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A Ochiai

Publications and source records attributed to A Ochiai.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Expression of cadherin-catenin cell adhesion molecules, phosphorylated tyrosine residues and growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinases in gastric cancers.

Tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin, an intracytoplasmic E-cadherin-binding protein, has been shown to disrupt the cadherin-mediated cell adhesion system in vitro. In order to investigate the relationships of expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of cadherin-catenin molecules and expression of growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase with loose cell-to-cell adhesion, immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin, alpha- and beta-catenin, phosphorylated tyrosine residues and tyrosine kinase receptors, including c-erbB-2, epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R), c-met and K-sam, in 17 undifferentiated- and 10 differentiated-type human gastric cancers was performed. Loss or reduced expressions of E-cadherin and alpha- and beta-catenin (11, 11, 10 cancers, respectively) were observed in the former, but not the latter. Diffuse cytoplasmic staining of E-cadherin, alpha- and beta-catenin and phosphotyrosine residues was observed frequently in the undifferentiated-type cancers. The cytoplasmic localization of phosphotyrosine residues in undifferentiated-type cancers was correlated significantly with K-sam expression (P < 0.01) and diffuse cytoplasmic staining of E-cadherin (P < 0.05) and beta-catenin (P < 0.05). Expression of K-sam protein was detected significantly more frequently in undifferentiated- (6/17; P < 0.05) than differentiated-type adenocarcinomas whereas the converse applied to c-erbB-2 expression (8/10 of the latter, P < 0.05). Tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin was directly confirmed in the protein extracts of one undifferentiated-type gastric cancer. These data indicate that alteration of tyrosine phosphorylation status associated with K-sam expression may cause the cytoplasmic distribution of cadherin-catenin molecules and loose cell-cell adhesion in undifferentiated-type gastric cancers.

Cadherins↗
PubMed1998

Adrenal hemorrhage diagnosed by ultrasonically-guided biopsy.

Adrenal hemorrhage in adults is an uncommon disease and is usually associated with systemic diseases, trauma or anticoagulation. When adrenal hemorrhage is discovered in chronic course without any suggestive clinical settings, it is difficult to distinguish adrenal hemorrhage correctly before surgical resection. We present a case of adrenal hemorrhage which was incidentally detected as an adrenal mass and was successfully treated in a conservative way based upon histopathological findings obtained by ultrasonically guided biopsy.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1998

[A case of pheochromocytoma with a large pseudocyst].

We report a case of pheochromocytoma with a markedly large pseudocyst. A 51-year-old man with the complaint of headache and palpitation was referred to our hospital. Ultrasonography (US) revealed a right adrenal cystic mass. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed an adrenal cyst. MRI showed a high intensity mass in both T1 and T2-weighted-images, suggesting an adrenal hemorrhagic cyst. 131I-meta-iodo-benzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy showed a prominent accumulation at the right adrenal lesion. Considering the abnormal elevation of cathecholamines in blood and urine samples, we performed right adrenolectomy with the clinical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. 131I-MIBG scintigraphy was the most important diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1998

[Dysfunction of E-cadherin-catenin system in invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer].

The E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion system is now considered to be an "invasion suppressor system" in cancer cells. Dysfunction of the E-cadherin system due to mutations of the genes of E-cadherin and catenins has not been reported in colorectal cancer. Histologically, well-differentiated colorectal cancer cells are found to be scattered at the invasive front in primary lesions and form glands again in metastatic sites. We have reported the association and presence of signal transduction between c-erbB-2/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and beta-catenin in human cancer cells. This temporal dysfunction of the E-cadherin system observed in colon cancers may be caused by tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin through activated receptor-type tyrosine kinases. Overexpression of EGF-R and tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin are often observed in "focal dedifferentiated cells" at the invasive front of colorectal cancers. In addition, beta-catenin expression is regulated by the APC tumor suppressor gene product. Thus the E-cadherin-catenin system may play important roles not only in invasion and metastasis but also in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein↗
PubMed1998

Noninvasive evaluation of bladder compliance in children using ultrasound estimated bladder weight.

