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Biomedical subjects

A Ohman

Publications and source records attributed to A Ohman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A retrospective study of microbiologic samples from oral mucosal lesions.

This report describes findings in microbial samples from 271 patients with lesions of the oral mucous membranes. Analyses were made on the basis of direct microscopy and cultivation on nonselective and selective media incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Growth of bacteria was semiquantitatively determined according to a five-grade scale. Among the 134 samples for direct microscopy, fungi in yeast as well as hyphae phase, were identified in 39 cases. Among the cultivated samples, Candida albicans was detected in 107 cases, of which 71 were full-denture wearers. Staphylococcus aureus, coliform bacteria and Klebsiella were the most frequently isolated "nonoral" bacteria. In some cases also Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas or other gram-negative aerobic bacteria were found. In 84 cases the bacteria mentioned were registered as single "nonoral" infection, and in 63 cases combinations of "nonoral" species occurred. In 51 of these 63 cases C. albicans was also involved. In 31 cases a significant quantitative increase of one or more oral bacterial species was registered. In 93 cases there was no indication of a microbial cause of the lesion. On the basis of these microbial findings, it might be presupposed that in the majority of cases microorganisms were of primary or secondary pathogenic importance to the lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The eruption tendency and changes of direction of impacted teeth following surgical exposure.

Surgical exposure may be an integral part of orthodontic treatment of impacted teeth. In some cases the surgical procedure alone results in eruption and alignment of such teeth. The nature of the mechanism that starts concomitantly with the removal of covering tissues is not known. The aim of this investigation was to study factors associated with eruption as well as the eruption route of impacted and unerupted teeth following surgical exposure. The material consisted of 542 impacted teeth in 389 patients. The findings given strong support to the hypothesis that forces within surrounding tissues act upon the exposed crown in such a way as to direct it toward the area where the tissues were removed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Reduction of tension in fearful dental patients.

A method based on the principles of desensitization, biofeedback, and control by patients is described; ten patients who had severe dental fear were given therapy before conventional treatment was begun.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effects of perphenazine enanthate injections on prolactin levels in plasma from schizophrenic women and men.

Levels of prolactin (PRL) in plasma were determined in schizophrenic women and men after i.m. injections of 50-150 mg perphenazine enanthate (PE). In both sexes PRL levels increased dose-dependently. In men the effect was significant for 2 and in women for 9 days. Biperiden treatment did not influence the effect of PE on the PRL levels. The data support the view that clinically used doses of PE induce a small but significant blockade of central dopamine receptors.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Facial expressions as conditioned stimuli for electrodermal responses: a case of "preparedness"?

Converging data suggest that human facial behavior has an evolutionary basis. Combining these data with Seligman's preparedness theory, it was predicted that facial expressions of anger should be more readily associated with aversive events than should expressions of happiness. Two experiments involving differential electrodermal conditioning to pictures of faces, with electric shock as the unconditioned stimulus, were performed. In the first experiment, the subjects were exposed to two pictures of the same person, one with an angry and one with a happy expression. For half of the subjects, the shock followed the angry face, and for the other half, it followed the happy face. In the second experiment, three groups of subjects differentiated between pictures of male and female faces, both showing angry, neutral, and happy expressions. Responses to angry conditioned stimuli showed significant resistance to extinction in both experiments, with a larger effect in Experiment 2. Responses to happy or neutral conditioned stimuli, on the other hand, extinguished immediately when the shock was withheld. The results are related to conditioning to phobic stimuli and to the preparedness theory.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Modeling processes in the acquisition of fears: vicarious electrodermal conditioning to fear-relevant stimuli.

Fear-relevant (snakes, spiders, and rats) and fear-irrelevant (flowers, mushrooms, and berries) pictures were compared as conditioned and instigating stimuli in a vicarious classical conditioning paradigm with skin conductance responses as the dependent variable. A female confederate model and subject watched the pictures side by side. A female stimulus presentations, the experimenter interrupted to investigate alleged overreactions of the model to one of the stimulus classes. The model then vividly described a phobia for this object, which was to serve as a vicarious instigating stimulus. The experiment continued for a few conditioning trials, and then the experimenter announced that the disturbing stimulus would be omitted before the second part of the experiment. There was no effect of stimulus content on vicariously instigated responses, although significant overall instigation was observed. However, the responses to the stimulus that was paired with the model's phobic stimulus, that is, the vicariously conditioned responses, failed to extinguish during the second part of the experiment when it was fear-relevant but extinguished immediately when it was fear-irrelevant.

Adult↗