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Biomedical subjects

A Nagy

Publications and source records attributed to A Nagy.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Endoscopic management of bile leakage following laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

UNLABELLED: During a 15-month period 8 patients (1 male, 7 females, mean age 49 years) admitted from different institutions were treated with bile leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The diagnosis was established by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. The site of the leakage was the cystic duct in five cases, the common bile duct in one case, the hepatic "bed" in one case and it was undetectable in one case. Five patients had common bile duct stone and one patients also had common bile duct stricture. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed in all cases with stone extraction if needed, and stent insertion (7 or 10 Fr straight endoprosthesis) in six cases. The stents were removed after 4-16 weeks in all cases, except the patients with common bile duct stricture, in whom the stent was exchanged for two other endoprostheses to prevent restricture after three months, she is still under treatment. Endoscopic sphincterotomy, stone removal and stent placement were successful in all cases. Symptoms resolved in hours, and the bile leakage stopped in days. Apart from transient serum amylase level elevation in one patient no other complication was observed. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic treatment of bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy has proved to be a safe and effective method. It may be considered the method of choice in the management of this complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Targeted mutagenesis: analysis of phenotype without germ line transmission.

The available techniques for directed gene manipulation in the mouse are unprecedented in any multicellular organism and make the mouse an invaluable tool for unraveling all aspects of mammalian biology. To realize fully the potential of these genetic tools requires that phenotypic analysis be efficient, rapid, and complete. Genetic chimeras and mosaics, in which mutant cells are mixed with wild-type cells, can be used to augment standard analysis of intact mutant animals and alleviate the time required and the expense involved in generating and maintaining multiple strains of mutant mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

An induction gene trap screen in embryonic stem cells: Identification of genes that respond to retinoic acid in vitro.

We have developed a novel induction gene trap approach that preselects in vitro for integrations into genes that lie downstream of receptor/ligand-mediated signaling pathways. Using this approach, we have identified 20 gene trap integrations in embryonic stem cells, 9 of which were induced and 11 of which were repressed after exposure to exogenous retinoic acid (RA). All but one of these integrations showed unique spatially restricted or tissue-specific patterns of expression between 8.5 and 11.5 days of embryogenesis. Interestingly, expression was observed in tissues that are affected by alterations in RA levels during embryogenesis. Sequence analysis of fusion transcripts from six integrations revealed five novel gene sequences and the previously identified protooncogene c-fyn. To date, germ-line transmission and breeding has uncovered one homozygous embryonic lethal and three homozygous viable insertions. These studies demonstrate the potential of this induction gene trap approach for identifying and mutating genes downstream of signal transduction pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of the functional results of ileorectostomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis following total colectomy.

To evaluate the functional results of continence reconstruction techniques following total colectomy, an analysis of long-term follow-up, quality of life parameters, and recurrence of basal disease was conducted on 17 patients who underwent ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, and 16 who underwent ileorectostomy. Satisfactory results were achieved in 29 of the 33 patients, partial results were achieved in 3, and only 1 remained totally incontinent. While this outcome was independent of the reconstruction technique, a lower mean daily frequency of defecation, better day-night distribution, faster definitive recovery from surgery, a higher degree of rehabilitation, and a lower frequency of unplanned outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and minor complications were achieved after ileorectostomy than after pouch-anal anastomosis. Furthermore, better results were observed in patients who had undergone surgery for familial polyposis or complicated diffuse colonic diverticulosis, compared to those who had undergone surgery for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). During the postcolectomy stage, tumor recurrence was found in 5 of 7 patients with familial polyposis and histologically confirmed malignancy, compared to only 1 of 6 patients with negative histological results. Extracolonic manifestations developed in two patients with ulcerative colitis, and a small bowel obstruction occurred in one with Crohn's disease. These findings emphasize the importance of carefully selecting patients for each type of continence reconstruction method after total colectomy according to their individual requirements.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of a cytotoxic analog of LH-RH (T-98) on the growth of estrogen-dependent MXT mouse mammary cancers: correlations between growth characteristics and EGF receptor content of tumors.

