Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Oshima

Publications and source records attributed to A Oshima.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Two cases of malignant lymphoma with initial symptoms like orbital cellulitis and complicated by hemophagocytosis].

We reported 2 patients with malignant lymphoma complicated by hemophagocytic syndrome. Their clinical signs at onset were those of orbital cellulitis. Lymphoma complicated with hemophagocytosis is called lymphoma-associated hemophagocytosis syndrome (LAHS) and its prognosis is reported to be very poor. So far as we know, this is the first report in the ophthalmological field. In our patients, we suspected that the lesions occurred from the orbit or skin of this area. The first patient was a 22-year-old man and the second patient a 16-year-old girl. The diagnosis was very difficult at the onset of disease. Within 6 months after the first opthalmological examination, both died. When orbital cellulitis is suspected and antibiotic therapy is ineffective, we should suspect hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) and should examine serum ferritin which is a good markers of HPS. Early biopsy and consultation with a hematologist are very important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Rapid detection and identification of human adenovirus directly from conjunctival scrapings by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis].

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis were combined for detection and identification of adenovirus (Ad), a common agent of conjunctivitis in Japan. Nested-PCR with two primer sets that hybridize to the conserved region for hexon protein of 14 prototypes of Ad serotype 1 to 8, 11, 14, 19, 37, 40, and 41, amplified 956 bps DNA fragment. The amplified fragments from 14 prototypes were completely differentiated with the combination of three restriction endonucleases, Eco T14I, Hae III, and Hin fI. We applied this new method to 70 conjunctival scrapings from patients with conjunctivitis, and compared the results with those of the combination of culture isolation and neutralization test. PCR was positive in 38 out of 70 samples (54.3%), whereas 33 of 70 samples (47.1%) were positive by cell culture. Compared with cell culture isolation, the PCR method had a sensitivity of 100% (33 of 33). Positive PCR samples were further classified into Ad 37 (44.7%), 3 (39.5%), 11 (7.9%), 8 (5.3%), and 4 (2.6%) by PCR-RFLP analysis. Of five samples that were PCR positive and cell culture negative, three samples were Ad 37 and two were Ad 8 by PCR-RFLP analysis. These differentiations of cell culture positive samples were identical to the results of the neutralization test. It took only about three days to detect and identify Ad by PCR-RFLP analysis, whereas it took at least two weeks by culture isolation and neutralization test. Our newly developed method of detecting and typing human Ad by PCR-RFLP analysis is more sensitive, accurate, and prompt than the conventional cell culture isolation and neutralization test.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1995

Myocardial damage after successful thrombolysis is associated with the duration of ST re-elevation at reperfusion.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of ST re-elevation at reperfusion using strict criteria for patient inclusion and exclusion. Twenty-nine patients who had a first anterior infarction with single-vessel disease, successful recanalization by intracoronary thrombolysis (ICT) with urokinase, and an angiographically confirmed patent infarct-related artery after 4 weeks, were divided into three groups according to the deviation of the ST segment at reperfusion: Group A, 10 patients with sustained ST re-elevation; Group B, 10 patients with transient ST re-elevation; and Group C, 9 patients with ST reduction. Left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated from cineventriculograms performed in the 30 degrees right anterior projection 4 weeks after ICT. LV ejection fraction and regional wall motion of the infarct area, evaluated by the centerline method (SD/chords), were significantly lower in Group A (44 +/- 10%, -3.2 +/- 0.4) than in Group B (61 +/- 9%, -1.9 +/- 0.7) and Group C (60 +/- 5%, -2.0 +/- 0.4) (p < 0.01). Peak creatine kinase (CK) activity was significantly higher in Group A (5848 +/- 2112 IU) than in Group B (2485 +/- 1254 IU) and Group C (1889 +/- 1525 IU) (p < 0.05). These data suggest that a sustained ST re-elevation at reperfusion was strongly associated with marked LV dysfunction and higher peak CK activity. It was concluded that sustained, not transient, ST re-elevation associated with successful reperfusion indicates extensive myocardial damage.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Phosphorylation of HS1, GAP-associated p190 and a novel GAP-associated p60 protein by cross-linking of Fc gamma RIIIA.