PURPOSE: In healthy children as well as those with urinary disturbance we determined ultrasound estimated bladder weight with the aim of revealing its possible usefulness as a measure of bladder compliance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured ultrasound estimated bladder weight in 71 healthy children with a mean age of 10.3 years, and determined a standard value. A total of 82 patients with a mean age of 9.6 years with urinary disturbance also underwent ultrasound estimated bladder weight measurement as well as conventional urological examinations, including filling cystometry. RESULTS: In healthy children ultrasound estimated bladder weight increased with age, showing a significant linear correlation (r = 0.80, p < 0.0001). Using the formula for linear correlation, 0.86 x patient age + 6.9 gm., we obtained an age matched estimated weight. In 82 patients the percent deviation of the estimate from age matched values was calculated using the formula, (measured ultrasound estimated bladder weight -age matched ultrasound estimated bladder weight)/age matched ultrasound estimated bladder weight x 100, and then correlated with bladder compliance. In 75 of 77 patients (97%) with compliance of 10 ml./cm. water or more the estimate was within 100% deviation. In contrast, 4 of 5 patients (80%) with a low compliant bladder (less than 10 ml./cm. water) had an ultrasound estimated bladder weight greater than 100% deviation. When the estimate was within 100% deviation, all but 1 patient (75 of 76, 98.7%) had compliance of 10 ml./cm. water or more compared to 33.3% (2 of 6) of those with an estimate greater than 100% deviation. As a result, with the use of a cutoff value of 100% deviation ultrasound estimated bladder weight predicted a low compliant bladder with a diagnostic accuracy as high as 96.3% (79 of 82 cases). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound estimated bladder weight may be used to evaluate bladder compliance in children. It seems to be a suitable noninvasive urodynamic test in children with suspected urodynamic abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The E-cadherin gene is silenced by CpG methylation in human hepatocellular carcinomas.

Our study was designed to clarify the significance of silencing the E-cadherin gene, which is located on 16q22.1, due to CpG methylation during hepatocarcinogenesis. The CpG methylation status of primary hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and corresponding liver tissues showing chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, which are widely considered to be precancerous conditions, were assessed by digesting DNA with methylation-sensitive and non-sensitive restriction enzymes. CpG methylation around the promoter region of the E-cadherin gene was detected in 46% of liver tissues showing chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis and 67% of HCCs examined. Immunohistochemical examination revealed reduced E-cadherin expression in 59% of HCCs examined. CpG methylation around the promoter region correlated significantly with reduced E-cadherin expression in HCCs (p < 0.05). CpG methylation around the promoter region, which increases during the progression from a precancerous condition to HCC, may participate in hepatocarcinogenesis through reduction of E-cadherin expression, resulting in loss of intercellular adhesiveness and destruction of tissue morphology.

Cadherins↗
PubMed1997

Correlation of presumed circle area ratio with infravesical obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the predictive value of ultrasonic measurements obtained by transrectal ultrasonography for infravesical obstruction as evaluated by pressure flow studies. METHODS: In 85 men with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms, ultrasonic measurements including prostatic volume, transition zone volume, transition zone index (transition zone volume/prostatic volume), and presumed circle area ratio (PCAR) were compared with urodynamic parameters obtained by pressure flow studies. RESULTS: There were significant interrelationships between these ultrasonic measurements, which were all significantly greater in the obstructed patients than in the unobstructed patients. A simple regression analysis demonstrated that prostatic volume (r = 0.362, P < 0.001), transition zone volume (r = 0.373, P < 0.0005), transition zone index (r = 0.331, P < 0.005), and PCAR (r = 0.487, P < 0.0001) correlated significantly with the Abrams-Griffiths number. More importantly, a multiple regression analysis demonstrated PCAR to be the only independent determinant of the Abrams-Griffiths number. A receiver operator characteristics curve analysis showed that 0.8 was the most suitable cutoff value of PCAR for the prediction of infravesical obstruction with a diagnostic accuracy of 76.5%. CONCLUSIONS: PCAR is useful as a transrectal ultrasonic measurement in assessing the severity of infravesical obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

c-erbB2 and p53 expression are not associated with stage progression of gastric cancer in Britain or Japan.