Female BDF mice bearing estrogen-dependent MXT mouse mammary cancers were treated for 4 weeks with a cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). T-98 (agonist [D-Lys6]LH-RH linked to glutaryl-2(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone). The effects of T-98 were compared to those of equimolar amounts of the cytotoxic moiety 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone hemiglutarate (G-HMAQ) and carrier LH-RH agonist [D-Lys6]LH-RH. Both T-98 and [D-Lys6]LH-RH significantly inhibited the growth of MXT cancers, but G-HMAQ had only a minor non-significant effect. Cytotoxic analog T-98 and the carrier [D-Lys6]LH-RH had similar inhibitory hormonal activities on the pituitary-gonadal axis, but T-98 caused a larger reduction in tumor volume and decreased proliferation characteristics such as mitotic activity and AgNOR numbers in tumor cells to a greater extent than the carrier. Tumor inhibition by T-98, [D-Lys6]LH-RH, and ovariectomy was connected with a significant decrease in binding capacity of EGF receptors in tumor cell membranes. The concentration of EGF receptors remained high in tumors that continued to enlarge in spite of treatment and in all control untreated tumors, even those of small size. Thus, the changes in EGF receptors are likely to be the result of the therapy. Treatment with T-98 caused a greater reduction in the binding capacity of EGF receptors in tumors than [D-Lys6]LH-RH. This could explain the higher inhibitory effect of the cytotoxic analog on tumor growth. Since radiolabeled T-98 was shown to accumulate in MXT cancers 3 hours after a subcutaneous injection, this indicates that specific targeting might play a role in the antitumor effect exerted by this cytotoxic analog.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A longitudinal study of phenylketonuria based on the data of the Budapest Screening Center.

Between 1975 and 1994 about 1.5 million neonates were screened by Guthrie tests at the phenylketonuria (PKU) Centre in Budapest. In this period 160 children with PKU were found. The corresponding incidence rate is about 1:9000. In a cumulative longitudinal design we investigated 56 patients with classical PKU between the ages of 3 months and 20.5 years. Treatment started at a mean age of 16.9 days (SD = 8.8). On average, pretreatment phenylalanine (Phe) levels were 1956 mumol/l (SD = 864), measured with the fluorometric method. Their Phe levels, physical growth, intellectual development, and performances in achievement tests were analysed. For the entire sample 45% of half year median Phe levels were in the recommended range, 33% represented poor dietary control, 22% were classified as intermediate. Physical growth was not significantly different from the Hungarian average. Mean verbal as well as nonverbal IQs were in the middle of the normal range. For an extended sample of 131 patients not followed longitudinally, mean recent IQ was 99.6 (SD = 16.3). Data concerning educational career were available for 107 patients. Normal schools were attended by 88 patients, 19 were in need of special elementary education. From 40 patients who had already finished elementary school, 17 underwent secondary school education, 1 is a university student, 15 are skilled workers, 4 were semi-skilled, and 4 are unemployed for reasons unrelated to their intellectual status.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Asymmetries in simple feature searches for color.

Observers were required to search for and find a target stimulus that differed from distractor stimuli only in chromaticity. Pairs of target and distractor colors were chosen so that in some conditions the two members of a pair differed in hue, in saturation, or in both hue and saturation. For each type of condition, a number of pairs of colors representing varying degrees of perceptual difference were chosen. Each member of each pair of colors served as both the target and distractor color while the other member of the pair served in the remaining role. The largest asymmetries in search times occurred when the target and distractors differed in saturation. Somewhat smaller asymmetries occurred with differences in both saturation and hue, and no asymmetries occurred with hue differences. Results suggest that the asymmetries are related to the time required to encode and transmit the chromatic information centrally rather than the properties of the search process itself.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of a novel low-molecular weight antioxidant on cardiac injury induced by hydrogen peroxide.

