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Biomedical subjects

A Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to A Noguchi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Developmental changes in tropoelastin gene expression in the rat lung studied by in situ hybridization.

Gene expression for tropoelastin, the proprotein for elastin, was examined in the rat lung from 17 days of gestation (pseudoglandular stage) to adulthood by in situ hybridization using a rat-specific 35S-radiolabeled riboprobe. The tropoelastin message was present in vascular and airway smooth muscle, endothelial, septal interstitial, alveolar wall, and mesothelial cells but not in epithelial cells. With alveolar septal formation, the message in the interstitium increased progressively from 17 days of gestation, reaching a peak at 7 to 11 days postnatal. The signal in the arterial walls, in contrast, peaked between 19 days of gestation to 1 day postnatal and thereafter declined first from the outer media. The signal in general declined significantly by 21 days postnatal, and elastogenesis was virtually absent in the adult. These results support the idea that tropoelastin gene expression in the interstitium is closely associated with the centripetal progression of alveolarization, and the early postnatal decrease of tropoelastin expression in blood vessels corresponds with the sudden postnatal changes in the pulmonary hemodynamics. Furthermore, in the rat fetus and neonate, endothelial cells expressed the gene for tropoelastin and hence probably play a significant role in the formation of internal elastic lamina in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

IGF-I stimulates tropoelastin synthesis in neonatal rat pulmonary fibroblasts.

We have examined the effect of IGF-I on tropoelastin (TE) synthesis in cultured rat neonatal pulmonary fibroblasts, because this growth factor has been shown to stimulate TE synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. IGF-I stimulated TE and total protein synthesis in a dose-dependent manner even when cells were cultured in the medium supplemented with 0.5% FCS. The maximal stimulation was at IGF-I concentration 500 ng/mL and was an increase of 86 +/- 14 and 35 +/- 5% for TE and estimated total protein synthesis, respectively. There was a corresponding 95 +/- 20% increase in the TE mRNA/beta-actin mRNA ratio assessed by densitometry of the Northern blot analysis. At this low concentration of FCS, however, there was neither TE stimulation by dexamethasone alone nor in combination with IGF-I. We conclude that IGF-I stimulation of TE synthesis may occur in cells other than vascular smooth muscle cells and that there is no additive stimulation by glucocorticoids.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Mechanochemical solid state reactions of natural products for medicinal use containing hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives].

In commercial powdered natural products for medicinal use containing various combined forms of hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives such as Sennae Folium, Cassiae Semen, Rhei Rhizoma and Aloe a considerable amount of stable free radicals (ca. 10(17)-10(18) spin/g) was found to be contained by use of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectral measurements. It was also found that the vibratory milling of such powders in a metallic vessel enhanced the ESR spectral intensities, demonstrating the occurrence of mechanoradical formation. Separate experiments also demonstrated that the vibratory milling of various kinds of powdered hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives mixed with calcium oxalate has produced the mechanoradicals effectively, but they decayed gradually on standing at room temperature. It was suggested, therefore, that the mechanoradicals formed in the above natural products are metal complexes of the corresponding semiquinone anion radicals induced by solid state one electron transfer mechanism from the active metal surface, part of which is further immobilized in polymeric fibers or the like in the plant tissues.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed1991

[A histological study on the skin and hairs of PC (poor coat) mice].

Light microscopic examinations were done on the skin and hairs of PC (poor coat) mice, maintained as an inbred strain at the National Institute of Health, Japan. The structures of the epidermis, dermis, hair root sheath and the sebaceous glands were normal. Hair bulbs and hair papillae were poorly developed at anagen stage of hair cycle. Having scanty medulla, the hairs were thin and short. The hair cuticle appeared normal. These findings suggest that the defective hair growth in PC mice is caused by deficiencies in cell differentiation and/or proliferation in the hair matrix.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacokinetic analysis of the monoclonal antibody A7-neocarzinostatin conjugate administered to nude mice.

