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Biomedical subjects

A Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to A Ohta.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Rapid analysis of fatty acids in plasma lipids.

A rapid and convenient procedure for the quantitative determination of the fatty acid composition of plasma lipids is described. Human plasma was applied directly to the preadsorbent zones of thin-layer silica gel plates with added antioxidant, internal standards and carriers. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates were partially developed with methanol followed by chloroform/methanol (1:1, v/v), and then they were fully developed in hexane/diethyl ether/acetic acid (80:20:1, v/v/v) to separate the major classes of lipids. Silica gel from regions containing the separated lipids was scraped into screw-capped tubes and treated with boron trifluoride-methanol prior to gas chromatography. The method of direct application to TLC plates gave yields and compositions of fatty acids very similar to the method of applying extracted plasma lipids. This relatively simple method is suitable for analyzing the fatty acids in plasma lipids from a 50 microliter finger-tip blood samples from an individual, and it may be useful in wide-scale screening of different individuals to estimate the relative amounts of ingested polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1990

Antiviral potencies of BV-araU and related nucleoside analogues against varicella-zoster virus in different cell lines.

1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (BV-araU) and nine other antiherpesviral nucleoside analogues were compared for their potencies against four strains of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) on three different cell lines: HEL cells, Vero cells, and MS cells established from a human malignant schwannoma. In contrast to the activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 previously reported, BV-araU showed extremely marked antiviral activity against VZV even on Vero cells. ED50, 50% plaque reduction dose, of BV-araU for VZV was 0.20-3.1 and 0.14-0.63 ng/ml on Vero cells and on HEL cells, respectively. Potency of BV-araU on MS cells was similar to that on these cell lines. There was not significant variation in anti-VZV activities of other nucleoside analogues on these three different cell lines except a few combinations of VZV strain and test compound.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of protocol for the craniomandibular disorders. 2. Craniomandibular disorders according to new classification].

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual state in the patients with extensive pathological states of craniomandibular disorders (CMDs). 100 patients, with their ages ranging from 11 to 77 years old, were selected for the study and they were divided into 5 groups according to classification of Japanese Society for Temporomandibular Joint. The following results were obtained: 1. By classification type, the ratio was 88, 16, 8 and 2% for Type III, Type I, Type IV and Type II. Type V was not found. 2. 22% of patients were male and 78% were female. The ratio of male and female was 1:4. 3. By age group, the ratio was 34, 23, 18, 12, 11, 1 and 1% for twenties, tens, thirties, fifties, forties, sixties and seventies. CMDs was found highly in younger ages (tens and twenties). 4. The ratio diagnosed Type III was 86.9, 97.0, 88.8 and 83.3% for tens, twenties, thirties and forties. Type III was found high ratio in all ages. 5. In all patients, right TMJ with disorder 37%, left TMJ with disorder 34%, bilateral TMJ with disorder 29%. There were no difference between right and left. 6. As can be seen from the above, young individuals with CMDs were clearly high ratio and many CMDs were diagnosed Type III through all the ages. Therefore, the results of our study suggest that young CMDs patients could be increasing gradually and complicating a pathological state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of protocol for the craniomandibular disorders. 3. Questionnaire for the craniomandibular disorders].

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of questionnaire which is included in the protocol designed for screening the patients with extensive pathological states of craniomandibular disorders. 100 patients, with their ages ranging from 11 to 77 years old, were selected for the study and they were classified under various disorder classification which is based on the criteria of Japanese society for Temporomandibular Joint. Statistical analysis was performed to find the relationship between the different pathological states and the results of the questionnaire. The following results were obtained: 1. The ratio of appearance on TMJ pain was as follows: Type I (100%), Type II (0%), Type III (43.8-75.0%) and Type IV (75.0%). 2. The ratio of appearance on TMJ pain on chewing was as follows: Type I (50.0%), Type II (100%), Type III (20.0-100%) and type IV (37.5%). 3. The ratio of appearance on TMJ pain on maximum opening was as follows: Type I (100%), Type II (100%), Type III (50.0-100%) and Type IV (75.0%). 4. The ratio of appearance on TMJ noise was as follows: Type I (0%), Type II (0%), Type III (40.9-81.3%) and Type IV (50.0%). 5. The ratio of appearance on the fatigue by mastication was as follows: Type I (0%), Type II (50.0%), Type III (40.0-100%) and Type IV (75.0%). 6. The ratio of appearance on bruxism was as follows: Type I (0%), Type II (0%), Type III (10.4-40.0%) and Type IV (25.0%). 7. The ratio of appearance on the stiff of jaw on awakening was as follows: Type I (50.0%), Type II (0%), Type III (20.8-70.0%) and Type IV (37.5%). 8. The ratio of appearance on the unilateral chewing was as follows: Type I (50.0%), Type II (0%), Type III (20.0-50.0%) and Type IV (62.5%). 9. There were significances among those types about each items on the questionnaire, it can be suggested that the questionnaire for screening about craniomandibular disorders was effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical Evaluation of protocol for the craniomandibular disorders. 1. Protocol of our department].

