Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Nunziata

Publications and source records attributed to A Nunziata.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Echography in the study of an intramural hematoma of the intestines].

PURPOSE: To report our experience concerning the integrated diagnostic imaging of intestinal intramural hematoma, with special reference to the different patterns and to the accuracy of US examinations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the last 4 years we examined 7 patients with intraparietal hematoma, due to anticoagulant therapy, using real-time US. All the subjects presented with abdominal pain, sometimes associated with distention, tenderness, bleeding, hematocrit reduction, palpable mass or obstruction. The hematomas involved the duodenum in 2 cases, the jejunum in 4, and the descending colon in 1. US was performed in all patients, plain abdominal radiographs in 6, oral barium studies in 1, large bowel enema in 1, and computed tomography (CT) in 3. All patients were managed conservatively except the one with colonic location who was treated surgically. RESULTS: In all subjects, the US findings were characteristic and included clean and defined double- or multilayered thickening of the bowel wall (usually with a thick and hyperechoic inner layer and a thin and hypoechoic outer layer), undulated mucous membrane, narrowed lumen with corpuscolated fluid content and gas spots, decreased peristalsis with fixity of the images, fluid between the loops. Plain abdominal radiographs were relevant in 3 cases, showing focal intestinal distention, thickening of the intestinal wall and of the valvulae conniventes, bowel lumen narrowing and fixity of the findings. The findings were nonspecific/negative in the 2 subjects with duodenal involvement and demonstrated an intestinal obstruction in that with colonic location. Oral barium study did not provide, in the single patient examined with this tool, specific results, only causing time consumption and diagnosis delay. Barium enema was valuable in demonstrating the presence and level of the colonic obstruction due to the hematoma. Similarly to US, CT always demonstrated the intestinal changes, with a better panoramic detailing, but did not provide relevant additional information. CONCLUSION: US shows a rather characteristic spectrum of findings in the intramural intestinal hemorrhage. The US data, possibly confirming plain abdominal radiographic findings, are in most cases relevant for the correct diagnosis of intraparietal hematoma and conclusive for the diagnostic course.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[A computerized tomography sign of small bowel occlusion: the feces-like content].

PURPOSE: To assess the frequency, significance, and diagnostic role of a recently described CT sign of small bowel obstruction, the faces-like content of the enteric lumen (the small bowel feces sign). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 82 cases of small bowel obstruction, studied with CT in the last 5 years, were retrospectively reviewed to identify possible feces-like luminal content of the dilated loops above the obstruction. RESULTS: The feces sign was identified in 6 cases of small bowel obstruction (7.3%), always within ileal loops. In 5 of 6 cases there was a simple and progressive obstruction while in one there was a hyperacute onset with intestinal strangulation. CONCLUSION: In our experience this sign is relatively uncommon. It is due to the intraluminal pooling of enteric material and is generally present in subacute obstruction. The sign seems to be rather specific and may represent a useful accessory diagnostic element.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Safety and toxicological profile of the new antitussive levodropropizine.

Levodropropizine (S(-)-3-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-propane-1,2-diol, DF 526), a new antitussive drug, was submitted to toxicological studies. Acute toxicity, both oral and intraperitoneal, in rats and mice and oral toxicity in guinea-pigs was low. Subchronic and chronic toxicity studies were performed in rats and dogs. For both species the maximum tolerated oral dosage was 24 mg/kg/d. Dose-related clinical signs were observed, consisting mainly in salivation in rats and sedation, peripheral vasodilatation and increased heart rate in dogs. Liver toxicity was found in both species at higher dosages. In rats, food intake and body weight gain were reduced. There were no effects on fertility, nor any teratogenic effects. Foetal and peri- and post-natal toxic effects were observed in rats only at 150 mg/kg/d. A set of mutagenicity tests yielded negative results. Therefore, levodropropizine is safe up to dosages 10 times greater than the one intended for clinical use and only slight adverse reactions were recorded at a dosage 30 times greater.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1985

Possible adrenal involvement in hydroxyurea toxicity defense mechanisms.

Changes in blood biochemistry, resembling adrenocortical hyperfunction, induced by oral administration with hydroxyurea (HYD) at a dosage of 800 mg/Kg/d for 5 days (K+ and total protein decrease, total cholesterol increase) are not modified or enhanced (total protein) by adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy dramatically enhanced the decrease of WBC and neutrophils normally induced by HYD. Replacement therapy with corticosterone attenuated and/or delayed the above changes. Normally-functioning adrenocortical tissue may play a role in protection against HYD haematological toxicity in the rat and the drug-induced hypothalamus pituitary mediated adrenocortical activation seems to represent a mechanism capable of counteracting drug toxicity.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1984

Cadmium alters arterial baroreflex control of heart rate in the conscious rat.

In conscious rats, a single oral dose of cadmium (Cd) chloride (up to 150 mg/kg) does not alter mean arterial pressure, heart rate and pressor response to phenylephrine 3, 7, and 14 days after loading. However, 150 mg/kg of Cd reduce reflex bradycardia and increase centrally mediated vagal decrease in heart rate. Therefore, it is suggested that Cd could modify baroreflex control of heart rate through an impairment of the afferent component of the reflex.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Spontaneous neoplastic pathology in control rats -- a review.

A tabulation of neoplastic incidence in various strains of control rats from the scientific literature of 1960 to 1978 is presented. The report includes information on the strains origin, diet, age and/or weight of rats, duration of study, and type and incidence of tumors. The tabulation outlines the differences in types of neoplasms among strains and the variability of tumor incidence in a given strain, attributable to various parameters. Among these, diet is one of the most important factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Long term toxicity and carcinogenicity of a new protein source in rats.

Sprague Dawley rats were fed with yeast (Candida Maltosa) obtained by fermentation of n-Paraffins F.U. grade (C12-C19). The yeast was incorporated in the diet at 7.2, 18.4 and 34.5% by weight. Each diet was isocaloric and isoproteic with the others and with the standard diet. The yeast supplied 20, 50, 80% of the proteins of the diet respectively. 65 rats per sex per group were selected at random from over 1000 rats and assigned to each of the 4 diets for the carcinogenicity study; 57 rats per sex group were selected at random from the same 1000 rats and assigned to each of the 4 diets for the long term study. In long term study the rats were sacrificed at 3, 6, 15 and 24 months. In the carcinogenicity study the animals were kept till less than 10% of the starting number was surviving; the experiment lasted 30 months. Animals dead spontaneously or killed at the end of the trial were autopsied and the main organs fixed for histological examination. Lesions and tumours were classified. Biochemical, haematological and autopsy variations at the times of sacrifice were observed in the long term study. The experiment showed no pathological differences between controls and animals treated with 20 and 50% proteins from yeast. The group fed with 80% single cell protein showed a significant increase of malignant lymphomas incidence.

Animals↗