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Biomedical subjects

A Nakasima

Publications and source records attributed to A Nakasima.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Size of the cranium in parents and their children with cleft lip.

Fifty-two children with cleft lip with or without cleft palate), CL(P), fifty-three non-cleft children, and their respective parents were studied. Area measurements for three craniofacial components of brain case, upper face and lower face were obtained from lateral and frontal roentgenographic cephalograms. The most important finding of this investigation was that the CL(P) patients and their parents had a significantly smaller brain case than did the control subjects. A small brain case may well be one morphological characteristic predisposing toward the cleft anomaly.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1983

Characteristics of craniofacial structures of parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate.

We looked for possible differences in craniofacial morphology between parents of children with celft lip (CL) and/or cleft palate (CP) and normal controls. Fifty measurements were obtained from lateral and frontal roentgenographic cephalograms of these subjects. The means of all measurements were tested for significant statistical differences, and a discriminant analysis was carried out to distinguish the craniofacial structures in the experimental subjects from those in the controls. Facial shape of parents of children with CL and/or CP differed from that of control subjects. Shorter height and greater width in the upper face were the main characteristics of facial shape of parents of CL and/or CP children. Craniofacial morphology was considered to be related to susceptibility to these facial deformities.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Hereditary factors in the craniofacial morphology of Angle's Class II and Class III malocclusions.

We attempted to assess the role of heredity in the development of Angle's Class II and Class III malocclusions by comparing craniofacial morphologic differences between parents with Class II offspring and those with Class III offspring and by analyzing the parent-offspring correlations within each Class II and Class III malocclusion group. Lateral and frontal roentgenographic cephalograms were obtained for ninety-six patients with Class II malocclusion, 104 patients with Class III malocclusion, and their respective parents. Mean cephalometric profile diagrams were superimposed between the two groups of parents as well as between their offspring. Within the two groups, the parent-offspring correlation coefficients were computed for nineteen variables connecting cephalometric landmarks. The differences in the craniofacial complex were evident in the two groups of parents as well as in their offspring. High correlation coefficient values were seen between parents and their offspring in the Class II and Class III groups. Thus, there appears to be a strong familial tendency in the development of Class II and Class III malocclusions. We conclude that the hereditary pattern must be taken into consideration in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with these classes of malocclusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Radiologic exposure conditions and resultant skin doses in application of xeroradiography to the orthodontic diagnosis.

Xeroradiography is the recording of radiologic images by a photoelectric process rather than the photochemical one used in conventional radiography. In order to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of xeroradiography in the orthodontic field, minimum xeroradiologic exposure conditions for skull projections, Schüller's and oblique temporomandibular joint projections, and hand projections were established by thirteen examiners and the relationship between the image production and x-ray radiation was discussed in comparison with related findings obtained with conventional film techniques. The advantages of xeroradiograph were finer and clear images caused by the "edge effect" and wide latitude of xeroradiography; the main hazard was the unavoidable larger skin dose required by the projection procedures. The skin doses with xeroradiography were 2.4 to 16.2 times larger than those with conventional film techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Influence of surgical stress under general anesthesia on serum gonadotropin levels in male and female patients.

Effects of surgical stress under the same general anesthesia (nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane following induction with thiopental and succinylcholine chloride) on serum LH levels were studied in 18 postmenopausal females, 15 menstruating females and 17 males. In addition, serum FSH levels in female patients and testosterone levels in male patients were estimated. As controls without surgery and anesthesia, serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone were estimated at identical time intervals to the experimental group in 15 normal postmenopausal females, 15 normal menstruating females and 10 normal males. In male patients, serum LH levels at 30 min and 1 hr after onset of anesthesia increased significantly over those of pre-anesthesia, while no significant intra-operative increase in LH levels was found in female patients. In male and female patients, the LH levels decreased slightly 5-6h and 2 days after onset of anesthesia, though the decreases were not statistically significant except in postmenopausal females. On the 7th postoperative day, the LH levels returned toward the baseline. In female patients, no significant intra-operative changes in FSH levels were found. In male patients, there were significant intra- and post-operative decreases in testosterone levels. In control subjects, no significant changes in serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone were demonstrated. These observations suggest that significant intraoperative increases in serum LH levels occur in males but not in females.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial similarity in dental arch form and tooth position.

