressed hCI-MPR on intracellular and secreted acid hydrolases. The intracellular activity of the lysosomal marker enzymes beta-glucuronidase and beta-hexosaminidase increased up to 2-fold following transformation. In addition, expression of the receptor greatly reduced the fraction of acid hydrolases secreted. These phenotypic changes in the transformed cell lines support the proposed role of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor in intracellular sorting and targeting of lysosomal enzymes.

Animals↗