CD180 (RP105) in rheumatic diseases.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Antigens, CD↗
Biomedical subjects
A Ohta
Publications and source records attributed to A Ohta.
Difference in B cell activation between dermatomyositis and polymyositis: analysis of the expression of RP105 on peripheral blood B cells.
BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that RP105, a new B cell surface protein, is lost in activated human B cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is a difference in B cell activation between patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and those with polymyositis (PM) using RP105 as a marker. METHODS: The population of RP105 negative B cells (activated B cells) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of seven patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and 11 with polymyositis (PM) was analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The percentage of RP105 negative B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with PM was low (5.8 (SD 2.4)%), similar to that of normal subjects. In contrast, all patients with DM showed increased RP105 negative B cell populations (33.0 (6.9)%). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a patient with DM and active interstitial pneumonitis contained a large number of RP105 negative B cells. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the expansion of RP105 negative B cells is a hallmark of DM, and that B cell activation in DM may be pathogenetically different from that in PM.
Adult↗
Effect of alkylpyrazine derivatives on the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep, picrotoxicin-induced convulsion and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the mouse brain.
The effect of alkylpyrazine derivatives on pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, picrotoxicin-induced convulsion and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in mouse brain were studied. The duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice was dose-dependently increased by 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (DMP). The duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep was also increased by an administration route of intracerebroventricular injection. Sleep duration was also increased by the administration of isomers of DMP, 2-chloro-3,6-dimethylpyrazine (DMP-Cl) and 2-fluoro-3,6-dimethylpyrazine (DMP-F), but 3,6-dimethylpyrazine-2-thiol (DMP-SH) did not affect sleep duration. The interval until the appearance of picrotoxicin-induced convulsion was prolonged by DMP and DMP-Cl. Increased sleep duration was obtained by administering DMP in combination with aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) and diazepam compared to a single injection. The interval until convulsion due to picrotoxin was also prolonged by the administration of DMP combined with diazepam and valproic acid (VPA). The interval until the appearance of bicuculline-induced convulsion was also prolonged by pretreatment with DMP. The GABA level in mouse brain was increased by the administration of AOAA, VPA, DMP and DMP-Cl. These results suggest that DMP and other derivatives may strengthen the GABAnergic system in the brain.
Aminooxyacetic Acid↗
Effect of dietary short-chain fructooligosaccharides on the cecal microflora in gastrectomized rats.
Total gastric resection is known to lead to changes in the microflora in the whole gastrointestinal tract. Dietary short-chain fructooligosaccharides (Sc-FOS) have been shown to also induce a change in the microflora in the large bowel by promoting an increase in the numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus which have beneficial effects on the host. In the present study, 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats received total gastrectomy or laparotomy, and each of these surgically treated groups was randomly divided into two experimental diet groups and given a 7.5% Sc-FOS diet or control diet. Enumeration and identification of the cecal bacteria was performed by using selective and non-selective media. In the gastrectomized rats, the total bacterial count, and the counts of Bacteroidaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were higher than those in the sham-operated rats. Sc-FOS promoted an increase in the numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, In the rats fed on the Sc-FOS diet, the predominant type of bacteria was Lactobacillus and in the rats fed on the control diet, it was Bacteroidaceae irrespective of gastrectomy. We confirmed that both gastrectomy and dietary Sc-FOS changed the composition of cecal microflora in the rats. Dietary Sc-FOS in the gastrectomized rats increased the proportions of Lactobacillus relative to other types of bacteria to levels similar to those seen in healthy normal rats, and decreased the proportion of Bacteroidaceae.
Animals↗
Cooperative effects of exercise training and genistein administration on bone mass in ovariectomized mice.
We reported that genistein, a soybean isoflavone, prevents bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency, without undesirable effects on the uterus. In this study, we examined cooperative effects of genistein administration and running exercise on bone mass in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Female mice aged 7 weeks were either sham-operated or OVX and divided into six groups: (1) sham; (2) OVX; (3) OVX, treated with genistein at a submaximal dose (0.4 mg/day) subcutaneously (G); (4) OVX, exercised on a treadmill daily for 30 minutes/day at 12 m/minute on a 10 degree uphill slope (Ex); (5) OVX, given genistein and exercised (ExG); and (6) OVX, treated with 17beta-estradiol (0.03 microg/day) in the same manner as genistein (E2). Four weeks after intervention, bone mass was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole femur measured by DXA was higher in both the G and the Ex groups than in the OVX group. Furthermore, BMD in the ExG group was significantly higher than that in the groups receiving either intervention alone. Bone area in distal region of the femur was significantly higher in Ex and ExG groups as compared with those in the OVX and G groups. pQCT analysis showed that the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) and periosteum perimeter at midshaft of the femur did not differ in the sham and OVX groups but were significantly higher in Ex and ExG groups. Histomorphometric analysis showed that bone formation rate/bone surface (BFR/BS) was significantly higher in both Ex and ExG groups as compared with that in non-exercised groups. The bone volume (BV/TV) in the distal femoral cancellous bone was lower in the OVX than that in the sham group, and it was restored completely in the ExG group, as in the E2 group. Thickness of the trabecular bone (Tb.Th) was higher in Ex and ExG groups than that in the OVX and G groups. These results indicate that the combined intervention of moderate exercise and the submaximal dose of genistein administration show a cooperative effect in preventing bone loss in OVX mice.
