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Biomedical subjects

A Nagy

Publications and source records attributed to A Nagy.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Relationship of immunological status to infections complicating surgery of the large intestine].

The patients immuno-activity has a well-known importance for the outcome of postoperative complications. The authors evaluated the immuno-activity of 95 patients before selective, radical colorectal surgery: 1) 40% of the patients were anergic compared to healthy controls. 2) The incidence of wound infections was significantly higher in the anergic groups than in normal or hyperergic ones. 3) 25% and 50% decrease in wound sepsis has been observed in anergic and normal or hyperergic groups respectively after vaccination 7 to 10 days before operation with vaccine made of E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas strains. The difference indicates the lowered immuno-reactivity on anergic patients.

Colectomy↗
PubMed1983

Modern trends in colorectal surgery.

In 39 patients, the 'classical' pretreatment for colorectal surgery (mechanical purgation, laxatives, irrigation and sulfaguanidine administration) was supplemented with the oral administration of 750 mg metronidazole daily for 3 days. This dose was later increased to 1 g daily. The 75 control cases received the same pretreatment as in the test group, with the exception of the metronidazole. In the test group, obligate anaerobic pathogens could not be cultivated from the wound discharge in the infected cases, and there were no surgical fatalities. In the control group, however, anerobic strains could be cultivated in 9 cases, and the surgical mortality was 8%. The proportion of wound suppurations induced by aerobic pathogens was 41% in the test group, and 55% in the control group. The results of the metronidazole pretreatment and treatment are evaluated on the basis of the pertinent literature. The use of metronidazole is strongly advisable in the pretreatment of patients subjected to colorectal surgery and in other fields of septic surgery as well. Seven hundred and fifty five elective colorectal operations were carried out in the 11 years between 1971 and 1981, and the surgical mortality rates in the periods 1971-1977 and 1978-1981 are compared. Beside the metronidazole pretreatment, technical modifications (greater use of a stapler) and cimethidine prophylaxis were introduced in the latter period. This led to a decrease in the surgical mortality rate from 12.8% to 6.5%, and no case of fatal anaerobic sepsis occurred.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Immunity and hospital infections.

The frequent and inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospitals increases the number of resistant hospital bacterial strains. Apart from Staphylococci and Streptococci, different Gram negatives--such as Klebsiella, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Proteus and E. coli strains--have been found in the hospitals and in the patients. Due to the resistance, it is difficult to find antibiotics against them. This fact puts forward the possibility of immunization especially by vaccination. Phenol-treated vaccine was prepared from the usual hospital strains and patients with colorectal cancer were immunized intramuscularly 7-10 days prior to the operation. The efficiency of the vaccine treatment was judged by the incidence of wound infections. The best results were obtained in patients whose previously estimated immunoreactivity was strong or normal. Immunospecificity could not be detected in the above treatment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics of toloxatone in man following intravenous and oral administrations.

Pharmacokinetics of the antidepressant drug toloxatone were investigated in man following intravenous and oral administration. Five healthy adult volunteers received a single 1 mg/kg dose given as a gelatin capsule (p.o.) and an i.v. infusion. After p.o. administration toloxatone was rapidly absorbed, peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) ranging from 0.384 to 0.640 mg/l occurred between 0.53 and 1.00 h. Plasma curves were fitted according to a one-compartment open model. After absorption, toloxatone was cleared from plasma with a half-life (t 1/2 beta) of 0.96-1.81 h. Following i.v. administration Cmax values from 0.623 to 0.840 mg/l were reached at the end of the 0.5-h infusion. As observed for the capsule form, the elimination of the drug from the plasma was monophasic with t 1/2 beta of 0.88-2.46 h. Plasma clearance of toloxatone was high (0.462 to 0.860 l/h . kg) and the apparent volume of distribution ranged between 1.09 and 1.64 l/kg. Protein binding to plasma proteins is near 50% and appears almost exclusively due to albumin. Free fatty acids do not modify substantially the degree of binding which is constant over the range of concentrations from 0.05 to 100 mg/l. The availability of the gelatin capsule was 50-62% of the i.v. infusion. Since toloxatone is extensively eliminated in urine as metabolites, the reduced availability of the drug appears to be related mainly to first pass metabolism.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

[Urinary enzyme excretion after prophylactic antibiotic therapy in patients following colorectal surgery (author's transl)].

The urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminade (NAG) and alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) was measured as an indicator for nephrotoxicity to neomycin and gentamycin in patients after colorectal surgery. We found that the continuous determination of urinary enzymes is a good indicator for the degree of kidney damage. The dose dependence of nephrotoxicity was influenced by the severity of colorectal surgery. The simple method of urinary enzyme determination seems to be a very valuable test to detect parenchymal damage of the kidney after prophylactic antibiotic therapy.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1981

The Hamilton depression scale. Evaluation of objectivity using logistic models.

The consistency of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) as a measure of the severity of depressive states has been examined when the scale was used weekly during a trial when imipramine. By use of logistic models (Rasch) the consistency of the HDS has been considered across patient-variables as age, sex, plasma levels of imipramine, and diagnosis. The results showed that the original 17-item HDS was without adequate consistency, i.e. the total score of the sample of items was no one-dimensional measure of depressive states. However, a melancholia subscale of the HDS contained items the total of which can be used to compare patients quantitatively, although in some part of the analysis one of these items showed ceiling effect. It was concluded that the melancholia subscale (containing the items depressed mood, guilt, work and interests, retardation, psychic anxiety, and general somatic symptoms) can form the basis for further improvements in the field of quantitative rating scales for depressive states.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Complications of 279 elective radical colonic operations and results of their management (author's transl)].

Out of 279 cases of elective radical colonic surgery 109 complicated cases are dealt with. Most of them (66%) were caused by infection. The postoperative mortality came up to 10%. Three quarters of the postoperative deaths were caused by septicaemia and gastrointestinal bleeding. Some of the complications can be effectively cured. Others like peritonitis, anaerobic septicaemia, pulmonary embolism and uraemia have a high mortality rate and will in future require better methods of prevention and therapy.

Bacterial Infections↗