Human Fc gamma receptor IIIA (hFc gamma RIIIA) cDNA was introduced into mouse macrophage/monocyte cell line P388D1, and several stable cell clones expressing hFc gamma RIIIA were isolated. This facilitated the study of the biological function of Fc gamma RIIIA in monocytes/macrophages. The cloned cells showed the high phagocytic activity mediated by hFc gamma-RIIIA, while the original P388D1 cells did not. In order to examine the phosphorylation of proteins involved in hFc gamma RIIIA signal transduction, these receptors were stimulated by cross-linking. The cross-linking of hFc gamma RIIIA induced a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, including PLC-gamma 1, Syk, HS1, and p21rasGAP-associated p190 and p60 proteins. Immunoblotting with a polyclonal antibody specific for the GAP-associated p62 protein, which was originally found in fibroblasts and is homologous with an RNA-binding protein, revealed that the p60 phosphorylated after cross-linking of hFc gamma RIIIA seemed to represent a novel GAP-associated protein unrelated to the known GAP-associated p62 protein, which was also present in the P388D1 cells.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed1995

The axial distribution of nicotine content along hair shaft as an indicator of changes in smoking behaviour: evaluation in a smoking-cessation programme with or without the aid of nicotine chewing gum.

1. Hair samples were obtained from subjects at the end of a 6 month smoking-cessation programme carried out with (n = 16) or without (n = 10) the aid of nicotine chewing gum. The axial distribution of nicotine along the hair shaft was determined and compared both with the self-report of smoking behavior and with the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in expired air measured at 1 month intervals. 2. A gradual decrease in nicotine content along the hair shaft corresponded to the decrease in self-reported number of cigarettes smoked daily in both the nicotine chewing-gum treated and untreated subjects and with the clinical assessment of abstinence. 3. There was reasonable agreement between the CO content of expired air, the self-reported number of cigarettes smoked daily and the axial distribution of nicotine in 22 of 26 subjects. In the other four subjects there was an apparent disagreement between the CO content of expired air and the other parameters. 4. This study showed that, as a routine marker of smoking status, hair analysis may be preferable to repeated CO measurements since only a single sample at the end of an abstinence programme might be sufficient. However, one problem is that nicotine may dissociate slowly from melanin to limit the ability to mark a sudden cessation of smoking. Also, some nicotine in hair might be attributable to nicotine adsorbed to the outside of hair.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Clinical and molecular analysis of a Japanese boy with Morquio B disease.

Morquio B disease was found in a 15-year-old Japanese boy who presented with progressive generalized skeletal dysplasia without neurological manifestations. Mild keratan sulfaturia was found, and beta-galactosidase was deficient in fibroblasts. Gene analysis revealed two mutant alleles, 83Tyr-->His (Y83H) and 482Arg-->Cys (R482C). The former expressed a low enzyme activity (2-5% of normal), and the latter expressed no detectable enzyme activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Development and evaluation of self-study material for smoking prevention education].

A booklet for smoking prevention education was developed for junior high school students, which is a role-play activity book for self-study and discusses not only the harmful effects and dependency of smoking but also psychosocial factors affecting smoking behavior among students. The purpose of this material is to provide students with basic information needed to choose a non-smoking lifestyle even without a teacher's direct instruction. Process evaluation and impact evaluation studies were carried out between September 1991 and September 1992. Six hundred sixty-nine students and 9 teachers from three junior high schools in Osaka, Tokyo and Yamagata participated in the process evaluation study. More than 90% of the students were able to complete the material in one school hour and less than 4% students expressed difficulty in learning from the booklet. Nine hundred seventy-seven students from 2 junior high schools in Tokyo participated in an intervention study to evaluate the effectiveness of the material. There were 500 students in the experimental school and 477 students in the control school. All students were given a pretest and posttest, 2 months apart. Knowledge concerning smoking increased and attitudes toward smoking were modified significantly in the experimental school. However, intention to smoke and smoking behavior did not change significantly, due to the small numbers of students with intention to smoke at the time of pretest and because there was not enough time for their intention to change. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the material in junior high school. However, teacher participation during the instruction is also seen to be necessary for greater effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Prevention of lung cancer through smoking control activities in Japan].

Three kinds of smoking cessation programs have been developed by the Osaka Cancer Prevention and Detection Center. The first program is "Smoking Quit Contest," in which self-help materials are mailed to applicants and prizes are given by lot to those who succeed in quitting. The second program is a "Smokebusters" smoking cessation program designed for outpatients. The third program is designed for people undergoing screening during routine health check-ups, which are widely conducted in communities and workplace in Japan. To reduce lung cancer mortality in Japan, smoking cessation programs such as those described here should be widely implemented and the prevalence of smoking among men in Japan should be reduced at least to the levels in the U.S. and in western Europe.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Active oxygen species generation by circulating leukocytes and gastric submucosal microcirculatory disturbances in the early period after thermal injury.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the pattern of microcirculatory disturbance to investigate the causes of gastric mucosal blood flow depression in the early period after thermal injury. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized and a 30% full skin-thickness dorsal burn was inflicted. Active oxygen species (AOS) generated by circulating leukocytes were measured by chemiluminescence. Contraction of arterioles and venules was observed by intravital microscopy, and rolling or sticking of leukocytes in venules was counted using fluorescence microscopy. AOS generation by circulating leukocytes was diminished and arteriolar contraction and increases in rolling or sticking leukocytes in venules were observed 15 min after thermal injury. Decreased AOS generation by circulating leukocytes, contractions of arterioles, and increased rolling or sticking of leukocytes in venules was observed in the early period after thermal injury. Arteriolar contraction may explain decreases in mucosal blood flow. Moreover, decreased AOS generation by circulating leukocytes does not obviate the potential participation of leukocytes in microcirculatory disturbances, because rolling or sticking leukocytes were increased significantly 15 min after thermal injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Intracellular processing and maturation of mutant gene products in hereditary beta-galactosidase deficiency (beta-galactosidosis).

