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Biomedical subjects

A Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to A Nishimura.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Randomized controlled study on adjuvant immunochemotherapy with carmofur (HCFU) for noncuratively resected and unresected gastric cancer].

To evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant immunochemotherapy, especially the long-term administration of HCFU to patients with noncuratively resected and unresected gastric cancer, a randomized controlled study was conducted by 16 institutions in Hokkaido. After surgery, 185 patients were divided into two groups using the envelope method; group A (84 patients) treated by MMC (4 mg, twice a week, total 1 mg/kg)+OK-432 (or PSK): group B (101 patients) treated with MMC+OK-432+HCFU (600 mg, per day). The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 9.8 and 3.1% in group A, and 11.1 and 11.1% in group B (p=0.062). Better survival rates were obtained in those cases with unresected, S3, or peritoneal dissemination in group B. These results suggested the long-term administration of HCFU was effective for noncuratively resected and unresected gastric cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1996

[The preventive effect of weekly high-dose 5-FU infusion (WHF) after resection of hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer].

Hepatic metastasis is often found even after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. This implies that the micrometastasis already existed in residual liver when the resection was performed, and so complete recovery with resection alone is rare. We have been using a weekly high-dose 5-FU HAI (WHF = 5-FU 1,000 mg/m2/5 hrs/qw) since 1991, which has preventive effects for metastasis in residual liver as compared to a group treated without infusion chemotherapy. Hepatectomy was performed in 30 of 113 cases of hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer during the past 16 years. For comparison, we divided the 30 cases into group A1 (16 cases H1:12, H2:4), which received hepatectomy only, and group A2 (14 cases H1:8, H2:4, H3:2), which additionally received infusion chemotherapy. The 1- and 3-year (cumulative) survival rates were 64.6% and 32.3% in group A1, and 100% and 75.3% in group A2 respectively in which the treatment outcome was significantly higher. The 1- and 3-year recurrence rates were 41.7 and 66.3 in group A1, and 8.3% each in group A2, respectively, which reveals that metastasis in residual liver was controlled in group A2. Other metastases were seen in lung (6 cases), bone (2 cases), hepatic hilar lymph node (3 cases), brain (1 case) and local (3 cases) in group A1, while only one metastasis in each brain and locally was seen in group A2 so far. WHF after resection of hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer has a preventive effect not only for the recurrence in residual liver but also for other metastases. Therefore, as improvement in the survival rate is expected.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Possibility of 5-HT3 receptor involvement in alcohol dependence: a microdialysis study of nucleus accumbens dopamine and serotonin release in rats with chronic alcohol consumption.

The present study was performed to examine the involvement of serotonin-3 (5-HT3) receptors in the rat nucleus accumbens (ACC) in alcohol dependence. In alcohol-treated rats, perfusion of 40 mM K+ and 100 mM ethanol (EtOH) through the microdialysis probe increased the extracellular levels of ACC dopamine (DA), compared with controls. Perfusion of the serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitor sertlarine enhanced the extracellular levels of ACC 5-HT in both groups. Increased 5-HT availability in the synaptic clefts on the ACC further activated ACC DA release in the alcohol-treated rats, in comparison with controls. In the final experiments, perfusion of the 5.0 microM 5-HT3 receptor agonist 2-methyl-5-HT (2-Me-5-HT) through the microdialysis probe enhanced the extracellular levels of ACC DA. Magnitude of 2-Me-5-HT-induced DA release was significantly higher in alcohol-treated rats than in controls. On the other hand, 40 mM K(+)- and 100 mM EtOH-induced extracellular 5-HT release in alcohol-treated rats were markedly inhibited. These results show that (1) chronic alcohol intake increases the sensitivity of 5-HT3 receptors, (2) 5-HT3 receptors regulate DA release in the ACC, (3) the dopaminergic neuronal systems associated with 5-HT3 ionophore in the ACC were upregulated after chronic alcohol exposure, and (4) chronic alcohol intake desensitizes the serotonergic neuronal systems in rat ACC. These findings suggest that neurochemical functions of 5-HT3 receptors in regulating DA release in the ACC after alcohol exposure compensate for the dysfunction of serotonergic activity to restore the original properties in processing alcohol tolerance and that the development of alcohol dependence may be mediated by ACC 5-HT3 receptors.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1996

[A case of so-called carcinosarcoma of the lung].

