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Biomedical subjects

A Nishio

Publications and source records attributed to A Nishio.

239 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Diffuse intrahepatic recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: An early diffuse type in the pattern of the postoperative intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma has been recognized. The purpose of this study was to elucidate risk factors for diffuse recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODOLOGY: The subjects involved in the present study were 114 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas resected in Tenri Hospital during the past 12 years. Univariate analysis was used for retrospective determination of the factors related to diffuse recurrences after surgery in 10 cases among 114 patients. RESULTS: The risk factors linked to diffuse recurrence were microscopical portal infiltration (P < 0.01), elevated alpha-fetoprotein (more than 1000 ng/mL) (P < 0.05), the absence of preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization (P < 0.01), and two or more segmentectomies of the liver (P < 0.01). Six of 10 patients with microscopical portal infiltration and elevated alpha-fetoprotein (more than 1000 ng/mL) had diffuse recurrence (P < 0.01). Six of 8 patients with two or more segmentectomies without preoperative TAE had diffuse recurrence (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: When patients with the diagnosis of operable hepatocellular carcinoma have portal infiltration and elevated alpha-fetoprotein (more than 1000 ng/mL), two or more segmentectomies of the liver without preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization should be avoided.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis and treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that predominantly occurs in middle-aged women of various ethnic and racial populations. The disease slowly progresses over decades and is supposed to be caused by immune reactions against host antigens. Histologically, it is characterized by inflammatory destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts, subsequent fibrosis, and finally liver cirrhosis. It is more frequently diagnosed now than in the past probably because of a greater awareness of the disease. There is only week association of PBC with genetic markers. Liver function tests reveal an elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels with or without elevated aminotransferase levels. The hallmark of the disease is the presence of antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs), which are found in 95% of patients with PBC. AMAs have been shown to be directed against the 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complexes located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. However, AMA titers do not correlate with the disease severity of progression, and the role of AMAs in the pathogenesis of PBC has not been shown. The disease is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma and thyroid disorders. Most therapeutic efforts have been directed at altering the immune response. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) appears to be effective therapy in preventing or delaying the need for liver transplantation and improving survival. However, a number of patients receiving UDCA still develop progressive disease and go on to transplantation, which is an effective therapy at the end stage of the disease. Various prognostic models have been proposed to estimate the survival probability and assist in the determination of the optimum timing of liver transplantation.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative vasodilator effects of magnesium salts on rat mesenteric arterioles and venules.

In vivo studies were undertaken to investigate the comparative effects of different magnesium (Mg) salts (i.e., MgCl2, MgSO4, Mg acetate, Mg aspartate HCl) on arterioles (10-20 microns i.d.) and venules (15-30 microns i.d.) of the mesenteric circulation of the pentobarbitone-anesthetized rat. Perivascular administration of these Mg salts (topical doses = 0.1-100 mumoles) produced dose-dependent vasodilatation (5-50% increases in lumen size) of arterioles and venules almost instantaneously. Arterioles were more sensitive than venules to topical MgCl2 and MgSO4 but not to either Mg aspartate HCl or Mg acetate. Intra-arterial infusion of the Mg salts (1-40 mumoles/min, i.e., 5-400 mumol/kg/min for 20 min) at each dose produced vasodilatation, i.e. 10-80% increases in lumen size of mesenteric arterioles; doses above 10 mumoles/min sometimes produced bleeding from venules. Systemic i.v. infusion (1-40 mumoles/min) of all 4 Mg salts lowered systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure dose-dependently; however, the degree or presence of vasodilatation noted in the microvessels was not always correlated with the falls in arterial blood pressure. Intravenous administration of the Mg salts resulted in dose-dependent elevation in plasma Mg (0.3-4.7 mg/dl, over control levels); increments in plasma Mg were noted as soon as 1 min after the start of the infusion. Plasma Mg levels wre higher with inorganic salts and peaked more rapidly. Large i.v. doses of Mg salts (i.e., greater than 20 mumoles/min) induced some bleeding from the venules which varied with the anion. Administration of a variety of pharmacological receptor antagonists and a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor did not interfere with vasodilatation of arterioles or venules induced by Mg salts. These results indicate that magnesium ions: 1) are vasodilators of intact microscopic mesenteric resistance and capacitance microvessels; and 2) bring about vasodilatation by direct actions on microvascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, our data indicate that the anion associated with Mg appears to exert significant influences on microvascular tone.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Socket and cup surface replacement of the hip.

To improve the surgical results of severe osteoarthritis of the hip, surface replacement of the hip using a double cup without cement was employed on 75 hips during the period from 1972 to 1977. The results of the procedures have been analyzed on 67 hips followed for more than 6 months. The most dramatic improvement following the procedure has been pain relief, observed in 58 of 67 hips (86%). Three reoperations were necessary. Failures were treated satisfactorily either by total hip replacement, or by arthrodesis and/or by placing a new cup on the head respectively. There was no operative death, pulmonary embolism, thrombophlebitis, nor deep infection. We do not think this procedure replaces more definitive surgery such as the Charnley-type total hip replacement, but it is a good adjunctive procedure particularly in patients younger than 60 years of age.

Acetabulum↗