Craniomandibular disorders are conditions encompassing various types of dysfunction of the stomatognathic system. To define the very nature of morbidity, both differential and pathological diagnosis are absolutely necessary. At present, each medical institution in this country has its own protocol for evaluating and treating craniomandibular disorders. This makes it difficult to exchange and compare data between institutions. In this paper, a protocol worked out by our department after a series of clinical tests and study is presented, and its merits and unresolved problems are discussed.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Adult Still's disease: a multicenter survey of Japanese patients.

A comprehensive survey of Japanese patients with adult Still's disease was made by questionnaire which was sent to major institutions with rheumatology units in Japan. Of 146 cases from 32 institutions, 90 were judged to be definitely diagnosed as adult Still's disease. The major clinical features in these 90 patients consisted of high fever, polyarthralgia, rash, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, negative autoantibodies, leukocytosis, liver dysfunction, and hyperferritinemia. The incidence of several features showed significant differences between these cases and previous nonJapanese cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Behavioral characteristics of the SAM-P/8 strain in Sidman active avoidance task.

The behavior of the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM-P/8) at the age of 1, 2, 4 and 10-11 months in Sidman active avoidance learning was analyzed, and compared to findings in the controls (SAM-R/1). At the age of 1 and 2 months, learning was comparable in these two strains. At the age of 4 and 10-11 months, SAM-P/8 but not SAM-R/1 learned active avoidance. We propose that SAM-P/8 can serve as a valid model of deficits in learning and memory.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Effect of lipid peroxidation on membrane-bound Ca2+-ATPase activity of the intestinal brush-border membranes.

We have studied lipid peroxidation and Ca2+-ATPase activity of the porcine intestinal brush-border membranes using a oxygen-radical-generating system consisting of dithiothreitol (DTT)/Fe2+ and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH). The rates of lipid peroxidation were measured by formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBAR) and conjugated diene. Incubation of the membranes with DTT/Fe2+ in the absence and presence of t-BuOOH resulted in a slight (about 20%) and a marked (about 50%) inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase activity, respectively. The degree of inhibition was dependent on the hydroperoxide concentration. Addition of thiourea effectively protected Ca2+-ATPase activity but catalase and superoxide dismutase showed a slight and no effect on protection of the ATPase activity, respectively. Results of kinetic studies on the ATPase activity with varying ATP and Ca2+ concentrations revealed that the decrease in the enzyme activity by treatment with these oxidizing agents is mainly due to decrease of the Vmax value. Modification of SH groups in the membrane proteins by thiol group reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide, monoiodoacetate and monoiodacetamide did not induce the inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase activity. From these results, it is suggested that inhibition of the ATPase activity of the membranes by treatment with DTT/Fe2+ in the presence and absence of t-BuOOH is dependent on lipid peroxidation and that oxidative modification of SH groups may not be directly involved to the loss of the ATPase activity. In addition, results of the fluorescence anisotropy measurements of pyrene-labeled membranes suggested that change in the Ca2+-ATPase activity is partly related to a decrease in the membrane lipid fluidity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Rat strain variations in liver cytosolic DT-diaphorase activity and possible significance of the trait in carcinogenesis by azo dyes.

1. Strain variations among female rats in terms of cytosolic DT-diaphorase activity were studied in liver, heart and glandular stomach tissues with or without administration of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA). 2. BHA induced liver DT-diaphorase activity in all strains examined, and both the basal and induced activities varied according to strain. Among the five strains tested, Brown Norway (BN) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats showed relatively high levels of enzyme activity in the liver, whereas Fischer (F344) rats showed a relatively low level of activity. Results of examination of Fischer-BN-F1 rats indicated that a lower level of liver DT-diaphorase activity was inherited essentially as a dominant trait. 3. Liver DT-diaphorase activity in male rats was significantly lower than in female rats. Small strain variations of the activity, if any, were observed in the heart and stomach cytosolic fractions with or without induction by BHA. The magnitude of induction by BHA was also small, if any, in heart and stomach cytosolic fractions. 4. From these and other observations, we discussed the differences between rats and mice in these strain and tissue variations of DT-diaphorase activity, and also the possible significance of liver DT-diaphorase activity in carcinogenesis by azo dyes.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1989

Influence of pyrazine derivatives on the day of vaginal opening in juvenile female rats.