Animals↗
[Autoimmune hepatitis associated with mixed connective tissue disease: report of a case and a review of the literature].
A case is reported of a 29 year old female who had autoimmune hepatitis associated with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). The patient developed MCTD at the age of 19, and was treated with prednisolone. Liver dysfunction developed 7 years later, which exacerbated shortly after the patient suffered intrauterine fetal death during the second trimester of pregnancy. Laboratory data showed negative anti-hepatitis C antibody and hepatitis B antigen, but positive anti-smooth muscle antibody. A liver biopsy showed chronic active hepatitis. Referring to the criteria we diagnosed her as having autoimmune hepatitis. Although hepatomegaly is sometimes observed in MCTD patients, only 5 cases of autoimmune hepatitis associated with MCTD have been reported in the past. In our case, it is of note that autoimmune hepatitis developed while symptoms of MCTD were in remission, and that autoimmune hepatitis exacerbated with the emergence of anti-smooth muscle antibody following the termination of pregnancy.
Adult↗
Lifestyle and sociodemographic risk factors for death among middle-aged and elderly residents in japan from a five-year follow-up cohort study.
To examine the relationship between lifestyle and sociodemographic risk factors and mortality, a population-based prospective cohort study was conducted in two areas of Gunma Prefecture, Japan, and a cohort consisting of 11,565 subjects aged 40-69 at baseline in 1993 was followed. During the five-year follow-up period, 201 men and 103 women died. The relative risks (RRs) of risk factors were estimated by the Cox proportional-hazards model. Significant RRs with multivariate adjustment for all-cause mortality was observed for body mass index (BMI). The curve for the relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality was L-shaped in men and U-shaped in women, with the lowest RRs at a BMI of 22-25 in both men and women. Other significant RRs for all-cause mortality were observed for obesity in the subjects' 30's in both men and women (RR: 2.42 and RR: 2.75), poor perceived health status in men (RR: 4.55), and having had a health examination in the past three years in both men and women (RR: 0.49 and RR: 0.46). These results suggested that increased risk of death was independently associated with a lower BMI, obesity in the subjects' 30's, and not undergoing health examinations, among both men and women, and poor perceived health status among men.
Adult↗
Double-Switch operation for congenitally corrected transposition.
Double-switch operation was performed in 76 patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries at the Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University. Detailed surgical techniques of Mustard and Senning procedures for inlet switch, as well as arterial switch operation, pulmonary reconstruction by direct right ventricular-pulmonary arterial anastomosis, and external conduit repair for outlet switch are described in detail.
Adolescent↗
[An ultrasound biomicroscopic study of eyes after non-penetrating trabeculectomy].
PURPOSES: We studied the control of intraocular pressure(IOP) by various types of blebs after non-penetrating trabeculectomy(NPT) and the difference between bleb formation after penetrating trabeculectomy(PT) and that after NPT. METHODS: The filtering blebs of 45 yeys from 40 patients after NPT were studied using ultrasound biomicroscopy. They were grouped into four types, and the space under the scleral flap was classified into three types. The filtering blebs and the space under the scleral flap were correlated with IOP level. RESULTS: Overall, 40% of the blebs were L(low-reflective) type, 16% H(high-reflective) type, 16% E (encapsulated) type, and 29% F(flattened) type, but in good IOP control cases 59% of the blebs were L type, 14% H type, 14% E type, and 14% F type. L type blebs were found in 94% of eyes with good IOP control. CONCLUSION: Though filtering blebs of the L type could produce sufficient IOP reduction, blebs after NPT showed a greater tendency to become flattened than after PT. Additional systematic therapy must be designed to maintain the L type of filtering blebs after NPT.
Glaucoma↗
[Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous--a case report of adult onset acute angle-closure glaucoma].
BACKGROUND: We report a patient with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(PHPV) who presented with acute angle-closure glaucoma in his adult life. CASE: A 30-year-old man had an attack of acute angle-closure glaucoma associated with retrolenticular fibrous tissue, atrophic retina, and elongated cilliary process in his right eye. RESULT: Ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) study showed iris bowing, shallow anterior chamber, and elongated cilliary body which were being pulled by the retrolenticular mass. The posterior chamber was normal. CONCLUSION: Although the mechanisms of secondary angle-closure glaucoma in PHPV are complicated, we suspected pupillary block resulting from constriction by the retrolenticular mass in this case.