A 69-year-old male was followed at our institute for the purpose of hemo-dialization. During follow-up, a tumor shadow (phi 6.5 x 7.0 cm) was found in rt. S5 by chest X-ray. This tumor was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma by TBLB. Right middle lobectomy (R 2 a) was performed. Histological staging was pT 2 N 2 M 0, stage IIIa. This tumor was cystic, filled with keratin like substance. Histologically, the cyst wall was composed of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and sarcomatous stroma which didn't differentiate into bone, cartilage, muscle, and etc. Immunohistologically, sarcomatous stroma was positively stained by vimentin, negatively by keratin and EMA. This patient survived 7 months with recurrence.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Age-related decrease of serotonergic fibres and S-100 beta immunoreactivity in the rat dentate gyrus.

The age-related changes of serotonergic fibres and S-100 beta-positive astrocytes in the rat dentate gyrus were examined using immunohistochemistry. A significant reduction in the number of the serotonergic fibres and S-100 beta-positive astrocytes was observed throughout the dentate gyrus of the aged rat. A positive correlation was noted between the decrease of serotonergic fibres and S-100 beta-positive astrocytes in the aged rat dentate gyrus. These findings support the hypothesis that the age-related degeneration of serotonergic fibres in the dentate gyrus is caused by the decrease in serotonergic neurotrophic factor S-100 beta in the astrocytes.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in treatment of intractable epilepsy: neurochemical analysis of CSF monoamine metabolites.

The efficacy of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in children with intractable epilepsy was investigated and changes in cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites were analyzed. The 18 patients had either West syndrome (12 patients) or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (6 patients), which was intractable to antiepileptic drug therapy and to adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-tartrate was administered for 4 weeks. Before and after the thyrotropin-releasing hormone administration, cerebrospinal fluid was collected and analyzed for 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, kynurenine, homovanillic acid, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl glycol. The patients were classified into 3 groups, based on seizure frequency and electroencephalographic effects: cessation of seizures and seizure discharges (very effective; group A), reduction of seizures and/or seizure discharges (effective; group B), and no changes in frequency of seizures or discharges (not effective; group C). There were 6 patients in group A, 3 in group B, and 9 in group C. There were no significant differences in monoamine metabolites before and after the thyrotropin-releasing hormone therapy. A trial of thyrotropin-releasing hormone for the treatment of intractable epilepsy is warranted and further study is required on the mechanism of the antiepileptic action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Developmental changes in P300 wave elicited during two different experimental conditions.

Age-related correlations on auditory event-related potentials were studied using a task-relevant oddball paradigm in 175 normal subjects aged 4-21 years and age-related correlations in the "ignore" condition were studied in 108 normal subjects aged 1-21 years. In the ignore condition, subjects more than 4 years of age were instructed to read a book to divert attention from the auditory stimulus. From 4 to about 17 years of age, the latencies of task-relevant P300 in event-related potentials (ERPs) gradually shortened. In the ignore condition experiment, the P300 latency shortened progressively, but stabilized at about 12 years of age. Whereas P300 in the ignore condition likely corresponds to P3a described previously (passive attention), the conventional P300 wave corresponds to P3b (active attention). The findings indicate a developmental difference between the P3a and P3b potential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Detection of measles virus nucleoprotein mRNA in autopsied brain tissues.

