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A Narang

Publications and source records attributed to A Narang.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy: a case report.

Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumour of Infancy is a rare tumour. Prompt recognition of such a case is essential for the Pediatric Dentist Presented here is a case of a four and a half month old child who reported in the dental out patient department of Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital with a swelling in the right anterior maxillary ridge region.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

Threshold retinopathy of prematurity: ocular changes and sequelae following cryotherapy.

PURPOSE: To determine ocular changes and sequelae following cryotherapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 49 eyes of 26 premature babies with threshold ROP treated with cryotherapy between 1995 and 1998. All eyes included in the study had favourable structural outcome after cryotherapy. Follow-up examination of all babies was done 12 - 62 months (average 28 months) after cryotherapy. Visual axis, fixation pattern, anterior segment examination, cycloplegic refraction and dilated fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy were undertaken in all eyes during follow-up. RESULTS: Posterior pole retinal residuae observed following cryotherapy were tortousity of blood vessels in 32 (65.3%), narrow temporal arcade in 22 (44.89%), temporal crescent in 17 (34.69%), disc drag in 13 (26.53%) and macular heterotopia in 7 (14.28%) eyes. Myopia was observed in 20 (40.82%) eyes and strabismus in 5 (19.23%) babies. The significant risk factor for ocular changes was ROP with more clock hours of involvement (p < 0.05). Higher period of gestation was associated with posterior pole changes (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: All premature babies with threshold ROP treated with cryotherapy require frequent and long-term follow up to look for retinal residuae, refractive status, and ocular motility disorders.

Cryotherapy↗
PubMed2000

Spectrum of respiratory distress in very low birthweight neonates.

The incidence, etiology and the outcome of respiratory distress in 243 consecutive liveborn very low birth weight neonates (VLBW) were analysed. One hundred and forty six (60%) VLBW neonates developed respiratory distress. Hyaline membrane disease, congenital pneumonia and transient tachypnea of the newborn were the major underlying causes (35.6%, 28.1%, and 27.4% respectively). The mortality rate was significantly higher in neonates with respiratory distress (72 of 146, 49.3%) than in those without distress (28 of 97, 28.8%) (p < 0.05). This difference was more sharply reflected in the 1000-1249 birth weight group and in the 29-32 weeks gestation group. Respiratory distress is a significant determinant of VLBW mortality.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Immunogenicity of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants.

The objective was to determine whether plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine is immunogenic in preterm appropriate for gestation babies when administered at birth and to compare the immunogenicity between 5 micrograms and 10 micrograms doses of the vaccine in these babies. Fifty preterm neonates (31-36 weeks gestation) were randomized to receive 5 micrograms or 10 micrograms doses of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine at birth, with subsequent doses 1 and 6 months later. Serum specimens were obtained a month after each dose of the vaccine and were tested for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). Thirty six babies (gestation 31-36 weeks), 18 from each group competed the study. While 89.2% of the babies seroconverted, 82.1% achieved seroprotective titres of anti-HBS (> 10 mIU/ml). There was no difference between weight, gestational age, age of administration of vaccine and age of estimation of anti-HBs between 5 micrograms and 10 micrograms groups. The difference in the seroprotective rates were not statistically different between the groups (5 micrograms 78.5%; 10 micrograms--85.7%). Although immune response to plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine in preterm babies is suboptimal when the first dose is administered at birth, the full course achieves adequate seroprotective levels.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in neonatal neutropenia.

Neutropenia in neonates is often associated with sepsis, prematurity and maternal hypertension with increased risk of mortality. We describe two neonates with neutropenia treated with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor. The total and absolute neutrophil counts showed a marked response and led to a favourable outcome. Human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor may be used as an adjuvant therapy for neonatal neutropenia of different aetiologies.

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor↗
PubMed2000

Hypoglycemia in small for gestational age babies.

The main objectives of the study were to find the incidence and risk factors associated with development of hypoglycemia in small for gestational age (SGA) babies, to compare haemoglucotest strips (Boehringer Mannheim) with the standard laboratory method (glucose-hexokinase) for estimation of blood glucose, and to measure the insulin and cortisol responses of SGA babies. This was a prospective longitudinal study. The sample included SGA babies and over a period of six months, 127 consecutively born small for gestational age babies were investigated prospectively for development of hypoglycemia in first 48 hrs of life. Plasma samples were taken during episodes of hypoglycemia for insulin and cortisol estimation and compared with non-hypoglycemic controls. The overall incidence of hypoglycemia was 25.2% in SGA babies and 98% of the episodes occurred within first 24 hrs. Compared to non-hypoglycemics, mothers of hypoglycemic babies had higher incidence of receiving i.v. fluids (5% dextrose) during labour. The hypoglycemic babies were more likely to be sick and oral feeds had been initiated by one hour of life in only 37% of them compared to 63% of non-hypoglycemic babies. Plasma insulin/glucose ratio was significantly higher in hypoglycemic than non-hypoglycemic babies, whereas the cortisol levels were similar. Small for gestational age babies are highly prone to develop hypoglycemia in first 24 hrs of life.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1999

Isolation pattern and clinical outcome of genital mycoplasma in neonates from a tertiary care neonatal unit.

The role of genital mycoplasma in perinatal mortality and morbidity has been debated. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of isolation of genital mycoplasma and evaluate its association with clinical outcome. Sixty-six cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 49 tracheal aspirates taken from 100 low birthweight infants who had suspected meningitis and/or respiratory distress respectively were cultured for genital mycoplasma. Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from 9 per cent of CSF and 14 per cent of tracheal aspirates. Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from CSF in one case and none at the tracheal aspirates. Three out of seven mycoplasma-infected CNS cases showed CSF pleocytosis while three out of seven patients whose tracheal aspirates grew mycoplasma had congenital pneumonia. None of the patients were treated with antimycoplasmal therapy and none developed chronic lung disease.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Role of intrapartum antibiotics in prevention of vertical transmission of neonatal sepsis.

