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Biomedical subjects

A Okken

Publications and source records attributed to A Okken.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Transcutaneous oxygen tension of newborn infants in different behavioral states.

Transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) was continuously monitored, and behavioral state was evaluated in a group of 10 normal preterm infants and 10 normal term infants. In the preterm infant group, birth weight was 1505 +/- 154 g, gestational age was 32.3 +/- 2.3 wk, and postnatal age was 8.4 +/- 5.1 days (mean +/- S.D.). In the term infant group, birth weight was 3245 +/- 247 g, gestational age was 39.9 +/- 0.3 wk, and postnatal age was 6.3 +/- 3.4 days (mean +/- S.D.). A mean tcPO2 level for each behavioral state in each infant was calculated, and a paired comparison between all states was made. In the preterm and term infant groups, mean tcPO2 levels were higher in state 1 ("quiet sleep"), state 4 ("active awake state"), and state 5 ("crying") than during state 2 ("active sleep"). The difference (delta tcPO2) was significant (P < 0.05). In the preterm infant group, mean tcPO2 level in state 2 was 62.9 +/- 17.1 mm Hg (mean +/- S.D.). Mean delta tcPO2 in state 1 was +5.4 mm Hg (range, -0.9 to +9.2 mm Hg), mean delta tcPO2 in state 4 was +6.8 mm Hg (range, +0.6 to +20.2 mm Hg), and in state 5 was +9.9 mm Hg (range, +5.1 to +17.5 mm Hg). In the term infant group, mean tcPO2 level in state 2 was 64.5 +/- 9.6 mm Hg (mean +/- S.D.). Mean delta tcPO2 in state 1 was +5.8 mm Hg (range, -1.2 to +11.0 mm Hg), mean delta tcPO2 in state 4 was +8.1 mm Hg (range, +2.2 to +32.3 mm Hg), and mean delta tcPO2 in state 5 was +7.3 mm Hg (range, -1.6 to +26.5 mm Hg). There was insufficient data to evaluate tcPO2 levels during state 3 ("quiet awake state"). In the term infant group, the effect of bottle feeding on tcPO2 was also assessed. Gross alterations in tcPO2 during bottle feeding were not observed, and mean tcPO2 levels during bottle feeding (76.1 +/- 8.5 mm Hg; mean +/- S.D.) were not significantly different from mean tcPO2 levels found during states 1, 4, and 5.

Behavior↗
PubMed1980

The Bishop-Koop anastomosis-a find in pediatric surgery.

A technique of intestinal anastomosis, developed for the treatment of meconium ileus, was used by the authors in the treatment of neonates suffering from various other intestinal anomalies such as atresia, volvulus and apple-peel syndrome. This technique was used in 6 neonates to make a safe intestinal reconstruction.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Arterial oxygen tension during active and quiet sleep in the normal neonate.

The effect of sleep state on arterial oxygen tension was determined in ten healthy term infants by means of continuous transcutaneous PO2 monitoring. In all ten infants, PaO2 was significantly lower and more variable during active as compared to quiet sleep. This fall in PaO2 during active sleep was accompanied by asynchronous (or paradoxical) chest wall movement. These findings may be important in our understanding of the higher incidence of apnea during active sleep in both preterm and term infants.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Intermittent bag ventilation of preterm infants on continuous positive airway pressure: The effect on transcutaneous PO2.

Preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome requiring continuous positive airway pressure are frequently assisted with intermittent bag ventilation. We assessed the effect of intermittent bag ventilation on PO2 in these infants by continuous monitoring with a transcutaneous oxygen electrode. The behavior of the infants during bagging determined the effect on PO2. Bag ventilation decreased PO2 significantly (P less than 0.01) in infants who were restless during bagging, whereas a significant increase in PO2 (P less than 0.02) was observed in infants who were quiet while being bagged. Although the duration of the increase in PO2 was variable, a sustained rise (greater than 20 minute) occurred in almost half of the infants studied. Intermittent bag ventilation appears to be beneficial in infants who remain quiet during the bagging period.

Arteries↗
PubMed1978

Effect of lung volume on expiratory time in the newborn infant.

The effect of an increased end-expiratory lung volume on inspiratory and expiratory duration was examined in 13 term infants at 4, 30, and 70 h of age. This was accomplished by the administration of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 0, 3, and 6 cmH2O by use of a face mask connected to a pneumotachometer, and by measurement of the timing of the respiratory cycle over 1-min intervals. At increasing functional residual capacity (FRC) there was a progressive increase in expiratory time (TE) and fall in respiratory rate, with a variable effect on inspiratory time (TI). As CPAP increased from 0 to 6 cmH2O, the TI/TE ratio fell from 0.75 to 0.62 (P less than 0.01), 0.90 to 0.66 (P less than 0.001), and 0.87 to 0.64 (P less than 0.001) at 4, 30, and 70 h, respectively. We conclude that alterations in end-expiratory lung volume significantly alter expiratory duration in the newborn infant at term. This may be analogous to the vagally mediated tonic control of expiratory time with changing FRC recently described in anesthetized animals.

Functional Residual Capacity↗
PubMed1975

Antepartum diagnosis of the "terminal" fetal state by cardiotocography.

Since 1969 it has been the policy of this department to perform regular cardiotocograms on all patients admitted during the antenatal period for severe hypertension, with or without proteinuria, and on those in whom poor intrauterine fetal growth was suspected. In five such patients where the fetus died in utero, beat-to-beat variation was reduced and late decelerations were observed. In a further twelve patients similar changes made delivery by elective Caesarean section appear advisable. Half of the infants so delivered had severe metabolic acidosis at birth.

Acidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Large volume instillation of surfactant during extracorporeal life support improves lung function in lung lavaged rabbits.

The sometimes limited effect of surfactant therapy in neonates might be explained in part by an non homogeneous distribution of the surfactant after endotracheal instillation. This distribution can be improved significantly by increasing the fluid volume. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two methods for gas exchange during a large volume instillation of surfactant on the outcome of this treatment in lung lavaged rabbits. In the control group (n = 6) gas exchange was maintained with continuous positive pressure ventilation (CV), whereas in the other group gas exchange was established with extracorporeal life support (ECLS) (n = 6) and intermittent sighs. Five hours after surfactant administration, an identical weaning procedure was started in both groups. The authors found significantly higher PaO2 values in the ECLS group than in the control group in the normocarbia state. All animals in the ECLS group could be weaned to room air maintaining normal blood gases, whereas all the animals in the control group died in the course of weaning. The ventilator efficiency index was significantly higher during the weaning period in the ECLS group, indicating better lung function, than in the control group. The authors conclude that a large volume instillation of surfactant is feasible by applying ECLS and intermittent sighs. Additional studies are needed to elucidate if this combined treatment will be an improvement over current surfactant therapy.

Animals↗