Acute Disease↗
Expression of the bph genes involved in biphenyl/PCB degradation in Pseudomonas sp. KKS102 induced by the biphenyl degradation intermediate, 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid.
The bph genes involved in PCB/biphenyl degradation in Pseudomonas sp. KKS102 are clustered as bphEGFA1A2A3BCDA4R. The bph genes are inducibly expressed in the presence of biphenyl. In order to understand the induction more fully, the inducer of bph gene expression was investigated. To identify the inducer molecule, we constructed four deletion mutants of the structural genes and analyzed the inducibility of the bphE gene in each mutant strain. In the wild-type cell and the bphD deletion mutant, the levels of the bphE transcript were enhanced in the presence of biphenyl. On the other hand, in the bphA, bphB, and bphC deletion mutants, levels of the bphE transcript were not enhanced in the presence of biphenyl. These results demonstrated that the series of reactions catalyzed by biphenyl dioxygenase (BphA), dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (BphB), and 2, 3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase (BphC) are necessary to convert biphenyl to the inducer. It is known that these reactions convert biphenyl to 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid (HOPDA), and it was found that the expression of the bph genes was induced by purified HOPDA. These results clearly indicate that HOPDA is the inducer of the bph genes in KKS102.
Biodegradation, Environmental↗
The cytochrome P450ALK multigene family of an n-alkane-assimilating yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica: cloning and characterization of genes coding for new CYP52 family members.
Genes encoding cytochromes P450 of the CYP52 family in the n-alkane-assimilating yeast Yarrowia lipolytica have been cloned and analyzed. Degenerate PCR primers which were designed for the conserved amino acid sequences of cytochromes P450ALK of Candida species were used for amplification and isolation of genes encoding P450ALK from a genomic DNA library of Y. lipolytica CX161-1B. Seven new genes (YlALK2-YlALK8) were isolated. Five of the seven YlALK genes were induced by n-alkane under the culture conditions used in this study, whereas their expression was strictly repressed by glycerol but not by glucose, similar to the case of YlALK1, reported previously. Disruption of YlALK2, YlALK3, YlALK4 or YlALK6 did not change the growth of Y. lipolytica on medium containing n-alkanes of various chain lengths. A mutant with disruptions in both YlALK1 and YlALK2 did not grow well on n-hexadecane, whereas one with disruptions in both YlALK1 and YlALK3, which has the same phenotype as the YlALK1 singly disrupted mutant, grew well on n-hexadecane. These results suggest that the presence of multiple P450ALK species is a rather common phenomenon among the n-alkane-assimilating yeasts and that in the n-alkane assimilation of Y. lipolytica, YlALK1 functions to assimilate n-decane and longer molecules, whereas YlALK2 is involved in the assimilation of molecules longer than n-dodecane; other YlALKs are not significantly involved in the assimilation of C10-C16 n-alkanes.
Alkanes↗
The VIG9 gene products from the human pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Candida glabrata encode GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase.
We have identified two genomic DNA fragments from the human pathogenic fungi, Candida albicans (CaVIG9) and Candida glabrata (CgVIG9) that encode GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, a key enzyme for protein glycosylation. The VIG9 homologues of CaVIG9 and CgVIG9 complement an identified protein glycosylation-defective mutation, vig9, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The nucleotide sequences of the ORFs, which are 83 and 90% identical to that of the ScVIG9 protein, respectively, showed a predicted gene product homologous to S. cerevisiae GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase. We examined the enzyme activity of a glutathione S-transferase fusion of each VIG9 gene to synthesize GDP mannose in the cell extracts of a heterologous Escherichia coli expression system. We also developed a method for detecting the enzyme activity using a non-radioactive substrate that would be applicable to high throughput screening.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Indispensable role for TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma at the effector phase of liver injury mediated by Th1 cells specific to hepatitis B virus surface antigen.
We report the development and characterization of a novel model of severe hepatitis induced against hepatitis B virus surface Ag (HBsAg). HBsAg was successfully targeted into the liver in soluble form. Using this unique property of HBsAg, we established a liver injury model induced by HBsAg-specific Th1 cells. Severe liver injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice by injection of HBsAg together with HBsAg-specific Th1 cells. Histochemical examination demonstrated extensive necroinflammatory hepatic lesions in these animals. Application of this liver injury model to mutant or gene knockout mice enabled us to define the effector mechanisms of Th1 cells in fulminant hepatitis. When Fas-deficient lpr mice were used as recipients, a similar degree of liver injury was induced as in wild-type mice. Moreover, HBsAg-specific Th1 cells obtained from perforin-/- mice could induce severe liver injury in both wild-type and lpr mice. These results indicated that neither Fas ligand nor perforin are essential for Th1-mediated liver injury in this model. Pretreatment with anti-TNF-alpha mAb prevented liver injury, whereas severe liver injury was induced in TNF-alpha-/- mice. Moreover, IFN-gamma receptor-deficient mice were resistant to Th1-mediated liver injury. Therefore, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, which were produced by HBsAg-specific Th1 cells during the effector phase, appeared to be indispensable in the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis.