The present study evaluates the role of prophylactic intrapartum antibiotics in the prevention of neonatal sepsis. Labour and delivery characteristics of 1478 women delivering at the Nehru Hospital, PGIMER, Chandigarh were recorded. Intrapartum antibiotics (ampicillin, with or without gentamycin) were given to 69 per cent women. The neonatal sepsis rate was 1.56 per cent. This was not significantly lower in the women who received intrapartum antibiotics (1.47 vs 1.75%). Though there was a lowering of neonatal sepsis rate with intrapartum antibiotic administration when the duration of labour was more than 12 h (1.67 vs 3.09%), duration of ruptured membranes was more than 6 h (1.93 vs 3.81%) and number of pelvic examination was 3 or more (1.63 vs 4.54%), it was not statistically significant. It was concluded that intrapartum antibiotics as per the existing protocol did not prevent neonatal sepsis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Yeast colonisation & fungaemia in preterm neonates in a tertiary care centre.

Seventy consecutive preterm neonates who stayed in the hospital for more than seven days between March and October 1996, were studied for colonisation at oral, umbilical, groin, and rectal areas and for fungaemia. Overall, 71.4 per cent of the neonates were colonised and colonisation occurred within 24 h in 38 per cent preterm neonates. Neonates weighing less than 1500 g were colonised more frequently at more than one site and had higher load of yeast. Candida albicans (19%), Pichia (Hansenula) anomala (17.5%), C. tropicalis (13.2%), C. parapsilosis (12.3%) and Trichosporon cutaneum (10.0%) were the predominant colonising yeasts. Fungaemia was detected in 22.8 per cent of preterm neonates with predominance of P. anomala fungaemia (62.5%). Prematurity, male sex, broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, intubation and higher colonising rate were identified as significant risk factors for development of fungaemia. Except one strain of C. tropicalis, all yeast strains were sensitive to commonly used systemic antifungal agents. Study highlights the importance of routine surveillance of yeast colonisation of preterm neonates with identifying possible risk factors.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1999

Tracheal agenesis.

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Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1998

The dynamical analogy between microbial growth on mixtures of substrates and population growth of competing species.

There is a similarity between the metabolic dynamics of a microbial species growing on a mixture of two substrates and the dynamics of growth of two competing populations. Specifically, the enzymes catalyzing the uptake and catabolism of substrates exhibit phenomena analogous to extinction and coexistence."Extinction" of the enzymes associated with one of the substrates results in sequential utilization of the substrates (diauxie) (Monod, 1942). "Coexistence" of the enzymes associated with the substrates results in simultaneous utilization of the substrates (Egli, 1995). Here, we formulate a simple model that shows the basis for this dynamical similarity: The equations describing the evolution of the enzyme levels are dynamical analogs of the Lotka-Volterra model for two competing species. The analogy suggests ways of capturing the experimentally observed preculture-dependent growth patterns, i.e., growth patterns that vary depending on the physiological state of the preculture.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1998

The steady states of microbial growth on mixtures of substitutable substrates in a chemostat.

Microbes growing on mixtures of substrates in a chemostat exhibit different substrate utilization patterns, depending on the dilution rate and feed concentrations. For instance, when supplied with high feed concentrations of a binary mixture, both substrates are consumed at low dilution rates, but only one of the substrates is consumed at high dilution rates. The goal of this work is to explain the onset of such transitions, which play a very significant role in ecology and bioengineering. In previous work, we formulated a mathematical model of mixed-substrate growth in batch cultures. We use the extension of this model to continuous cultures as the framework for understanding substrate utilization patterns in continuous cultures. Our explanation rests upon the existence of two special types of dilution rates predicted by the model. The first is the so-called critical dilution rate at which the growth rate becomes zero, leading to cell washout. The existence of the critical dilution rate obtains from the simplest models of microbial growth, and is rooted in the fact that growth is inherently autocatalytic. The second type of special dilution rate, a unique feature of our model, stems from the recognition that synthesis of the enzymes catalysing the uptake of substrates is also autocatalytic. Hence, associated with each substrate is a transition dilution rate at which the synthesis rate of the transport enzyme becomes zero. We show that: (1) the substrate utilization patterns in continuous cultures are completely determined by the relative magnitudes of the critical and transition dilution rates; and (2) the critical and transition dilution rates are in turn determined by the feed concentrations. This allows us to construct an operating diagram, which yields the substrate utilization pattern for any given dilution rate and feed concentrations. The theory explains most of the mixed-substrate phenomena summarized in a recent review article by Egli (1995, Adv. Microbiol. Ecol. 14, 305-386).

Bacteria↗
PubMed1998

Comparative ABR profile in high risk infants.

Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were studied in 52 children upto the age of 3 months, suffering from neonatal jaundice, prematurity, pyogenic meningitis and septicemia. Absolute latency of wave I and interpeak latency I-V were found to be significantly delayed in cases of jaundice and absolute latency of wave V and interpeak latency I-V were prolonged in cases with prematurity. In cases following pyogenic meningitis absolute latency of wave V and interpeak latency of I-III, I-V were significantly delayed compared to septicemia where absolute latency I, V and interpeak latency I-V were significantly delayed (P < 0.05). Maximum auditory insult was seen in cases with neonatal jaundice where 30.77% each had severe SN deafness and 30.77% had moderate degree of deafness compared to prematurity, meningitis and septicemia where 14.28, 7.69 and 25% were found to have severe SN deafness and 7.14, 38.46 and 25% had moderate deafness. Overall incidence of deafness of any kind in these factors was 44.23%.

Brain Stem↗