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Biomedical subjects

A Nanetti

Publications and source records attributed to A Nanetti.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Relationship between Candida albicans and denture stomatitis: a clinical and microbiological study.

A study was done on 52 upper denture wearers, randomly selected among the residents of two nursing-homes. The results show that the prevalence of Candida albicans in the denture is significantly higher than that in the mucosa. It was also possible to establish a significant relationship between the clinical patterns and the microbiological findings. A healthy mucosa does not present C. albicans, whereas a diffuse denture stomatitis more often presents the yeast both in the mucosa and in the denture. Finally, diffuse erythema is correlated to continuous denture-wearing, while there is not significant correlation between healthy mucosa and type I denture stomatitis and denture-wearing habits.

Candidiasis, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Inactivation of ribosomes by an inhibitor of protein synthesis from Salmonella enteritidis.

Sonic extracts of Salmonella enteritidis contain a factor which inhibits protein synthesis in cell-free systems by irreversibly inactivating ribosomes. The extent of the inactivation of ribosomes depends on the system used to assay protein synthesis, natural mRNA translation being more strongly inhibited than poly(U) translation. The inhibitory power of the Salmonella factor is destroyed by trypsin and by 5% mercaptoethanol. Placental RNase inhibitor is unable to protect ribosomes from inactivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Absence of HTLV-I/II infection in blood donors with positive and inconclusive HTLV-I/II serology.

The pathogenetic potential and the true extent of human T leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) infection are unknown. To find out more about HTLV-I/II seroepidemiology and the risks of iatrogenic transmission, we performed a serological study, screening 4086 healthy blood donors. A surprisingly high percentage of serum reactivity to HTLV-I/II antigens was observed by commercial ELISA (2.08%) and immunoblotting (IB) (0.85%) analysis, although none of the samples satisfied the (IB) criteria for positivity based on detection of gag protein p24 and at least one env gene product, either gp46 or gp61/68. To clarify these inconclusive results, we performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for HTLV-I and HTLV-II provirus detection in peripheral blood lymphocytes, obtained from individuals with an apparent pattern of seropositivity. The data obtained by PCR failed to reveal evidence of HTLV-I/II provirus integration in peripheral blood cells, ruling out the possibility of a viral infection in these cases, and pinpointing the limitations of both serological methods used. Our observations suggest that serological assays alone are not a reliable tool for blood donor screening of HTLV-I/II infection and raise the important question of interpreting inconclusive results.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

In vitro comparison of the activity of cefotaxime and desacetylated cefotaxime and of their combination.

The activity of cefotaxime (CTX), desacetylcefotaxime (dCTX) and their combinations (CTX and dCTX in a 1:1 ratio) was tested against a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria collected from clinical specimens. The in-vitro tests demonstrated that CTX is still active against a wide range of clinically interesting microorganisms. The interaction of CTX and dCTX was shown to be additive at subinhibitory and inhibitory concentrations for Enterobacteriaceae. The most significant increase in the antibacterial activity was seen against Bacteroides strains: 29% of 62 strains were sensitive to CTX and 38% to CTX plus dCTX.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

Isolation of an inhibitor of cell-free protein synthesis from Salmonella enteritidis.

Sonic extracts of Salmonella enteritidis, serotype enteritidis, contain a factor which inhibits eukaryotic cell-free protein synthesis tested on a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and on a poly(U)-dependent system from Artemia salina embryos. The factor is heat-labile, does not diffuse through dialysis bags and is precipitated by ammonium sulphate. A 78% recovery of the factor was obtained in the 60-80 per cent ammonium sulphate saturation range, with a 3.3-fold purification. The factor binds to DEAE-cellulose. In the fraction eluted at 0.55 M NaCl, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows only two protein bands (Mr 55,000 and 29,000). While the inhibitory activity on protein synthesis of the crude factor is fairly stable at 4 degrees C, it becomes very labile after DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The ID50 of the partially purified factor was less than 0.55 microgram (20-fold purification).

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1988

Salmonella serotypes isolated from gastroenteritis patients and healthy carriers in northern Italy. A twelve years retrospective study.

Salmonella serotypes isolated from 33,306 patients with acute gastroenteritis over a 12 years period (1975-1986) and Salmonella serotypes isolated from 19,381 healthy individuals in the last three years (1984-1986) are reported. The Salmonella serotypes isolated most frequently from gastroenteric patients are poorly represented among the serotypes present in healthy individuals. These data suggest that Salmonella serotypes involved in human pathology in the area examined are not of human origin and presumably arise from food animals.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Incidence of endogenous and exogenous opportunistic fungal infections in relation to different prophylactic measures: clinical and microbiological study of 431 immunocompromised patients.