Effects of pyrazine derivatives on the day of the first opening of the vagina in juvenile female rats were studied. Tetraethyl and 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine caused a significant delay in the first vaginal opening day of juvenile female rats, but no delay was noted in the case of 2,5-diethyl or triethyl pyrazine. These results suggest that tetraethyl and 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine cause delays in the onset of puberty in juvenile female rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Reconsideration of anterior reference point in prosthodontics. Orbital point, Inner Canthus of the eye and alae of the nose].

With the aim of designing more aesthetic prosthetic replacements, a series of experiments was conducted to obtain the points of reference for determining the postures (sitting and standing postures) and horizontal reference plane when patients assume the natural head position. The results thus obtained are as follows: 1. Measuring points in the sitting and standing postures were located about 15.0mm below the orbital point respectively. 2. The natural head position tended to shift upward significantly more frequently in the standing posture than in the sitting posture. 3. The natural head position in the standing posture varied less and was more restorable than in the sitting posture. 4. Between the three reference points in both postures, there was no significant difference in the degree of variation, but measurements based on the inner canthus of the eye showed the least variance. 5. In the standing posture, the measurements based on the inner canthus of the eye showed a little, but significant, variance from the measurements based on the three reference points in the sitting posture. From the above, it can be said that the point 25.6mm below the inner canthus of the eye, which was the average of the measurements taken in the standing posture, may be appropriate for use the anterior point of reference for transferring the natural head position onto the articulator.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1989

[Study on the horizontal reference plane in prosthodontics. Establishment of the anterior reference point].

This study was made to obtain the anterior reference point for determining the horizontal reference plane in prosthodontics for transferring the model in the natural head position of each patient onto the articulator in dental clinics. The results thus obtained are as follows: 1. Measuring points in the sitting and standing postures were located below the orbital point, respectively. 2. The natural head position tended to shift upward significantly more frequently in the standing posture than in the sitting posture. 3. The natural head position in the standing posture varied less and was more restorable than in the sitting posture. 4. The natural head position in the mirror-viewing method varied less and was more restorable than in two other methods. 5. Between the three reference points in the natural head position, the measurements based on the orbital point and the inner canthus of the eye showed less variance than the measurements based on the ala of the nose. 6. The ratios calculated from the measurements based on the reference points in the natural head position showed slightly more variance than the measurements based on the reference points. 7. From the above, it can be said that the point 23.3mm below the inner canthus of the eye, which was the average of measurements taken with the mirror-viewing method in the standing posture, may be appropriate for use as the anterior reference point for transferring the model in the natural head position of each patient onto the articulator.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1989

[Biochemical and immunological properties of EEP 32 kd protein].

EDTA-extractable protein (EEP) is a major extrinsic protein of lens membrane. EEP is composed of two major polypeptides on SDS-PAGE with apparent molecular weights of 32 kilodaltons (kd) and 34 kd. Recently it has been reported that the 34 kd protein of the EEP cross-reacted with the antibody prepared against lipocortin, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2. We have purified and characterized the 32 kd protein of the EEP (EEP 32). Crude EEP of bovine lens was applied to a Q-Sepharose column and eluted with a linear gradient system composed of 0-0.7 M NaCl. The EEP 32 was discreted at salt concentrations of approximately 0.1-0.25 M (EEP 32-A) and 0.35-0.4 M (EEP 32-B). Both EEP 32-A and EEP 32-B interact with phospholipid and F-actin in a Ca2+-dependent manner as lipocortin. Furthermore, the EEP 32-A, a major component of the EEP 32 purified by hydroxyapatite chromatography and gel filtration, inhibited phospholipase A2 activity more than lipocortin. On Western blot analysis, the 32 kd lipocortin-like protein of human placenta showed cross-reactivity to EEP 32-B, but not EEP 32-A. These results suggest that EEP 32 contains two lipocortin-like proteins differing in antigenicity and isoelectric points.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Biochemical and immunological properties of 34kDa EDTA-extractable protein (EEP34k)].

It has been reported that the 34kDa protein of EDTA-extractable protein (EEP34k) cross-reacted with lipocortin antisera. The lipocortins are a family of proteins that have been reported to inhibit phospholipase A2. Previously, we purified two proteins from EEP34k by anion-exchange chromatography, and referred to them as 34k (A) and 34k (B). On Western-blot analysis, two proteins showed cross-reactivity to both lipocortin I and lipocortin II. In this study, four proteins (34k (A)1, 34k (A)2, 34k (B)1, 34k (B)2) were isolated from 34k (A) and 34k (B), on a cation-exchanged chromatography. By peptide mapping, immunological analysis and SDS/PAGE, we confirmed that 34k (A)1 and 34k (B)2 were identified proteins and these were called lipocortin I, and that 34k (A)2 was lipocortin II. It is concluded that at least two lipocortins, I and II are present in EEP34k. We also observed the presence of phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity in both 34k (A) and 34k (B).

Animals↗