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Biomedical subjects

A Osawa

Publications and source records attributed to A Osawa.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Clinical studies of the treatment of bladder tumor and its effects--experience in 86 cases].

Prognosis on evaluable 86 patients with primary bladder tumor seen during the 10 years up to 1985 was evaluated in relation to treatment mode and tumor stage. The majority of patients underwent multimodal therapies including surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy with picibanil (OK432). Transurethral resection of the tumor was performed as an initial surgical treatment in 49 patients, 9 of whom ultimately underwent total cystectomy. After leaving hospital, these patients were kept on immunotherapy with OK432 and topical chemotherapy with bladder instillation of mitomycin C or adriamycin (ADM) with or without systemic administration of Tegefur as long as possible. The overall actual 5-year survival rate for the patients treated by initial transurethral resection was 80%. Recurrence rate for these 49 patients was 35%. Total cystectomy with urinary diversion was performed in 37 patients who had been placed postoperatively on systemic administration of Tegafur and immunotherapy with OK 432 as long as possible. The overall actual 5-year survival rate for the patients treated with total cystectomy was 54%. The patients with pT2 and lower stage tumor had an actual 5 year survival rate of 72%, while the patients with pT3 and higher stage tumors had a survival of 10%. The high recurrence rate in the patients with superficial tumor and the low actual survival rate of the patients with pT3 and higher stage remain a problem in the treatment of bladder tumor. In recent trials, bacillus Calmette-Gúerin instillation therapy has been initiated to lower the recurrence rate in superficial tumor and we have had a satisfactory 4-year result.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Heterogeneity of a KU-2 cell line derived from human renal cell carcinoma--differential susceptibilities of its sublines to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity].

Natural killer (NK) cell activity against 4 different sublines of a permanent cell line KU-2 derived from human renal cell carcinoma were measured by 51Cr-release assay and single cell binding assay. KU-2 and its sublines exhibited different susceptibilities of interferon (IFN)-augmented NK cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, 2 out of 4 sublines changed in susceptibility to NK cell cytotoxicity in a few months. Along with the direct assay for NK cell activity, frequency and kinetics of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against 3 sublines were studied by single cell binding assay where spontaneous killing of target cells was directly visualized by the reading of trypan blue uptake into target cells among effector-target cell conjugates. The frequency of killer cells among conjugates was dependent on the susceptibility of the sublines to the IFN-augmented NK cell cytotoxicity. These results suggested the following: KU-2 cell line was not homogeneous but composed of a heterogeneous population of cells and even in one subline derived from a clone, the cells with different susceptibilities to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity developed spontaneously in ordinary culture conditions with the passage of a certain period of time.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1984

[Indications of extracorporeal surgery (autotransplantation) for upper urinary tumors and renal calculi].

Renal preservation and cure of bilateral occurrence of renal tumors or stones as well as occurrence in solitary kidney put all urologists on the thorns of dilemma. Application of extracorporeal surgery resulting in autotransplantation of the kidney for such complicated cases seems useful. Case 1 was a bilateral renal Wilms' tumors in a 17-month-old boy, case 2 and 3 were undiagnosed tumors in renal pelvis and ureter. Extracorporeal surgery enables an accurate partial nephrectomy and yet helps to avoid not only the dissemination of tumor cells, but also undesired nephrectomy in case of benign origin. On the contrary, bilateral nephrectomy followed by dialysis or homo-transplantation will result in an immunosuppressive state and the radicality may only be temporary. Besides, the 5-year survival of dialysis therapy is in the range of 60-65%. Thus the indication of autotransplantation was signified in the tumor situation of case 1. For the 2nd and 3rd cases, this method seems to be the best in satisfying the dilemma in discussion. Likewise, the complicated renal calculi could be completely removed without further deterioration of renal function if they were extracorporeally treated and autotransplanted. We proved that 83% of the difficult stones can be completely removed under hypothermia in situ. For application of autotransplantation to the calculous disease, we feel observation of contraindication is essential for better results at this stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

High risk ratio on mortality and characteristics of malignancies in dialysis patients.

A questionnaire study was done in order to clarify the risk ratios on the mortality of malignancy and the characteristics of malignancies in dialysis patients. The risk ratios were 4.2 times in males and 7.5 times in females greater than those among the age adjusted general population respectively. The average interval from the first dialysis to the clinical onset of malignant disease was 12 months. About a half of the patients died within 3 months. Frequencies of death in colon cancer, especially rectum, uterus and liver were higher in dialysis patients. Dialysis patients died of malignancies belonged to the older group of the dialysis patient population, however they were younger comparing with those died of malignancies in the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Dialyzing room disinfection with ultra-violet irradiation.

Infections represent a major problem in dialysis treatment, thus the dialyzing room should be kept abacterial as possible. We have installed 15-watt ultra-violet (U-V.) lamps for every 13.5 m2 on the ceiling for the purpose of the room disinfection and used them for 16 hours nightly after working hours. Bacteria were killed with over 10 hours irradiation even at the areas of low U-V. intensity where the irradiation may not be direct. This unexpected effectiveness might be from the influence of reflected rays and 03 produced. When half the lamps were turned on, the bacteriocidal effect was not sufficient in some areas. Any living organism with nucleic acids must be inactivated by this treatment, for the baceteriocidal effect is due to the nucleic acids injury. Furthermore, safety, readiness after the treatment, easy application and the negligible costs would make this method more advantageous to the other methods in room disinfection.

Bacterial Infections↗