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Biomedical subjects

A O Johnson

Publications and source records attributed to A O Johnson.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Extrahepatic portal hypertension due to congenital obstruction of the portal vein and associated gross hepatic lobulation.

A 10-233k old girl presented with splenomegaly and recurrent hematemesis from esophageal varices. Splenoportography revealed a dilated extrahepatic portion of the portal vein with nonvisualization of its intrahepatic tributaries. The child died following an episode of hematemesis and was found to have a dilated portal vein which ended blindly. In addition, there was abnormal lobulation of the inferior surface of the liver which was not cirrhotic. The portal vascular anomaly, which presumably was responsible for the portal hypertension, was probably due to failure of communication between the embryonic vitelline veins or to atresia of the portal vein secondary to pressure from the abnormal hepatic lobulation in utero. It would appear that congenital factors may be significant in the etiology and pathogenesis of some cases of extrahepatic portal hypertension in early life and recognition of such developmental anomalies is of importantance in management.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Thyroid gland disorders in African children.

Although endocrine disorders are uncommon in black African children, thyroid gland disorders made up 37 percent of all types of 27 endocrine disorders seen at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria over a five-year period. The age range of the children was four months to 14 years. Diagnoses largely depended on clinical acumen and a few simple laboratory tests. Even the patients with congenital thyroid gland disorders tended to present late with florid classical clinical features, including disturbances of physical and mental development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A comparative trial of liquid lomotil and mist kaolin in childhood diarrhoea.

Lomotil liquid in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day has been compared with plain mist kaolin in controlling acute diarrhoea in young children aged 6 weeks to 2 years. Lomotil was found to stop the diarrhoea faster and significantly shorten the period of hospital admission than kaolin (P less than 0.05) in children whose diarrhoea was complicated by moderate dehydration. In those with mild dehydration lomotil had no advantage over kaolin. Children with severe dehydration treated with lomotil spent on the average much shorter period in hospital than those on kaolin, but the numbers were too small to allow for useful comparison. There was no adverse effect observed in any of subjects at the dose of lomotil used.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Failure of indomethacin and warfarin to interact in normal human volunteers.

In young, normal, male Caucasian volunteers, two different double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized studies were performed to determine whether indomethacin interacts in a clinically significant fashion with warfarin. In the first study, stabilized hypoprothrombinemia was achieved by daily oral warfarin administration for at least 11 days; then indomethacin was administered concurrently with warfarin for five more days. During this five-day period failure of indomethacin to alter the degree of hypoprothhrombinemia induced by warfarin indicated that indomethacin does not interact with warfarin in vivo in a clinically significant fashion. A similar conclusion was drawn from results of the second experiment, in which plasma warfarin concentrations and prothrombin times were measured after a single oral dose of warfarin administered both before and after ten consecutive days of oral indomethacin administration. Thus, these studies suggest that warfarin may be given to patients receiving indomethacin and indomethacin may be administered to patients on warfarin without intensification or diminution of the normally expected hypoprothrombinemie effects of the dose of warfarin in that individual.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Speaking and interruptions during primary care office visits.

BACKGROUND: Patients and physicians value effective communication and consider it an essential part of the medical encounter. This study examined physician-patient communication patterns, and interruptions in communication, during patient visits with family practice and internal medicine residents. METHODS: Observational data obtained from 60 routine primary care office visits included the time that resident physicians and patients spoke and the number and types of interruptions. A total of 22 family practice and internal medicine residents participated, 9 from family practice and 13 from internal medicine. RESULTS: Patients spoke, uninterrupted, an average of 12 seconds after the resident entered the room. One fourth of the time, residents interrupted patients before they finished speaking. Residents averaged interrupting patients twice during a visit. The time with patients averaged 11 minutes, with the patient speaking for about 4 minutes. Computer use during the office visit accounted for more interruptions than beepers. Verbal interruptions, a knock on the door, beeper interruptions, and computer use all interfered with communication, and increased frequency of interruptions are associated with less favorable patient perceptions of the office visit. Female residents interrupted their patients less often than did male physicians. All residents interrupted female patients more often than male patients. Early and increased interruptions were associated with patients' perception that they should have talked more. Third-year residents interrupted patients less frequently than did first-year residents. CONCLUSIONS: Numerous interruptions occurred during office visits. Gender was associated with the pattern of interruptions. Physicians frequently interrupted patients before the patients were finished speaking. Computer use also interrupted physician-patient communication.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Range of normal serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM) values in Nigerians.

The serum levels of immunoglobulins G, A and M of 703 apparently healthy Nigerians resident in Ibadan and aged 1-50 years were studied. The differences in values that are related to age, sex and season were also computed. Normal values of the immunoglobulins varied with age and sex. IgG mean values for the different age groups ranged from 688 to 1251 mg/100 ml in the males and from 720 to 1038 mg/100 ml in the females. For the IgA class the mean values ranged from 81 to 211 mg/100 in the males and from 90 to 206 mg/100 ml in the females. Mean values of IgM varied from 65 to 132 mg/100 ml in the males and from 96 to 114 mg/100 ml in the females. There was a general increase in IgG levels with advancing age especially in the first 20 years of life. IgA increased progressively with age from 1 to 50 years. The male IgM levels generally rose with increasing age while there was no significant elevation in female IgM values. Females had higher levels of IgG, IgA and IgM in the first 10-20 years of life after which the levels were either the same or higher in the males. The possible reason for this observation is discussed. A significant seasonal influence on the three immunoglobulin concentrations could not be demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gaucher's disease: a clinical, morphological and biochemical study of a Nigerian family.

Two Nigerian sibling presented with progressive hepato-splenomegaly in infancy from which they subsequently died. Morphological investigations carried out showed that the children had Gaucher's disease. Leucocyte B-glucocerebrosidase activities from the parents of the two siblings and also from one surviving sibling were found to be only about 50% of the enzyme activities in control subjects while hexosaminidase and B-glucuronidase activities were within normal limits. There results showed that the three surviving relatives are heterozygotes and also provided a strong supporting evidence that the deceased children had Gaucher's disease. The occurence of this disease in African children living in Kenya, Uganda, the Congo and Nigeria, and in Black Americans suggest that this biochemical abnormality is not as rare in the Negroid race as has been believed hitherto, and may be widespread on the African continent.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in Nigerian infants.

A prospective study of 101 Nigerian infants with conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia seen over 6 years shows that extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction, idiopathic hepatitis, and bacterial infections were the common causes. A firm diagnosis was based on clinical, biochemical and histological features when the patient presented early. However, most of the infants presented late and the superimposed features of prolonged cholestasis made differentiation of the probable causes difficult. Erythrocyte peroxide haemolysis test and laparatomy aided diagnosis in these cases. Seventy five per cent of the patients with sepsis treated with antibiotics, and 70% of those with hepatitis treated symptomatically, recovered. Surgery was successful in only 15% of the patients with biliary tract obstruction. These were those who had either diverticulum of the common bile duct, localized atresia or stenosis or in whom biliary obstruction was due to viscid bile.

Alanine Transaminase↗