H290/51, an indenoindole derivative, is a novel low-molecular weight (287.8) inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Its effect on cardiac injury induced by exogenous reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) was investigated. ROI were generated by adding H2O2 (180 mu M) to the perfusate of isolated rat hearts (Langendorff model, n = 9) for 10 min. H2O2 reduced left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP = left ventricular systolic pressure -- left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) from 90 +/- 6 to a minimum of 25 +/- 2 mmHg (mean +/- SEM) after 10 min (p < 0.001), elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) from 0 to 32 +/- 7 mmHg after 20 min (p < 0.0001), and increased coronary flow (CF). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in the coronary effluent and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in cardiac tissue increased (TBARS from 0.6 +/- 0.04 to 3.1 +/- 0.4 nmol/g tissue after 10 min of H2O2 administration, p < 0.001). Addition of H290/51 (1 mu M, n = 12) from the start of H2O2 exposure, attenuated the H2O2-induced increase of LVEDP (9 +/- 3 mmHg at 20 min, p < 0.006) and reduced the release of LDH (p < 0.02 at 30 min). LVDP was not significantly influenced. The increase of TBARS was abolished by H290/51 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, H290/51 inhibited lipid peroxidation, and attenuated functional and biochemical injury induced by H2O2 exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The potential of electroanalytical techniques in pharmaceutical analysis.

With the considerable progresses observed in analytical instrumentation, it was of interest to survey recent trends in the field of electroanalysis of drugs. Potentiometric, voltammetric and amperometric techniques were scrutinized both in terms of historical evolution and in terms of potentialities with respect to the analysis of drugs in various matrices. With regard to the former, it appeared that numerous original selective electrodes (for drugs and ions) have been studied and several ion-selective electrodes have been successfully commercialized. Improvements are still expected in this field in order to find more robust membrane matrices and to minimize the surface fouling. Electrochemistry is well suited for trace metal analysis. A renewed interest in potentiometric stripping analysis is observed and is stimulated by the power of computers and microprocessors which allow rapid signal recording and data handling. Polarography and its refinements (Pulsed Waveform, Automation,...) is ideally applied for trace metal analysis and speciation. The technique is still useful in the analysis of drug formulations and in biological samples provided that the method is adequately validated (selectivity!). The same holds for solid electrodes which are currently routinely applied as sensitive detectors after chromatographic separation. New instrumentation is soon expected as regard electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis. Actually, in order to increase the responses and improve the selectivity, solid electrodes are facing exponential research dedicated to surface modifications. Perm-selectivity, chelations catalysis, etc. may be considered as appropriate strategies. Microelectrodes and screen printed (disposable) sensors are of considerable interest in cell culture e.g. for single cell excretion analysis and in field (decentralized) assays, respectively. Finally several biosensors and electrochemical immunoassays have been successfully development for the selective and sensitive analysis of drugs.

Automation↗
PubMed1996

Age-related changes in scrotal circumference of Hungarian Simmental bulls in self-performance test.

Between 1989 and 1992, investigations were carried out on a total of 164 young Hungarian Simmental bulls of different age at central performance testing stations and on farms (field test) to measure the scrotal circumference of bulls and describe its relationships with age and body weight. An age-related increase was found in average scrotal circumference in the populations studied. Average scrotal circumference of Hungarian Simmental bulls was 17.86 cm at 5 months of age and 37.06-37.72 cm at 13-14 months of age. The coefficient of correlation between age and scrotal circumference was between r = 0.31 and r = 0.40, while that between scrotal circumference and body weight varied between r = 0.35 and r = 0.59. The partial regression coefficients for age and body weight showed values of r = 0.003-0.063 and r = 0.017-0.032, respectively. The multiple coefficient of correlation was between R = 0.47 and R = 0.59.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

[Transient neonatal myasthenia gravis].

Authors reported about their experiences with newborn infants, who had transient myasthenia gravis; one disease developed in the fetal, others 10 in the early neonatal age. Direct correlation was found between the development of maternal polyhydramnios and the severity symptoms in newborns: risk of neonatal myasthenia gravis increased at these infants. Specific treatment included blood exchange transfusions and pyridostigmin (Mestinon) medication for 2-10 weeks. Five transient myasthenia gravis responded readily to blood exchange transfusions. Authors pointed out that in the early neonatal period the aetiology of an obscure respiratory inadequacy and hypoventilation might be regarded as transient myasthenia gravis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Laparoscopic gastroenterostomy for duodenal obstruction.