The pharmacokinetics of a disulfide linked conjugate of a murine monoclonal antibody A7 with neocarzinostatin (A7-NCS) was studied following its intravenous administration to nude mice. Disappearance of the conjugate from the circulation was biphasic: an early rapid phase was followed by a much slower phase. The conjugate was removed from the blood circulation with a half-life of 12 hr, showing nearly the same kinetics as the free antibody. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the disulfide linkage in A7-NCS was stable at least for 48 hr after administration of the conjugate to nude mice. The conjugate concentration in a human colon cancer SW1116 derived tumor reached maximum at 24 hr after injection and remained high for an additional 24 hr. The passive hemagglutination inhibition assay revealed that NCS in the conjugated form can be efficiently delivered to the target tissue. The present report indicates that A7-NCS was sufficiently stable in circulation to reach the target tumor without releasing NCS.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Treatment of posttraumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) with intravenous blocks of a mixture of corticosteroid and lidocaine: a retrospective review of 17 consecutive cases.

Seventeen consecutive patients with posttraumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) were treated with one or more regional i.v. blocks of methylprednisolone sodium succinate and lidocaine HCL after physical therapy and oral medications had failed to produce satisfactory relief of their symptoms. In 12 of these patients the upper extremity was affected, and in five, it was the lower extremity. A fracture of the distal radius was the most frequent predisposing event. The average delay between injury and the manifestation of RSDS was 2.5 months (range 2 days to almost 6 months). The index treatment in all cases started within 3 months of the onset of symptoms. The number of i.v. blocks given ranged from one to four (average 2.4). The side effects and complications were negligible. The treatment, which in most cases was given exclusively on an outpatient basis, was well tolerated by all patients except one. Assessment of 16 of them at 6 months showed that 11 had total or almost total relief of their symptoms. When 15 of the patients were reassessed at an average follow-up of 28 months (range 12-48 months), it was noted that none of the patients with an early satisfactory response experienced recurrence of their symptoms. The condition of the symptomatic patients in the interim had improved overall. Analysis of the cases with an unsatisfactory outcome suggested that the primary reason for failure was inadequate treatment rather than ineffectiveness of the treatment used. It was concluded that this method is simple, safe, and well tolerated and should be regarded as a first choice for posttraumatic RSDS.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Hepatitis C virus is a more likely cause of chronic liver disease in the Japanese population than hepatitis B virus.

508 Japanese patients with chronic liver disease, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and 500 controls matched for sex and age were studied. Antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) alone was found in 233 (45.9%) patients and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) alone was present in 128 (25.2%) patients. Both anti-HCV and HBsAg were present in 18 (3.5%) patients. Anti-HCV was found in 8 (1.6%) controls and HBsAg was present in 4 (0.8%) controls. The prevalence of anti-HCV alone was 36.9% in chronic hepatitis, 49.0% in cirrhosis and 67.0% in hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HCV increased with the progress of severity of liver disease. Anti-HCV was more prevalent than HBsAg both in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (p less than 0.001). The prevalence of anti-HCV increased with age. Among patients under age 39 years, HBsAg was detected more often than anti-HCV, however, in those over age 50 years, anti-HCV was detected more often than HBsAg (p less than 0.001). It would appear that hepatitis C virus more than hepatitis B virus is a prominent cause of chronic liver disease among Japanese patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Relationship between an involvement of Oddi's sphincter in a choledochopancreatic junction and clinical appearances in 120 patients with anomalous arrangement of the pancreatico-biliary ductal system].

We studied relationship between an involvement of Oddi's sphincter in a choledochopancreatic junction and clinical appearances in 120 patients with anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system. The 120 composed of 83 with a sphincteric mechanism at the junction of the common bile and pancreatic duct and 37 without the sphincteric mechanism. We found that influences of sphincteric mechanism at the junction closely related to the length of the common duct between an orifice of the papilla of Vater and a junction of the common bile and pancreatic duct. And in all 83 with a sphincteric mechanism at the junction the length of the common duct showed less than 1.5 cm, and in all 37 without a sphincteric mechanism at the junction the common duct showed more than 1.5 cm in length. There was no correlation between a distribution of the sphincter muscle and clinical appearances, association with congenital choledochal cyst, cholelithiasis and bile duct cancer in the 120 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Reduction of neonatal mortality after multiple doses of bovine surfactant in low birth weight neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.