By means of RT-PCR, a portion of measles virus (MV) mRNA encoding nucleoprotein (NP) could be detected in 11 (18%) of 61 brain tissue samples obtained from administrative autopsy cases, who apparently had not suffered from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)-like central nervous system disorders. Most of the brain-derived NP sequences showed significant asynonymous nucleotide substitutions when compared with wild-type MV isolates and SSPE virus. Our present results suggest that MV commonly persists in the human brain without causing apparent clinical symptoms, probably due to decreased virus replication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Epidemiological investigation of insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X) in a city in Japan.

1. In order to study the prevalence of insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X) in Japanese subjects, inhabitants aged above 40 years living in Osaka-Sayama city from September 1992 through December 1993 were investigated. The population-based study was performed on 2498 subjects (661 males and 1837 females) constituting 10.9% of the total population aged above 40 years. 2. The prevalence of glucose intolerance was 8.7% (n = 218) in 2498 subjects. The prevalence of hypertension was 36.9% (n = 923) and that of hypertriglyceridaemia was 19.0% (n = 475). The prevalence of syndrome X as characterized by an association of glucose intolerance, hypertension and hypertriglyceridaemia was 1.6% (n = 39) in all subjects examined and 17.4% in subjects showing glucose intolerance. 3. Fasting serum insulin levels were significantly higher in patients with syndrome X than in normal subjects. Furthermore, the levels were significantly correlated with blood levels of frucutosamine, fasting glucose and triglyceride, and with body mass index as well. 4. In conclusion, insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X) is also found among the larger Japanese population, and fasting serum insulin levels can be a useful marker of this metabolic disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Isolation and characterization of a novel 5-oxoprolinase (without ATP-hydrolyzing) from Alcaligenes faecalis N-38A.

A screening test was undertaken to isolate a microorganism that produced 5-oxoprolinase (without ATP-hydrolyzing). The 5-oxoprolinase (without ATP-hydrolyzing) activity (decyclization activity toward L-pyroglutamate) was found in a cell-free extract of Alcaligenes faecalis N-38A, newly isolated from a soil sample. The enzyme was purified as a homogeneous preparation. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 47,000. The decyclization activity was specific for L-pyroglutamate, and independent of ATP and metal ions. The reaction was a reversible one, i.e., cyclization reaction of L-glutamate to yield pyroglutamate was identified.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1995

[Preventive chemotherapy for residual liver after resection of hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer].

We compared 12 cases treated with intra-arterial chemotherapy (group A), with 15 cases only undergoing the usual hepatectomy (June 1991-February 1995). Six cases in group A were H1, 4 were H2, and 2 were H3; 12 cases in group B were H1, and 3 were H2. In both groups, primary lesions were removed. All cases received high-dose intermittent 5-FU infusion (WHF) at 1,000 mg/m2 via a reservoir for 5 hours a week at the outpatient clinic. Cumulative survival rates for 1 and 3 years are 100% and 68.6%, respectively, in group A, and 58.7% and 25.2% in group B, which indicates the treatment outcome in group A was significantly better. Recurrence in residual liver was not found in group A except for one case whose tumor was unremoved, but it was found in 8 cases (53.3%) in group B up to this writing. CEA value after resection in group A was within the normal range except for one case with a local recurrence. It seems that intra-arterial 5-FU infusion chemotherapy for residual liver after resection of hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer has a preventive effect on residual liver, and the improvement of the cumulative survival rate can be expected.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Clinical abnormalities in adults with pancreaticobiliary maljunction with and without bile-duct dilatation.

OBJECTIVE: To study clinical diseases associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction with or without bile-duct dilatation. DESIGN: A retrospective study over 16 years. SETTING: A single university surgical service in Japan. PATIENTS: Thirty-three patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gallstones and cancer in patients with and without bile-duct dilatation. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients had dilatation of the bile duct, 8 did not. Seven (28%) of the 25 patients with bile-duct dilatation had gallstones compared with 1 (12%) of the 8 patients with no dilatation. Seven (88%) of the 8 patients with no dilatation had carcinoma (all of the gallbladder), but only 3 (12%) of the 25 patients with bile-duct dilatation had carcinoma (1 of the gallbladder, 2 of the bile duct). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic cholecystectomy is recommended for patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction and no dilatation of the bile duct because of the high incidence of gallbladder cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The mechanism of cardiorespiratory arrest due to subarachnoid hemorrhage].

