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Biomedical subjects

A Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to A Nilsson.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Long-chain Acyl-CoA levels in liver from rats fed high-fat diets: is it of significance for an increased peroxisomal beta-oxidation?

The levels of long-chain acyl-CoA in the livers of rats given diets containing various amounts of dietary oils were investigated. Increasing the amount of soybean oil in the diet from 5% to 25% (w/w) led to a 40% increase in long-chain acyl-CoA. With partially hydrogenated marine oil, a sigmoidal dose-response curve was obtained, giving a 60% increase when 20% or more of this oil was in the diet. All high-fat diets tested resulted in higher levels of long-chain acyl-CoA than the low-fat control containing soybean oil. The increase was most prominent with partially hydrogenated marine and rapeseed oils. With diets containing partially hydrogenated marine oil, the ratio of long-chain acyl-CoA to acid-soluble CoA was increased after 3 days, but decreased after 3 weeks, to a value similar to that observed in animals fed soybean oil because of an extensive increase in acid-soluble CoA. Increased levels of long-chain acyl-CoA were also observed after clofibrate was administered, but the increase was less prominent than observed with high-fat diets. When comparing the levels of long-chain acyl-CoA observed after 3 days on different diets with the peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity previously determined after 3 weeks on the corresponding diets, a straight line was obtained. These results are discussed in relation to the possibility that long-chain acyl-CoA induces peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1984

Inhibitory effect of glucocorticosteroids on anti-IgE-induced histamine release from human basophilic leukocytes: evidence for a dual mechanism of action.

Anti-IgE-induced histamine release from human leukocytes is inhibited when the cells before challenge are cultured overnight in the presence of glucocorticoids (GCSs). The present report suggests that the GCSs might exert their effect by at least a dual mechanism of action. Histamine release was induced by a suboptimum concentration of anti-IgE. When the release recorded in the presence of the steroid is plotted against the release recorded in its absence, the data points of several experiments fit a regression line characterized by two parameters: its slope and its intercept with the abscissa. Structure-activity examination with selected GCSs indicates that the orders of potency for affecting these two parameters are not identical. Furthermore, pulse experiments suggest that the cells require different times of contact with the steroid to express inhibition according to the two parameters. The removal of adherent cells or platelets did not markedly affect the degree of leukocyte histamine release or its inhibition by a given GCS, suggesting that the steroid interacts directly with the basophil. Finally, steroid-induced inhibition was not affected by the putative phospholipase A2-inhibitor p-bromophenacylbromide (BPB) or the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA).

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1984

Midazolam as induction agent prior to inhalational anaesthesia: a comparison with thiopentone.

Midazolam, a new water-soluble benzodiazepine, was compared with thiopentone as an induction agent prior to inhalational anaesthesia. Induction time, cardiovascular response and venous sequelae were studied in 100 healthy in-patients randomly divided into two groups. Midazolam proved to be a good alternative to thiopentone, the longer induction time being compensated by a lower incidence and duration of apnoea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Functional evaluation of anterior urethral strictures with combined antegrade and retrograde urethrography.

The merits of radiological examination for functional evaluation of urethral strictures of the anterior male urethra were studied by comparing the results of combined retro- and antegrade urethrography with the patient's maximum urinary flow-rate. A correlation was found between stricture diameter and maximum flow-rate (r=0.67) and a still higher correlation between the ratio stricture diameter-prestenotic urethral diameter and the flow-rate (r=0.73). A low but significant (p less than 0.05) negative correlation was obtained between the prestenotic urethral diameter and the flow-rate (r=0.25).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Control of the human head louse with disulfiram and benzyl benzoate emulsions. A laboratory study.

The effects of disulfiram, benzyl benzoate and DDT, all components of a common preparation (Tenutex) for the control of the head louse, were tested on louse eggs. A significant higher mortality of eggs was evident after treatment with (i) disulfiram, (ii) benzyl benzoate, (iii) these two substances mixed, and (iv) Tenutex. DDT in this concentration had no effect on the survival of the eggs. Long-time exposure to Tenutex and Tenutex without DDT significantly lowered the hatching frequency of eggs. Almost no hatching occurred after exposure for 24 hours. The survival of larvae hatched from eggs treated with Tenutex was lower than for those treated with Tenutex without DDT. DDT seemed to have an effect primarily on the survival of larvae. Newly hatched larvae were more sensitive to the two Tenutex preparations than older larvae.

Benzoates↗
PubMed1984

Normal reference interval for thyrotropin response to thyroliberin: dependence on age, sex, free thyroxin index, and basal concentrations of thyrotropin.