Heterogeneous patterns of biosynthesis, posttranslational processing, and degradation were demonstrated for mutant enzymes in three clinical forms of beta-galactosidase deficiency (beta-galactosidosis): juvenile GM1-gangliosidosis, adult GM1-gangliosidosis, and Morquio B disease. The precursor of the mutant enzyme in adult GM1-gangliosidosis was not phosphorylated, and only a small portion of the gene product reached the lysosomes. The enzyme in Morquio B disease was normally processed and transported to lysosomes, but its catalytic activity was low. A common gene mutation in juvenile GM1-gangliosidosis (R201C) produced an enzyme protein that did not aggregate with protective protein in the lysosome, and was rapidly degraded by thiol proteases. This abnormal turnover was similar to that for the normal but dissociated beta-galactosidase in galactosialidosis. Protease inhibitors restored the enzyme activity in fibroblasts of this clinical form. A possible therapeutic approach is discussed for this specific type of enzyme deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Normal serum beta-galactosidase in juvenile GM1 gangliosidosis.

GM1 gangliosidosis is a genetic disease with lysosomal beta-galactosidase deficiency caused by mutations of the gene coding for this enzyme. However, apparently normal enzyme activity was found in plasma or serum from juvenile GM1 gangliosidosis patients homozygous for a mutation, R201C (201Arg-->Cys), after clotting for 30 min. This extracellular fluid finding is unusual in patients with primary and genetic deficiency of beta-galactosidase. The serum enzyme activity became relatively low only after 3 1/2-hour clotting because its increase in normal controls was not observed in these patients. beta-Galactosidase assay is not always reliable, particularly with serum or plasma as an enzyme source, for the diagnosis of hereditary beta-galactosidase deficiency, unless it is conducted under well-controlled conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A critical review of cancer screening programs in Japan.

In Japan, screening programs for various cancers have been eagerly conducted as part of public health policy. However, these programs have not always produced the results that were originally expected. To improve the ill-planned and unscientific state of the current programs in Japan, two proposals are made.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Immunological findings and thyroid function of untreated Graves' disease patients with undetectable TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin.

OBJECTIVE: TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) is undetectable in about 10% of untreated Graves' disease patients, but the clinical characteristics and immunological significance of this finding are unknown. In this study we evaluated the clinical characteristics of TBII negative Graves' disease. PATIENTS: We examined TBII in 1048 untreated patients at Kuma hospital from 1986 to 1990 and found 69 TBII undetectable patients (12 men and 57 women, mean age +/- SEM 35 +/- 2 years, group A). MEASUREMENTS: We compared the clinical characteristics and immunological findings of group A with 57 untreated TBII detectable Graves' patients who were selected randomly (11 men and 46 women, mean age +/- SEM 40 +/- 2 years, group B). T4, TSH, FT4, FT3, 123I thyroid uptake, TBII, thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and the volume of the thyroid using ultrasonography were measured at the first visit. RESULTS: Serum T4, FT4 and FT3 levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (P < 0.001). The values of TSAb in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (593 +/- 67 (mean +/- SE) vs 2143 +/- 280%, respectively, P < 0.001). The 123I thyroid uptake in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (53.1 +/- 1.1 vs 61.4 +/- 1.4%, respectively, P < 0.01). The thyroid volume in group A was significantly smaller than that in group B (39.1 +/- 3.0 vs 51.3 +/- 3.3 ml, respectively, P < 0.01). TSAb was undetectable in about 10% (6) of the TBII negative untreated Graves' patients at their first visit. CONCLUSION: In the present study, untreated TBII negative patients with Graves' disease were characterized by mild elevation of thyroid hormones, mildly elevated 123I uptake, weak TSAb activities and small goitres. The finding of both TBII and TSAb negative titres in untreated Graves' disease patients was also confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of an anti-beta-galactosidase antibody recognizing a precursor but not a mature enzyme in solution.