This report describes the clinical course of patients with sudden cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) due to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We have seen fifteen patients of SAH that presented initially as CRA. All of them were diagnosed as SAH by CT scan. The patients were divided into two groups; one group (early DOA group) included 11 patients, who had been recognized as CRA within 60 minutes from the onset of SAH, the other group (late DOA group) consisted of 4 patients, who developed CRA more than 60 minutes after the initial onset. The major mechanism leading to delayed CRA in the late DOA group appeared to have been from brain stem herniation, but another mechanism appeared to be involved in sudden CRA in the early DOA group. Sixty percent of our patients with CRA due to SAH had a low serum potassium concentration, though hypokalemia was observed in only 4 out of 100 patients with CRA due to diseases other than SAH. These facts suggest that sympathetic hyperstimulation might result not only from stress but also from a disorder of the central autonomic nervous system. We speculate that the mechanism leading to early CRA after SAH appears to result from a disorder of the central autonomic nerve system.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Introduction of DNA into sea urchin eggs by particle gun.

We have applied the particle gun method, which was developed to introduce DNA into plant cells, to sea urchin eggs and have obtained excellent expression of the introduced DNA in the embryos. The expression can be normalized by concomitantly-introducing a reference construct. The method provides a new approach to quantitative analysis of cis-regulatory elements in sea urchin embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effect of extraction methods. The kind of organ samples and the examination delay on the DNA yields and typing.

This study investigated the effect of DNA extraction methods, examination delay and the kind of organs samples to the DNA yields and typing. Thirty autopsy cases with postmortem period less than 12 hours were used as the sample resources. The DNA was successfully extracted from cerebral cortex, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, kidney, psoas muscle and prostate gland by Bar and Kirby methods. The spectrophotometric measurement showed that the spleen, lymph nodes, kidney and liver provided more DNA rather than the other organs. The agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the majority of the samples had High Molecular Weight-DNA (HMW-DNA) with variable degree of degradation. All of these DNA were successfully typed on the D1S80 locus using the PCR according to Kasai method. The spleen samples were collected from the same cases and stored at -20 degrees C for 1 to 6 weeks before the DNA extraction was performed. The analysis of the DNA extracted from these samples showed that the DNA yields and typing did not change significantly among the samples with examination delay up to 6 weeks after the sample collection. The comparison between the Bar and Kirby methods showed that the Kirby method resulted in more DNA yields with the same purity of DNA, but less HMW-DNA compared with Bar method.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1995

[Penetrating injury of the head, neck and chest by a nail-gun: a case report].

A very rare case of directly penetrating injury of the head, neck and chest caused by a nail-gun was reported. A 56-year-old male was admitted to our critical care center due to chest injury. On admission, he showed numbness of the hand & leg, left hemiparesis and hypalgesia. Physical examination disclosed three nails on the left anterior chest, but other wounds or nails were not found. Chest films showed three nails penetrating the lung without reaching the heart, but other nails were found by skull and neck films. One nail had penetrated the cervical canal at the C1 level through the posterolateral cervical region. Two other nails were demonstrated at the right temporal and the left frontal region, Computed tomography revealed no massive cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral angiography showed no extravasation and no passage through main vessels. Emergency surgery was performed uneventfully and the nails in the chest, neck and head were totally removed. He was discharged one month after surgery. Some injuries caused by a nail-gun have been reported in the world literature but in Japan this multiple injury case was the first reported. Since nail-gun injuries can cause multiple damage, systemic X-ray examination was very important.

Cervical Vertebrae↗