We measured the thyrotropin response (delta TSH) to 200 micrograms of thyroliberin in 131 subjects without thyroid dysfunction or other disease and with basal values for thyroid function that were within the normal reference intervals for our laboratory. By univariate and multivariate statistical methods we found delta TSH to be significantly influenced by the basal concentration of thyrotropin (TSH0) and the free thyroxin index (FT4I). When the effects of variations in TSH0 and FT4I were eliminated, delta TSH in men under 40 years of age did not differ from that in women. A decrease in delta TSH with increasing age was found in men but not in women. Thus a reference interval for delta TSH should consider TSH0, FT4I, and, in men, age. On the basis of multiple linear regression analysis, we constructed a formula for delta TSH reference intervals that takes into account individual values for TSH0 and FT4I. The formula should be applicable for women, regardless of age, up to 77 years and for men under 40 years. For older men a correction for the age-related decrease in delta TSH must be applied.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Smoking habits in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

The proportion of smokers in this study was significantly lower among patients with ulcerative colitis (13%) than among patients with Crohn's disease (47%), the difference being significant for both sexes and for the age groups both below and above 40 years. The proportion of male ex-smokers among patients with ulcerative colitis (28%) was higher than among patients with Crohn's disease (8%), whereas the proportions of non-smokers differed less. Many of the patients with ulcerative colitis who had a late onset were male ex-smokers. The smoking patients with ulcerative colitis were mainly women. They smoked less than the smoking patients with Crohn's disease and less than the ex-smokers in each group. No smoking patient with ulcerative colitis smoked greater than 20 cigarettes/day. In the group of male ex-smokers with ulcerative colitis, there was an accumulation of onsets during the 4 years after the definitive smoking stop. The number of colectomies performed on patients with ulcerative colitis did not vary with smoking habits. In the group of ex-smokers the colectomy was performed after the smoking stop in 19 out of 20 patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Conjugated bile salts in gastric aspirates after gastric resection.

Reflux of bile salts into the gastric remnant is believed to have a causal role in the pathogenesis of alkaline reflux gastritis and perhaps also in gastric stump carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to describe changes occurring in conjugated bile acid composition in gastric aspirates from patients with gastric resection. The results show that the total conjugated bile acid concentration was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in patients with gastric resection (3236 microM) than in a control group (349 microM). The composition of conjugated bile acids in the gastric remnant has a distribution with relatively more deoxycholic acid present than in human bile. This secondary bile acid is known to produce a severer degree of mucosal damage than primary bile acids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A role for hepatic lipase in chylomicron and high density lipoprotein phospholipid metabolism.

The rate of removal of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine from the plasma of rats treated with antiserum to hepatic lipase was measured. The hepatic lipase antiserum was injected intravenously into animals prior to injection of 32P-labeled chylomicrons or 32P-labeled high density lipoproteins. In experiments in which 32P-labeled chylomicrons were injected, antiserum treatment inhibited removal of [32P]phosphatidylethanolamine from chylomicrons, and the unlabeled serum phosphatidylethanolamine levels increased 2-2.5-fold in 30 min. In contrast, hepatic lipase antiserum had no significant effect on the clearance of chylomicron [32P]phosphatidylcholine or on unlabeled phosphatidylcholine concentrations in serum after injection of chylomicrons. In experiments in which 32P-labeled high density lipoproteins were injected, the inhibitory effect of the antiserum on the rapid removal of [32P]phosphatidylethanolamine from the circulation was even more marked than its effect on the removal from chylomicrons. The removal of high density lipoprotein phosphatidylcholine on the other hand was unaffected by the antiserum, although a moderate increase in serum phosphatidylcholine concentration was seen. In antiserum-treated rats injected with 32P-labeled chylomicrons or high density lipoproteins, hepatic [32P]phosphatidylethanolamine radioactivity was decreased. Significantly more [32P]phosphatidylethanolamine was recovered from blood plus liver in the antiserum-treated rats, indicating that the antiserum inhibited the overall degradation of injected [32P]phosphatidylethanolamine. The data suggest that phosphatidylethanolamine is a preferred substrate for hepatic lipase in the metabolism of chylomicron and high density lipoprotein phospholipid.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Hydrolysis of chylomicron retinyl esters by an acid hydrolase of rat liver.