A monospecific antibody was raised against a recombinant human 84-kDa beta-galactosidase precursor protein, which had been produced with a baculovirus gene expression system and affinity-purified. It bound to the 64-kDa mature enzyme protein extracted from human fibroblasts and the antigenic recombinant precursor on immunoblotting, but neither the fibroblast-derived mature enzyme nor the 64-kDa mature protein-like tryptic product of the recombinant precursor protein was immunoprecipitated. We conclude that it specifically recognized the precursor but not the mature protein in solution. Immunoprecipitation with this anti-precursor antibody revealed that the precursor protein mainly accounted for the residual enzyme activity in fibroblasts from an adult GM1-gangliosidosis patient, and the mature protein accounted for the activity in fibroblasts from a juvenile GM1-gangliosidosis patient.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Purification and characterization of human lysosomal protective protein expressed in stably transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Chinese hamster ovary cells were transfected with a recombinant DNA containing the entire coding sequence of human lysosomal protective protein cDNA under the control of mouse metallothionein I promoter. Neomycin and methotrexate-resistant stably transformed cell lines expressing this protein were isolated. Immunoprecipitation of the product with antiserum against human placental protective protein-beta-galactosidase complex revealed a 52-kDa protective protein precursor, which was then processed to mature form, a heterodimer of 32- and 20-kDa polypeptides. The precursor secreted in the culture medium was taken up by the mannose 6-phosphate receptor system and restored acid carboxypeptidase, beta-galactosidase, and neuraminidase activities in galactosialidosis fibroblasts. The expressed protein showed a granular pattern in intracellular distribution, was fractionated at the density of lysosomes, and had serine esterase activities; acid carboxypeptidase at pH 5.6, esterase at pH 7.0, and carboxyl-terminal deamidase at pH 7.0. They were inhibited simultaneously by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, or iodoacetamide. The acid carboxypeptidase activity of the purified monomeric mature protective protein was labile in vitro under the acidic condition. Saposins (sphingolipid activator proteins) stabilized the activity at micromolar level concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Fundal atrophic gastritis as a risk factor for gastric cancer.

The role of atrophic gastritis of the gastric corpus (fundal atrophic gastritis) as a high-risk factor was investigated by studying operative findings and follow-up data on 690 patients with benign gastric diseases recorded at the Osaka Cancer Registry. The extent of fundal atrophic gastritis was determined by the endoscopic Congo red test. The patients were followed-up from the time of endoscopic examination (1968 to 1976) to December 31, 1987. The vital status of 654 patients (94.8%) at the end of the observation period was determined. During the follow-up period, 22 patients were found to have gastric cancer. The extent of fundal atrophic gastritis was shown to be closely related with the risk of developing gastric cancer. Patients who had been diagnosed as having severe fundal atrophic gastritis showed significantly higher risk of gastric cancer than patients who had been diagnosed as having little or no fundal atrophic gastritis (5.76-fold, calculated with adjustments for age, sex and the follow-up period). A positive linear relationship was found between the risk of developing gastric cancer and the extent of fundal atrophic gastritis. The observed number of gastric cancers was compared with the expected number calculated from the incidence in Osaka Prefecture. Analysis of the results showed that the observed and expected numbers of gastric cancers in patients with severe fundal atrophic gastritis were 11 and 4.8, respectively, the ratio of observed to expected numbers being 2.3 (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that severe fundal atrophic gastritis is a major risk factor for gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of nicotine content of hair for assessing individual cigarette-smoking behavior.

The concentration of nicotine in hair was measured by a capillary gas chromatograph with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector after hair was dissolved in 2.5 N sodium hydroxide and nicotine was extracted using diethyl ether. In hair samples obtained from 36 smokers, who had smoked > or = 3 years, there was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of nicotine and the number of cigarettes consumed daily (r = 0.685; p < 0.001). The nicotine content of white hair was much less than that of black hair collected from the same subjects with grizzled hair. The above findings were confirmed by an animal experiment, in which nicotine (0.2, 0.6, and 2 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks) was administered intraperitoneally to pigmented rats whose hair had been removed beforehand by plucking from an area of the back of each rat. The hair which grew back in the denuded area was plucked and collected one week after the last administration of nicotine. The nicotine concentration in the brown hair of the back correlated with the given dose (r = 0.824; p < 0.001). In a separate experiment, hairs were removed from areas of back and thorax, and nicotine delivered to the rats for 4 weeks by an osmotic pump implanted under the skin, showing that the concentration in the whitish hair was much lower than that in brown hair. Finally, hair samples were collected from 14 subjects who had participated in a smoking cessation program over 6 months and who abstained from cigarette smoking. The axial distribution of nicotine along the hair shafts was determined for each subject.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