To determine if outcomes of low birth weight neonates with respiratory distress syndrome can be improved by the administration of multiple doses of bovine surfactant, we conducted two identical multicenter, controlled trials, and the results were combined for analysis. Seven hundred and ninety-eight neonates weighing 600 to 1750 g at birth who had developed respiratory distress syndrome within 6 hours of birth were assigned randomly to receive either 100 mg of phospholipid/kg of Survanta, a modified bovine surfactant (n = 402), or a sham dosing procedure (n = 396). Neonates whose respiratory distress persisted could be given up to three more doses, with all doses to be given in the first 48 hours after birth. Dosing was performed by investigators not involved in the clinical care of the neonates; nursery staff were kept blinded as to the treatment assignment. Fewer Survanta-treated neonates died of any cause (18.4% vs 27.3%, P = .002), died of respiratory distress syndrome (9.0% vs 20.3%, P less than .001), and either died or developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia due to respiratory distress syndrome (51.2% vs 64.6%, P less than .001). Neonates who received Survanta also had greater improvement in their oxygenation and ventilatory status from baseline to 72 hours than did control neonates. Survanta-treated neonates were at lowered risk for developing pulmonary interstitial emphysema (18.6% vs 39.3%, P less than .001) and other pulmonary air leaks (11.5% vs 25.9%, P less than .001). We conclude that multiple doses of Survanta given after diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome reduce mortality and morbidity.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

Polyethylene glycol modification of the monoclonal antibody A7 enhances its tumor localization.

The F(ab')2 fragment of murine monoclonal antibody A7 was covalently bonded to polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight: 5000) and the conjugate was compared to the parent F(ab')2 fragment by in vitro and in vivo studies. PEG-conjugated antibody fragment retained its antigen-binding activity in a competitive radioimmunoassay. The conjugate had a longer half-life and showed increased accumulation in tumors. Although the tumor: blood ratio for parent F(ab')2 fragment was higher than that for the conjugate, it showed higher value than whole MAb A7. The tissue: blood ratios were kept low with the conjugate, indicating that the conjugate was uptaken to normal organ with lesser extent, as compared with parent F(ab')2 fragment. Our findings indicate that this PEG-conjugated F(ab')2 fragment could be a promising carrier for use in targeting cancer chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Intraoperative cleansing of the impacted colon using an endotracheal tube.

A simple technique for intraoperative cleansing of the impacted colon is described. Saline-irrigation through the torn balloon of the endotracheal tube (38 French) and massaging the impacted feces facilitated drainage of the obstructed colon. This technique was done in two emergent colon operations and immediate anastomosis could be performed safely. An endotracheal tube is always available in an operating room, so this technique is useful and effective in an emergent colon operation without special preparation.

Colon↗
PubMed1990

Frequency of concurrence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in a large number of carriers in Okinawa, Japan.

A large number of chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers in Okinawa, Japan were tested for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), by both radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay methods. Concurrence of HBsAg and anti-HBs was found in 166 (26.1%). We found no clear predominance of either liver damage or hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the concurrent carriers studied. Antibody to pre-S2 antigen (anti-pre-S2) was detected in 16 (9.6%) of 166 subjects with concurrent markers, 15 of these 16 carriers were positive for antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe). Anti-pre-S2 was correlated with anti-HBe rather than with anti-HBs. The distribution of HBsAg subtypes among carriers determined to have subtypes was 76.7% adw, 22.0% adr, 0.2% ayr, 0.9% adwr, and 0.2% adyr. The distribution of anti-HBs subtypes among concurrent carriers was 51.5% anti-r, 21.4% anti-w, 15.5% anti-d, and 10.7% anti-y. Concurrent carriers had HBsAg of one subtype and heterotypic anti-HBs. Because the HBsAg subtype ay is rare in this area, it is hard to believe that the concurrent carriers with anti-y were infected with hepatitis B virus of which the HBsAg subtype was ay. A dual infection was highly unlikely. It seems that some of the concurrent carriers correlate with compound subtypes adwr and adyr.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of IgM anti-HBc among HBsAg carriers in Okinawa, Japan.