Rat liver homogenate hydrolyzed chylomicron remnant retinyl esters with pH optima 4.5, 6 and 8. The retinyl ester hydrolysis at pH 4.5 was correlated to the acid phosphatase activity in different subcellular fractions, and thus the highest activity was found in highly purified lysosomes. These fractions could also catalyze the reverse reaction, i.e., the esterification of retinol when incubated with excess palmitic acid. Purified rat liver lysosomes hydrolyzed chylomicron retinyl and cholesteryl esters with comparable rates, both being much lower than the hydrolysis of chylomicron triacylglycerols.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of serum from trypsin inhibitor fed rats on enzyme secretion and protein synthesis by exocrine pancreatic cells.

Oral feeding of trypsin inhibitor is known to stimulate rat pancreatic enzyme secretion and cause hypertrophy of the pancreas. In an attempt to detect a possible serum factor(s) responsible, the effects of serum from trypsin inhibitor fed rats on enzyme secretion and protein synthesis by isolated exocrine rat pancreatic cells in suspension were studied. Serum from trypsin inhibitor fed rats stimulated the secretion of pancreatic enzymes significantly more than serum from control rats. The data suggest that a humoral factor or factors may be involved in the stimulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion by oral trypsin inhibitor. Serum from trypsin inhibitor fed rats as well as serum from control rats stimulated the 3H-leucine incorporation into protein (protein synthesis) to a significant extent. There was, however, no difference in the effects of the two types of sera in this respect.

Amylases↗
PubMed1982

Postprandial effects of dietary phosphatidylcholine on plasma lipoproteins in man.

To evaluate the effects of dietary phospholipids on plasma lipoproteins in the postprandial phase six normolipidemic men were fed alternatively a test meal rich in phosphatidylcholine and a control meal low in phosphatidylcholine. Plasma very low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and high-density lipoproteins were isolated at 2, 4 and 6 h after the meals. The changes in lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid after feeding the phospholipid-rich meal were indistinguishable from those after the low-phospholipid meal. The phospholipid composition in high-density lipoproteins was also unchanged. The amount of phosphatidylcholine used in this trial was approximately 10-fold higher than that found in the normal Swedish diet. It is therefore concluded that the normal dietary intake of phosphatidylcholine has little influence on the plasma lipoprotein parameters measured in the present study.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mortality among the widowed in Sweden.

This study consists of three parts. In the first part the risk of death for widowed persons is studied as a function of time interval since the day of bereavement. The effects of bereavement on mortality are investigated in all widowed people in Sweden (about 360 000) from 1968 to 1978. Among widowers above 65 years of age there are nine deaths per 1000 in excess compared with married men during the first 3 months after bereavement. In comparison with married people in the age group 70-74 it is found that among widows there is an increased mortality by 22% and among widowers by 48% during the first 3 months after bereavement. Further observation, during a period of altogether 11 years, showed that excess mortality continues, though at a lower level. In the second part, causes of death in the age group 70-74, divided according to marital status, are studied on the basis of data from the National Central Bureau of Statistics. The excess in mortality is due mainly to cancer and cardiovascular deaths, but also accidents, suicides and cirrhosis of the liver. The third part deals with differences between marital status groups with respect to tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse by using data from the population study of "70-year-olds in Göteborg" (H 70). By using data from central registers together with data from the population study it is possible to show that life style factors have an impact on the difference in mortality pattern between married and widowed people in Sweden.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Neoplasms in ovaries of CBA mice 90Sr-treated as foetuses.

Female CBA mice were 90Sr-contaminated in utero by amounts ranging from 46 to 740 kBq given to the pregnant dams on the 19th day post coitum. The females were killed at an average age of 10 months. The ovaries were microscopically analysed and morphologic changes were recorded. Multiple corpora lutea were frequent in all but the two highest dose groups. Ovarian cysts were frequent as well. Proliferative events such as hyperplasia of luteinized interstitial cells and down-growths of the germinal epithelium did not occur until a dose of 185 kBq. The findings indicate a non-linear dose-tumor relationship, but also a direct proportion of animals with down-growths and those with tubular adenomas beyond a threshold of 14 per cent.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

Measles encephalopathy during immunosuppression: failure of interferon treatment.

Measles encephalopathy during immunosuppression (MEI) occurs in patients with immunologic defects and is fatal. The course of the disease in 2 children, 4 and 5 years old, in the remission phase of acute lymphatic leukemia is presented. Diagnosis was possible, post-mortem, by recognition of measles virus antigen in brain tissue and in one patient by demonstration of intrathecal production of measles antibodies. Treatment with interferon did not improve the condition. Preventive measures primarily by early immunization of the childhood population against measles is stressed.

Antibodies, Viral↗