Two groups of immunocompromised patients were studied with the aim of pointing out the possibilities of antifungal prophylaxis in this type of patient. All patients received oral treatment with nystatin, but only the patients of one group were also in strict reverse isolation. It has been confirmed that chemoprophylactic treatments may control opportunistic endogenous mycoses effectually. On the contrary, only reverse isolation seems to be effective against airborne exogenous fungal infections. Because of the difficulty and high cost of this practice, different modalities for a really generalizable antifungal prophylaxis are required. At present only the detection of new systemic antifungal drugs, which are not toxic and are easy to use, seems hopeful.

Fungi↗
PubMed1985

A two-year longitudinal study on the etiology of acute diarrhea in young children in Northern Italy.

During a 24-month period, 561 young children (6 months-2 years of age) hospitalized for acute diarrhea were studied for enteric pathogens. Patients positive for one or more pathogens were 359 (64.0%). Infection with one pathogen was found in 266 (47.4%) patients, whereas multiple infection was detected in 93 (16.6%) patients. Enteropathogens associated with disease were Rotaviruses: 150 (26.7%), Adenoviruses: 99 (17,6%), non-polio Enteroviruses: 48 (8.5%), Coronaviruses: 10 (1.8%), Parvoviruses: 5 (0.9%), Salmonella sp.: 41 (7.3%), Campylobacter fetus: 45 (8.0%), Giardia lamblia: 8 (1.4%), and "enteropathogenic" E. coli: 63 (11.2%) of which 15 (3%) produced heat labile enterotoxin. Seasonal occurrence of enteropathogens is also described.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Limits of antifungal prophylaxis by ketoconazole in leukemic patients.

Serum ketoconazole levels in leukemic patients, subjected to ketoconazole prophylaxis, were determined by an agar diffusion assay. High individual variability of drug concentration was noted. In addition, the highest drug concentration observed was less than 1 microgram/ml in 5 out of 6 patients studied. The reliability of prophylaxis of airborne opportunistic fungal infections by ketoconazole seems, therefore, to be hampered, at least in leukemics, by the too low serum concentrations of the drug. The bioassay proved to be highly reproducible and accurate as well as easy and safe to perform.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Research on substances with antiviral activity. VIII. Benzindanoncarboxylic acids].

New derivatives (esters, amides, nitriles, amidines, thiosemicarbazones and guanylhydrazones) of 1H-benz[e]indene-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-1-oxo-3-carboxylic acid and 1H-benz[e]indene-2,3-dihydro-7-methyl-3-oxo-1-carboxylic acid were prepared and tested for antiviral activities in vitro against vaccinia virus, HID stock and parainfluenza type 3 virus, HA-I/CR-8 stock. Four compounds (II g), (II i), (III b), (III g), showed weak activity in vitro against vaccinia virus.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Substances having antiviral activity. IX. Synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-acyl-2-halo-3-formylindole thiosemicarbazones].

Some thiosemicarbazones of 1-acyl-2-chloro-3-formylindoles were synthesized and investigated for antiviral activity against vaccinia virus, HID stock and parainfluenza virus type 3 HA-I/CR-8 stock. Evidence of antiviral activity was found only against vaccinia virus, and was particular significant with the m-substituted 1-benzoyl-2-chloro-3-formylindoles. The first results of 2-substitution of chlorine by bromine in the indole skeleton, are reported.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1977

Drug resistance and plasmid mediated transfer of drug resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from various districts of the human organism. A possible relationship with the antimicrobial drug concentrations during therapy.

The study of the prevalence of drug resistances and of the frequency of R factors among resistant strains, in E. coli isolated respectively from the respiratory, intestinal and urinary tracts of patients, during 1976, has shown that the frequency of drug resistances is highest among E. coli strains isolated from the respiratory tract and lowest among the E. coli strains isolated from urines. The frequency of R factors, among resistant strains, follows an exactly opposite distribution. This behaviour could be related to the gradient of antimicrobial drug concentrations achieved in the various compartments during ordinary antimicrobial therapy.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Research on substances with antiviral activity. VII. Activity and lipophilic of property N-alkyl-2-chloro-3-formylindole thiosemicarbazone].

Thiosemicarbazones of N-alkyl-2-chloroindole-3-carboxaldehydes were synthesized and investigated for antiviral activity against RNA virus (parainfluenza type 3, HA-I/CR-8 stock) and DNA virus (vaccinia virus, HID stock). The effect of lipophilicity on the activity against vaccinia virus was considered. Relative lipophilicities were measured by a reversed phase thin-layer chromatographic technique. The most active compound N-isopropyl-2-chloroindole-3-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone appeared comparable for its activity to methisazone.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary lymph node invasive aspergillosis.

A case of apparently primary lymph node granulomatous aspergillosis is described. A review of the so-called primary aspergillosis cases since 1977 shows that granulomatous instead of exudative inflammation patterns have been observed in histological sections only when neither major nor minor predisposing factors have been detected in the clinical history of the patients. A possible pathogenetic role of selectively impaired cell-mediated immune response in these cases is hypothesized. Flucytosine treatment is indicated in a few selected cases of deep aspergillosis.

Adolescent↗