The results of surgical treatment for gastric cancer are apparently better in Japan than in Western countries. It has been proposed that this is because of a biological difference between the tumours in Japan and in the West. We have previously reported very similar frequencies of positive immunohistochemical staining for the c-erbB2 oncogene and mutant p53 proteins in British and Japanese gastric cancers, findings which do not seem to support the 'biological difference' hypothesis. We realized that these studies did not rule out differences in the mechanism of cancer progression which might show themselves by a different association between p53 and c-erbB2 expression and stage in the two populations. We therefore re-analysed our data to look for differences in the frequency of p53 and c-erbB2 expression in the British and Japanese populations. Comparison of fixed tissue from 88 British and 89 Japanese tumours showed no significant association of c-erbB2 or p53 with stage progression in either population. Logistic regression showed no difference between the two populations in the relationship between stage and oncogene expression. These results do not support the idea of biologically different cancers in Japan and Britain. Other possible explanations for the difference in results such as the stage migration effect, better efficacy of Japanese-style surgery, or a difference in the host resistance to cancer in the two countries should be considered.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Hepatocellular carcinoma with gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by direct tumor invasion to the duodenum.

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from hepatocellular carcinoma invading the duodenum is very rare. A 60-year-old man with multiple hepatocellular carcinoma was admitted to our hospital because of massive melena and hematemesis. We succeeded in hemostasis of an esophageal variceal rupture by endoscopic varicial ligation. The duodenum could not be observed endoscopically due to extramural compression to the stomach from the liver tumor. Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurred again and the patient died of hepatic failure. The postmortem examination revealed that the liver tumor had invaded the second portion of the duodenum and perforated into the lumen.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1997

Metastatic esophageal tumors from distant primary lesions: report of three esophagectomies and study of 1835 autopsy cases.

Three cases of esophagectomy for secondary esophageal carcinoma metastasized from the ovary, breast and lung are reported. Long-term survival, 14 and 4 years, after esophagectomy was achieved in two patients. The intervals between surgery for primary cancer and dysphagia onset in these two patients were 16 and 7 years, respectively. An aggressive surgical approach appears to be the therapeutic procedure of choice for metastatic esophageal carcinoma when the primary tumor growth rate is suspected to be slow. Autopsy data on 1835 cases revealed 112 (6.1%) had metastasis to the esophagus. The lung was the most common primary tumor-bearing organ and the diffusely infiltrative type was the most common esophageal tumor observed macroscopically which corresponded to the findings in our three patients. When an esophageal stricture with normal mucosa is encountered, a metastatic tumor must be taken into consideration.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Epidermization in the esophageal mucosa: unusual epithelial changes clearly detected by Lugol's staining.

A 58-year-old Japanese man with superficial esophageal cancer accompanied by unusual epithelial changes, including esophageal mucosal epidermization, is reported. Staining with Lugol's iodine clearly showed irregular unstained lesions, which could not be seen clearly macroscopically, in the resected specimen. Histologic examination of the irregular unstained areas showed definite granular and horny layers regarded as epidermization, acanthosis with slight nuclear enlargement, and epithelial atrophy. The immunohistochemical staining patterns of keratins in the epidermized and atrophic lesions were similar to those in the epidermis, and the keratin staining patterns of the acanthotic lesion were similar to those of the oral epithelium.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1997

Reversible change of bladder hypertrophy due to benign prostatic hyperplasia after surgical relief of obstruction.

PURPOSE: Ultrasound estimated bladder weight was compared before and after surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to reveal a possible reversible change in bladder hypertrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultrasound estimated bladder weight was measured before and after subcapsular (17) or transurethral (16) prostatectomy in 33 male patients with BPH. Sequential changes in the American Urological Association symptom score and urinary flow rate were also examined. RESULTS: Along with a significant improvement in the American Urological Association symptom scores and maximum flow rate, ultrasound estimated bladder weight decreased from 52.9 +/- 22.6 to 31.6 +/- 15.8 gm. in 12 weeks after treatment. In all but 4 patients (29 of 33, or 87.9%) ultrasound estimated bladder weight decreased to less than 35.0 gm. in 12 weeks after treatment. Interestingly, in all patients with an initial ultrasound estimated bladder weight of greater than 80 gm. the bladder weight still remained at an abnormally high level 12 weeks after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder hypertrophy was completely reversible after the surgical treatment of the obstruction in the majority of patients with BPH. The measurement of ultrasound estimated bladder weight was of value in monitoring therapeutic effects in BPH patients. An extraordinarily high ultrasound estimated bladder weight of 80 gm. or more might suggest degenerative and irreversible pathological changes in the bladder detrusor.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Solitary esophageal metastasis of breast cancer with 15 years' latency: a case report and review of the literature.