BACKGROUND: It is not yet clear where laparoscopic procedures will fit into the armamentarium of the surgeon. Over the past decade, there has been a clear trend toward minimally invasive procedures for palliation of inoperable cancer. Traditionally, when duodenal obstruction occurs secondary to a disease process, gastric bypass through laparotomy is required. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between November 13, 1992 and September 13, 1994, 10 patients underwent laparoscopic gastroenterostomy for duodenal obstruction. In 9 patients, the procedure was carried out for malignant obstruction; in 1 patient, duodenal obstruction was secondary to chronic scarring from benign peptic ulcer disease. Eight of these patients already had biliary decompression through radiologic or endoscopic means. One patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystenterostomy for biliary obstruction in addition to the laparoscopic gastroenterostomy. RESULTS: Laparoscopic gastroenterostomy was successfully completed in 8 of the 10 patients. In 2, conversion to open surgery was necessary. There was no mortality related to this operative approach. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic gastroenterostomy is a safe procedure for treatment of duodenal obstruction. Good palliation can be expected in patients with obstruction of the duodenum secondary to advanced malignancies.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Outpatient planning for persons with physical disabilities: a randomized prospective trial of physiatrist alone versus a multidisciplinary team.

The purposes of this study were to assess the effect of adding a physiatrist to the usual community management of persons with complex disabilities, and to determine whether there were differences in decision making and patient outcome between evaluations by a physiatrist alone or with a multidisciplinary team in this population. Consecutively referred patients with functional complaints in two of the following areas, mobility, activities of daily living, emotions and cognition, work, or social support, were randomly assigned to a multidisciplinary outpatient team evaluation or physiatrist evaluation in an office setting. Forty persons, 21 team and 19 office, served as subjects. For the entire group, functional assessment scores before and after evaluation were as follows: Barthel index 71.79 versus 76.47 (p < .008) and Frenchay Activities index 9.97 versus 11.32 (p < .05) Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. Patients quality of life differences were significant (p < .03 or less by Wilcoxon). Most differences between team and physiatrist were not shown to be statistically significant in this small population. Physiatric evaluation, with or without a multidisciplinary team, can improve outpatient functional status and quality of life for persons living in the community with complex disabilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Genomic imprinting of Mash2, a mouse gene required for trophoblast development.

The mouse gene Mash2 encodes a transcription factor required for development of trophoblast progenitors. Mash2-homozygous mutant embryos die at 10 days postcoitum from placental failure. Here we show that Mash2 is genomically imprinted. First, Mash2+/- embryos inheriting a wild-type allele from their father die at the same stage as -/- embryos, with a similar placental phenotype. Second, the Mash2 paternal allele is initially expressed by groups of trophoblast cells at 6.5 and 7.5 days post-coitum, but appears almost completely repressed by 8.5 days post-coitum. Finally, we have genetically and physically mapped Mash2 to the distal region of chromosome 7, within a cluster of imprinted genes, including insulin-2, insulin-like growth factor-2 and H19.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

Isoenzyme, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and random amplified polymorphic DNA characterization of Phaffia rhodozyma Miller et al.

The validity of the species concept was examined with strains of Phaffia rhodozyma by comparing the isoenzyme profiles, ribosomal DNAs, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns of the strains. The isoenzyme profiles appeared to be more stable than the RAPD patterns or the electrophoretic karyotypes determined previously (A. Nagy, N. Garamszegi, C. Vágvölgyi, and L. Ferenczy, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., in press). The ribosomal DNA patterns revealed only a limited degree of variability, while RAPD analysis proved to be the most useful method for differentiating the strains studied. Strain CBS 5905T (T = type strain) produced characteristic RAPD patterns, which were different from those produced by the other strains. However, despite the high degree of variability observed, the isoenzyme data and the slightly variable ribosomal DNA hybridization profiles confirmed that the strains which we examined belong to one species.

Base Sequence↗