To evaluate the presence of IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, serial serum specimens of 698 carriers in Okinawa, Japan, from infants to adults, were studied by radioimmunoassay. IgM anti-HBc was detected in 7.6% of these carriers, with no difference between the sexes. The prevalence of IgM anti-HBc was higher in the age groups 0-9, 50-59 and over 60 than in the age group 20-29 and 30-39 years. In hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive carriers, the prevalence of IgM anti-HBc was 15.4%, a value significantly higher than in the HBeAg-negative carriers at 6.6%. In carriers with liver damage, the prevalence of IgM anti-HBc was 33.3%, a level significantly higher than the 6.3% in carriers without liver damage. However, IgM anti-HBc was detected in 34 carriers with neither HBeAg nor liver damage. These carriers are being closely followed. We discussed the presence of IgM anti-HBc in association with HBeAg or liver damage. The presence of IgM anti-HBc among HBsAg carriers was closely associated with liver damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Marked decrease of hepatitis B virus infection among children in Okinawa, Japan.

During the period 1980-1989 in Okinawa, Japan, serologic markers of hepatitis B infection (hepatitis B surface antigen; HBsAg, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen; anti-HBc) were investigated in nursery school children (1-4 years of age). Prevalences of HBsAg were 1.1-1.5% in the period from 1980-1984, but decreased to under 1.0% in the period from 1985. In 1989 there were two carriers in nursery schools, both born in 1985 or fathers who were HBsAg carriers. Prevalences of anti-HBc were 3.3-7.1% in the period from 1980-1983 with a decrease to 0.5% by 1988. Since hepatitis B vaccine was available for neonates whose mothers were HBsAg carriers with hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) and for nursery school children in 1983, hepatitis B virus infection among nursery school children and HBsAg carriers due to transmission from mother-to-child were markedly reduced. This strategy for immunization is useful in endemic areas. Immunization for children whose fathers are HBsAg carriers may also be necessary.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Antibody to p40tax protein of human T cell leukemia virus 1 and infectivity.

To investigate the physiologic significance of antibody to human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) tax gene product (p40tax), 147 male and 243 female HTLV-1 carriers were examined for anti-p40tax, and 104 carriers were checked for anti-p40tax an average of 5.4 times during an 8-year period. Prevalence of anti-p40tax was significantly higher in female (62.6%) than in male subjects (51.0%; P less than .05). Anti-p40tax status did not change in most during the observation period. There were significantly more HTLV-1 carriers among children of anti-p40tax-positive mothers (45.3%) than among those from anti-p40tax-negative mothers (20.0%; P less than .01). However, no significant difference was observed between wives of p40tax-positive and -negative men. The p40tax antibody may be a marker of relative infectivity of HTLV-1, albeit an imperfect one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Clinical study of urinary excretion of Ga-67.

Ga-67 urinary excretion was examined in 59 patients. The 72-hour urinary excretion rate ranged from 4.3 to 67.8% of the injected dose. Within the first 24 hours, 60.9% of the 72-hour urinary excretion was excreted. There was no significant difference in the Ga-67 urinary excretion rate between males and females, nor between the Ga-67 positive and negative cases. A significant negative correlation was found between the 72-hour Ga-67 urinary excretion rate and the unsaturated iron binding capacity. Notably, four patients with hyperferremia, which was considered secondary to leukemia and/or chemotherapy or liver cirrhosis, excreted more than 46.8% of Ga-67 within 72 hours. A significant negative correlation was also found between the 72-hour Ga-67 urinary excretion rate and age. Urinary excretion of Ga-67 may be related to the glomerular filtration rate, which decreases with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Study of seroconversion of antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I in children of Okinawa, Japan.

From 1983 to 1986, 1,813 children in nursery schools in Ishigaki Island and 1,228 children under 15 years old in the rural area in the Yaeyama District of Okinawa, Japan, were tested for anti-HTLV-I; 18 children (1.0%) in Ishigaki Island and 39 children (3.2%) in the rural area were positive. In order to survey when anti-HTLV-I developed in these children, their older serum samples were investigated retrospectively for 1 to 5 years. Two cases of seroconversion from anti-HTLV-I negative to positive were found between the age of 2 and 4, and there were no cases of seroconversion over 4 years old. Among the children who suffered maternal transmission of HTLV-I and developed anti-HTLV-I before the age of 15, about 80% of the children were considered to have anti-HTLV-I before the age of 2, and the remainder developed anti-HTLV-I before the age of 4.

Adolescent↗