Animals↗
Interleukin-4-dependent induction of preproenkephalin in antigen-specific T helper-type 2 (Th2) cells.
Naive Th cells obtained from OVA(323-339)-specific DO11.10 TCR-Tg mice did not express preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA. However, culture of naive Th cells with OVA(323-339) peptide (OVA-pep) plus IL-2 under Th2-inducing conditions for 7 days resulted in an induction of PPE mRNA. The PPE mRNA was also induced by culturing with OVA-pep plus IL-2 (neutral condition). However, PPE mRNA induction under neutral conditions was totally abrogated by addition of anti-IL-4 mAb. The existence of methionine-enkephalin was also demonstrated in peptidase-digested peptides derived from Th2 cell lysate. These results demonstrate that IL-4 is a critical factor for the induction of PPE mRNA in freshly expanded antigen-specific Th2 cells.
Animals↗
alpha-galactosylceramide induces early B-cell activation through IL-4 production by NKT cells.
alpha-Galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), a glycolipid antigen, specifically activates natural killer T (NKT) cells by a CD1d-restricted mechanism. In this work, we found that in vivo administration of alpha-GalCer resulted in the activation of B cells in addition to NKT cells, namely, alpha-GalCer administration caused upregulation of the early activation marker, CD69, on both NKT and B cells. In addition, expression of B7.2 and I-A(b) on B cells was greatly upregulated by alpha-GalCer. However, serum levels of IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a were not significantly changed within 48 h. In the present experiments, it was also demonstrated that the upregulation of CD69 expression by alpha-GalCer was strongly blocked by anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody. Moreover, B-cell activation by alpha-GalCer was not observed in NKT-deficient mice. These results suggested that antigen-stimulated NKT cells might play a critical role not only in early defense mechanisms but also in early B-cell activation through IL-4 production.
Animals↗
The critical role of Th1-dominant immunity in tumor immunology.
To investigate the precise role of antigen-specific Th1 and Th2 cells in tumor immunity, we developed a novel adoptive tumor-immunotherapy model using OVA-specific Th1 and Th2 cells and an OVA gene-transfected tumor. This therapeutic model demonstrated that both antigen-specific Th1 and Th2 cells had strong antitumor activity in vivo with distinct mechanisms. However, immunological memory suitable for the generation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes was induced only when tumor-bearing mice received Th1 cell therapy, but not Th2 cell therapy. Thus it was strongly suggested that Th1-dominant immunity is critically important for the induction of antitumor cellular immunity in vivo. We also proposed that several immunomodulating protocols using interleukin (IL)-12, IL-12 gene, the natural killer T cell ligand alpha-galactosylceramide, or Th1 cytokine-conditioned dendritic cells might be useful strategies for the induction of Th1-dominant immunity essential for the development of tumor-specific immunotherapy.
Animals↗
Potentiation of antitumor effect of NKT cell ligand, alpha-galactosylceramide by combination with IL-12 on lung metastasis of malignant melanoma cells.
The combined therapeutic effect of natural killer T (NKT) cell ligand alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) and IL-12 against highly metastatic B16-BL6-HM melanoma cells was investigated. In comparison with a single administration of alpha-GalCer or IL-12, the combined treatment of tumor-bearing mice with alpha-GalCer plus IL-12 caused a super-induction of serum IFN-gamma levels, though alpha-GalCer-induced IL-4 production was rather inhibited. In parallel with the augmented IFN-gamma production, the natural killing activity against YAC-1 cells and syngeneic B16-BL6-HM melanoma was greatly augmented by the combined therapy. The major effector cells responsible for natural killing activity induced by alpha-GalCer plus IL-12 were enriched in both NK1.1+ TCRalphabeta+ NKT cells and NK1.1+ TCRalphabeta- NK cells. The preventing effect of alpha-GalCer or IL-12 alone against lung metastasis of B16-BL6-HM was also enhanced by the combination therapy. The antitumor activity of alpha-GalCer was totally abolished in NKT-deficient mice. However, IL-12-induced antitumor activity was not eliminated in NKT-deficient mice though it was inhibited by anti-asialo GM1 Ab treatment. These findings suggested that alpha-GalCer synergistically act with IL-12 to activate both NKT cells and NK cells, which may play a critical role in the strong prevention of distant tumor metastasis at early stages of tumor-bearing. These data will provide a novel tool for the prevention of tumor metastasis using NKT-specific ligands alpha-GalCer and IL-12.
Animals↗