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Biomedical subjects

A Nader

Publications and source records attributed to A Nader.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The administration of foot and mouth disease vaccine with oil adjuvant and its influence on the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.

The possible influence of vaccination with oil adjuvanted foot and mouth disease vaccines on the tuberculin response was investigated in 32 normal guinea pigs and 190 non-tuberculous bovines. Circulating anti-Mycobacterium bovis IgG antibodies were analysed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in order to determine the effect of the vaccination on the humoral response against mycobacteria in cattle. Control animals were either nonvaccinated or injected with aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccine. Administration of foot and mouth disease vaccine had no apparent influence on the tuberculin responses of either guinea pigs or cattle, nor did it influence the level of anti-M. bovis antibodies in cattle.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

Reciprocal cellular and humoral immune responses in bovine tuberculosis.

A sandwich ELISA for the detection of gamma interferon showed higher sensitivity and specificity than an indirect ELISA for mycobacterial antibodies in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Circumstantial evidence of an inverse relationship between cellular and humoral immune responses to Mycobacterium bovis was found in cattle with natural infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Further evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.

The sensitivity and specificity of an ELISA for the detection of bovine IgG anti-Mycobacterium bovis antibodies were 73.6% and 94.1%, respectively, as determined in 53 bacteriologically confirmed tuberculous cattle and 101 healthy cattle from a tuberculosis-free area. In addition, the results of ELISA and tuberculin tests in 149 cattle were compared with those of subsequent necropsy studies. Both tests failed to detect 2 animals with tuberculous lesions and positive culture; 3/12 cattle with M. bovis isolation and no lesions, and 2/7 with atypical mycobacterial infection reacted to tuberculin, but none had antibodies; in 128 cattle with neither lesions nor mycobacterial isolation, 6 were tuberculin reactors and 7 others had antibodies. Negative results were obtained by ELISA in 21/22 paratuberculous cattle. Antibodies were not detected in 88.9% to 96.4% of 697 cattle from two tuberculin negative herds of an endemic area. In a herd with proved M. bovis infection, distribution of seropositive animals in tuberculin and non-tuberculin reactors was similar. Antibody responses to cutaneous tuberculin stimuli were observed in 4 experimentally infected cattle, but only in 2/10 healthy controls after repeated PPD stimuli. Nine controls which had either received a single tuberculin dose or none showed no increase in antibody levels. The low sensitivity of this ELISA limits its usefulness as a diagnostic tool for bovine tuberculosis eradication campaigns. However, it could be helpful in epidemiological surveillance if its efficiency to identify infected herds is demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Teacher attitude toward the elementary exceptional child.

A factorial study was carried out to assess attitudes of elementary teachers toward exceptional children, grades 1-6, in Bensenville , Illinois, U. S. A. A 25-item attitude scale (questionnaire) was designed. Each item was responded to a 5-point Likert-type scale. Teachers indicated extent of their agreement or disagreement that described their attitudes toward the exceptional child. Ten dimensions underlying teachers' attitudes toward the exceptional child were isolated. Attitudes occur primarily on items associated with four factors: effects of exceptional child in the classroom; teacher anxiety; teachers' perception of exceptional child; teachers' conditions for accepting exceptional child. About one-third of the teachers agreed to the items in the four factors. The results showed that teachers perceived their inability to work with certain exceptionalities due to lack of knowledge, impositions , and anxieties. They accepted the mildly retarded but rejected the physically handicapped, severely handicapped, and emotionally disturbed. Implications of the study to develop teachers' positive attitudes are: increased experience, contact with exceptional children, specific skill acquisition, and supportive assistance.

Attitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of four antigens for the detection of anti-Mycobacterium bovis antibodies by enzyme immunoassay].

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis through the detection of specific seric antibodies has recently been developed in our laboratory. In order to assess its reproducibility and select the most adequate antigen, four bovine PPDs from different sources were evaluated in parallel: PPD M. bovis strain AN5, CEPANZO standard (CPZ), PPD M. bovis strain AN5, European Economic Community standard (EEC), PPD M. bovis strain AN5, prepared from non heated bacilli, killed by phenol (P) and PPD. M. bovis BCG strain prepared at the Pasteur Institute, Paris (BCG). Sera from 22 healthy cattle from tuberculosis free area and 20 bacteriologically confirmed tuberculous animals were employed in simultaneous assays. Antibody mean and standard deviations from healthy cattle expressed as optical density (OD) values were 45 +/- 22 when CPZ was used as antigen, 24 +/- 10 with EEC, 103 +/- 56 with P and 56 +/- 20 with BCG. Mean O.D. from tuberculous cattle were 588 +/- 158, 510 +/- 234, 782 +/- 138 and 441 +/- 189 with antigens CPZ, EEC, P and BCG respectively. A close correlation was observed when results obtained with EEC and P were compared with that of CPZ (r: 0.97 and 0.94 respectively). A lower specificity was achieved when BCG was used as antigen being also lower its correlation with the results obtained with CPZ (r: 0.87). It is concluded that our ELISA would achieve similar sensitivity and specificity if CPZ, EEC and P were used as antigens. On the other hand, BCG would not be suitable for this assay.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Drugs in the physician's bag for emergency conditions].

The list of drugs for the physician's bag depends on several factors, including practice location, conditions most likely to be found, costs and availability of drugs, organization of the emergency medicine in the region, shelf life and climatic vulnerability of certain drugs, population age, and size and design of the bag. Most of the drugs carried should be in an injectable form. However, the non-injectable drugs with relatively rapid systemic onset may be also included. Separation of drugs in the bag according to their usage may help in providing an organized treatment. For example, one could separate drugs for treatment of the following emergencies: cardiovascular, altered mental status, respiratory, gastrointestinal, bleeding, infections, and toxicological emergencies. The list of drugs needed for medical emergencies when physician makes house-calls is presented with short notes on their usage. Oncologic, toxicologic and pediatric emergencies are commented.

Emergency Medical Services↗