A 68-year-old woman with a history of breast and colon cancer at the ages of 48 and 65 years, respectively, who presented with dysphagia is described. An upper gastrointestinal series and endoscopic examination revealed a circumferential stricture without ulceration in the middle-third area of the esophagus. Computed tomography demonstrated a submucosal tumor in the esophageal wall. A biopsy specimen obtained from the mucosa overlying the tumor revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, suggesting metastasis from the previous breast cancer. Subtotal esophagectomy with reconstruction was performed. Macroscopically, a submucosal tumor measuring 2.0 x 1.7 cm was observed in the resected esophagus. Microscopic examination revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, which was quite similar histologically to the breast cancer resected 15 years previously. Enzyme immunoassay and immunohistochemical analyses of the resected tumor revealed positivity for both estrogen and progesterone receptor, confirming the diagnosis of a metastatic cancer from the previous breast tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Lecithinization of IL-6 enhances its thrombopoietic activity in mice.

This study was conducted to assess the merit of lecithinization of recombinant human interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a drug delivery system. IL-6 was lecithinized by covalently binding it with a phosphatidylcholine (lecithin, PC) derivative. The in-vivo thrombopoietic potency of lecithinized IL-6 (PC-IL-6) was greater than that of native IL-6 when administered subcutaneously, although the in-vitro bioactivity of PC-IL-6 was markedly reduced by lecithinization. When PC-IL-6 and native IL-6 were given in doses that produced the same level of thrombopoietic activity, the former stimulated less production of IgG1, a marker of the adverse effects of IL-6, than did the latter. Furthermore, PC-IL-6 persisted in the blood longer than native IL-6. Based on the above, PC-IL-6 appears to be useful as a drug delivery system and may also be useful in the treatment of drug-induced thrombocytopenia.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical evaluation of scintigraphy and tumor biopsy for incidentally detected adrenal masses].

PURPOSE: A decision tree in diagnosis of incidentally detected adrenal masses (incidentaloma) was made on the basis of these results. METHODS: The clinical usefulness of adrenal scintigraphy with 131I-adosterol and ultrasonically guided tumor biopsy was investigated in 44 patients. RESULTS: Adrenal scintigraphy was performed in 32 patients, of whom 21 were found to have an increased uptake in the tumor, including 19 cases of cortical adenoma and 2 of hematoma. No abnormal uptake was found in the remaining 11 patients, including 2 of cortical adenoma, 1 of adrenocortical oncocytoma and 8 of non-cortical tumors. Adrenal scintigraphy was thus thought to be useful in the differentiation of cortical tumor from non-cortical tumor, showing the sensitivity of 86%, the specificity of 80% and the diagnostic accuracy of 84%. Cytological or histological study on specimens obtained by percutaneous adrenal tumor biopsy was performed in 19 patients, of whom 18 (95%) were correctly diagnosed in terms of the malignancy of incidentaloma. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the differential diagnosis and the surgical indication of adrenal incidentaloma could be made successfully based on adrenal scintigraphy and tumor biopsy.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

Noninvasive quantitative estimation of infravesical obstruction using ultrasonic measurement of bladder weight.

PURPOSE: Ultrasound estimated bladder weight was compared to pressure-flow studies to test the ability of ultrasound estimated bladder weight to predict infravesical obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 65 men with urinary symptoms underwent ultrasonic measurement of bladder weight and pressure-flow studies. Assuming the bladder is a sphere, ultrasound estimated bladder weight was calculated from bladder wall thickness measured ultrasonically and intravesical volume. RESULTS: Ultrasound estimated bladder weight correlated significantly (p < 0.0001) with the Abrams-Griffiths number, urethral resistance factor and the Schäfer grade of obstruction. A cutoff value of 35 gm. for ultrasound estimated bladder weight revealed a diagnostic accuracy of 86.2% (56 of 65 cases) for infravesical obstruction with 12.1 (4 of 33) and 15.6% (5 of 32) false-positive and false-negative rates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound estimated bladder weight can be measured noninvasively at the bedside and it is promising as a reliable predictor of infravesical obstruction.

Aged↗