This study was done to quantify and compare similarities in dental arch form and tooth position among individuals of various degrees of biological kinship. The sample consisted of 360 dental casts selected from 102 Japanese families, each including both parents and one of their offspring. Most of the subjects had well-aligned permanent dentitions. Coefficients of dissimilarity were obtained by orienting two standard-sized dental arch diagrams plotted from occlusal photographs to the position of best fit. Dissimilarity between adults and children from different families was computed and served as the control data. With few exceptions, the mean dissimilarity between parents and offspring was smaller than that of the nonfamilial pairings; however, statistical differences were not always significant. Among all the teeth observed, the position of both upper and lower central incisors was found to exhibit the least familial similarity. Analysis of variance among pairings of different sources of variation suggested the existence of significant additive genetic effect, both autosomal and sex-linked. Relative contribution of the additive genetic effect in the total variability of this sample was estimated for dental arch form and tooth position to be in the range of 55-60% and 39-77%, respectively. Autosomal additive genetic effects appear to strongly account for the variation in position of the second premolar and of the first molar.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heritability of dental arch dimensions in humans.

The purposes of this study were to estimate the heritabilities of several human dental arch dimensions and compare the hereditary differences among kinships and among variables. The sample consisted of 102 Japanese families, each including both parents and one of their offspring, and on average all subjects had relatively well-aligned permanent dentitions. The heritabilities of all variables were estimated from the regression of offspring on parent and on midparent. Results showed that genetics played a role regarding dental arch dimensions, and arch perimeter (sum of tooth width) was a more definite genetic-related factor than other arch dimensions, such as width, length, or size. There were few significant hereditary differences between sons and daughters, and between upper and lower arches for each variable. Sex chromosomal involvement was not confirmed, but maternal effects were found to be more evident in daughters than in sons, for both arches. Comparisons among the heritabilities of overall and of anterior arch dimensions indicated that size of the anterior part of the dental arch might be less resistant to environmental factors, especially in case of the lower arch.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Growth-related changes in familial resemblance of maxillofacial morphology.

We investigated changes in resemblance between Japanese parents and their growing children with regard to maxillofacial morphology. Lateral roentgenographic cephalograms taken from 963 children (336 male and 627 female) over 6 years of age and their parents were used as samples. Based on the age of the children, there were six groups--I: 6-7 years of age; II: 8-9; III: 10-11; IV: 12-13; V: 14-15; and VI: over 16. Parent-offspring heritabilities (h2) were computed for 35 variables representing maxillofacial and dentoalveolar traits, and group comparisons were also made. The following results were obtained: (1) there were more significant heritabilities for maxillofacial variables than those for dentoalveolar ones; (2) in general, additive genetic effects were more prominent in controlling maxillofacial and dentoalveolar structure of on-growing children, with increasing age.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study to evaluate the parent-offspring similarity in the maxillofacial profile using fingerprints in Japanese families.

An attempt was made to investigate the parent-offspring similarity in the maxillofacial profile by a quantitative analysis of fingerprints. Lateral roentgenographic cephalograms and ten fingerprints were obtained from 98 Japanese patients (44 males and 54 females) and their parents. Analysis showed a significant parent-offspring correlation for both maxillofacial profile and fingerprints. The relatively low father-son correlation for both features suggests a major influence of X-linked genes. The genetic correlation between the maxillofacial profile and fingerprints was significant for parent-son but not for parent-daughter pairings. The parent-offspring correlation in the maxillofacial profile was evaluated in two groups showing differences (distant group) or similarities (near group) in the fingerprint patterns between the father and mother. In the distant group, a greater parent-offspring similarity was observed in the maxillofacial profile. The same finding was also obtained on using only digit II of the parents. Therefore, from a morphogenetical point of view, parental fingerprints appear helpful in clinical applications designed to predict maxillofacial growth in offspring.

Adolescent↗