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Biomedical subjects

A Oliven

Publications and source records attributed to A Oliven.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Primary ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction: an assessment of predictability and prognosis.

In order to identify patients with a high risk of developing primary ventricular fibrillation (PVF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to examine the prognostic significance of this arrhythmia, 46 patients who developed PVF were compared to a group of 80 patients who had AMI without PVF. A computerized, multivariate discriminant analysis identified several significant correlates of PVF. Higher rates of hypokalemia, complete left bundle branch block, 3rd-degree AV block and a lower frequency of diabetes were found in the PVF group. No difference was found with respect to the frequency of warning arrhythmias. A discriminant function constructed on the basis of the significant variables had a 4.3% false-negative rate in predicting PVF. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation occurred in nine patients, four of whom died. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the PVF than in the control group. As PVF is associated, in part, with treatable derangements and increased mortality, every endeavor should be made to prevent its occurrence.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Mechanisms underlying CO2 retention during flow-resistive loading in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The present study examined the respiratory responses involved in the maintenance of eucapnea during acute airway obstruction in 12 patients with chronic obstructive disease (COPD) and 3 age-matched normal subjects. Acute airway obstruction was produced by application of external flow-resistive loads (2.5 to 30 cm H2O/liter per s) throughout inspiration and expiration while subjects breathed 100% O2. Application of loads of increasing severity caused progressive increases in PCO2 in the patients, but the magnitude of the increase in PCO2 varied substantially between subjects. On a resistance of 10 cm H2O/liter per s, the highest load that could be tolerated by all COPD patients, the increase in PCO2 ranged from 1 to 11 mm Hg, while none of the normal subjects retained CO2. Based on the magnitude of the increase in PCO2 the patients could be divided into two groups: seven subjects whose PCO2 increased by less than or equal to 3 mm Hg (group I) and five subjects whose PCO2 increased by greater than 6 mm Hg (group II). Base-line ventilation and the pattern of breathing were similar in the two groups. During loading group I subjects maintained or increased tidal volume while all group II patients decreased tidal volume (VT). The smaller tidal volume in group II subjects was mainly the result of their shorter inspiratory time as the changes in mean inspiratory flow were similar in the two groups. The magnitude of CO2 retention during loading was inversely related to the magnitude of the change in VT (r = -0.91) and inspiratory time (Ti) (r = -0.87) but only weakly related to the change in ventilation (r = -0.53). The changes in PCO2, VT, and Ti during loading correlated with the subjects' maximum static inspiratory pressure, which was significantly lower in group II as compared with group I patients. These results indicate that the tidal volume and respiratory timing responses to flow loads are impaired in some patients with COPD. This impairment, presumably due to poor inspiratory muscle function, appears to lead to CO2 retention during loaded breathing.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Orally and rectally administered streptokinase. Investigation of its absorption and activity.

The absorption and activity of orally and rectally administered streptokinase was investigated. No difference was found between the levels of plasminogen activators and antistreptokinase antibodies before and after oral or rectal administration of streptokinase-streptodornase (Varidase), nor was there any difference in the hematoma resorption times between patients treated with oral streptokinase and a control group. We found no evidence of streptokinase absorption or increased fibrinolytic activity in plasma after oral or rectal administration in our patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

The effect of congesting cuffs on the echo-phonocardiographic findings in mitral valve prolapse.

Changes in left ventricular volume appear to be important in changing the timing and duration of mitral valve prolapse. In this study, simultaneous phonocardiograms and echocardiograms were recorded in 16 patients with late systolic mitral valve prolapse before and after the inflation of congesting cuffs (tourniquets) on the upper and lower extremities. The tourniquet application, known to reduce the venous return, caused a statistically significant movement of the phonocardiographic recorded click toward the first heart sound, associated with reduction of the echocardiographic left and right ventricular and left atrial dimensions. These findings confirm the relationship between the mitral valve prolapse and left ventricular dimension and suggest that a decrease in left ventricular volume is a tenable explanation for the earlier onset of prolapse.

Cardiac Volume↗
PubMed1980

Influence of varying inspired oxygen tensions on the pulmonary venous admixture (shunt) of mechanically ventilated patients.

Pulmonary venous admixture (shunt) was measured in 10 mechanically ventilated patients with respiratory failure at varying oxygen tensions. All patients manifested a drop in pulmonary shunt as FIO2 was increased from 0.21 to 0.4. Further increase in FIO2 led to a gradual increase in the calculated venous admixture. The clinical significance of the conventional measurements of pulmonary shunt at FIO2 = 1.0 is questionable because of the marked effect of FIO2 on pulmonary shunt. Consequently, shunt measurements should be performed with the clinically useful FIO2.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on intrapulmonary shunt at different levels of fractional inspired oxygen.

In 10 patients undergoing ventilation, venous admixture was measured at different values of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The measurements were performed at the level of fractional inspired oxygen (FIO2) at which each patient was ventilated, and at FIO2=1. In patients ventilated at FIO2 between 0.21 and 0.3 venous admixture was not modified by PEEP, while in patients ventilated with FIO2 between 0.4 and 0.6, venous admixture decreased significantly (p less than 0.01). With FIO2=1, increased PEEP produced a reduction in venous admixture in all cases (p less than 0.05). These observations suggest that in patients similar to ours, PEEP does not reduce venous admixture at low levels of FIO2 (0.21--0.3), and the observed reduction with PEEP at FIO2=1 may be misinterpreted.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Hypopituitarism after aseptic cavernous sinus thrombosis.

A 44-year-old man developed aseptic thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses. He recovered but 3 months later presented a clinical and laboratory picture of pituitary insufficiency. After 3 years of hormonal replacement therapy, he was in good physical condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Etiopathology and classification of acquired coagulation disorders in the newborn infant.

In the newborn period low vitamin K dependent coagulation factors are frequently found in connection with normal global tests. To investigate this peculiar coagulation status studies were performed in 54 newborns who were divided into three groups according to their clinical course and the existence of bleeding. The results are compared to coagulation tests used for the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). An early sign of an increased turnover of coagulation factors is a difference in the fibrinogen concentration determined by an immunological technique and a coagulation test which is sensible to fibrin(ogen)-degradation-products (FDP'S). At this stage factor II, V and VII levels are still within the normal range suggesting an increased production. In a more severe disturbance of the clotting system the increased turnover is no longer compensated by an increased production, and platelets and later on factor II and VII levels are lowered. At this early stage of DIC the vitamin K dependent factors are correlated to the factors I and V. Finally factors I and V drop as well. This stage in most infants is accompanied by the clinical symptom of bleeding. The clotting tests results are well correlated to the severity of the disease.

Blood Coagulation Disorders↗