Biomedical subjects

A Nadeau

Publications and source records attributed to A Nadeau.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

A study of some potential correlates of the hypotensive effects of prolonged submaximal exercise in normotensive men.

This study was undertaken (1) to examine the relation of plasma catecholamine and insulin levels to the blood pressure response during and after submaximal exercise, (2) to verify whether the blood pressure response to an epinephrine infusion is associated with the blood pressure response to a prolonged submaximal exercise, and (3) to study some potential correlates of the hypotensive effect of prolonged aerobic exercise. Nine normotensive young men (mean age 22.0 +/- 1.4 years) were subjected to a 1-h epinephrine infusion protocol and a 1-h submaximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. The two tests were performed 1 week apart. The physiological and hormonal responses observed during the submaximal exercise test were generally greater than those observed during the epinephrine infusion test. Blood pressure responses in both tests showed no significant association with changes in plasma insulin levels. Changes in plasma norepinephrine concentration were positively correlated with changes in systolic blood pressure during the submaximal exercise test but not during the epinephrine infusion. Results also showed that the blood pressure response to epinephrine infusion was not correlated with the blood pressure response to submaximal exercise. However, post-exercise and post-infusion systolic blood pressure responses (differences between "post-test" and "resting" values) were significantly associated (r = 0.81, p less than 0.01). In addition, a significant hypotensive effect of submaximal exercise was observed for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Increased resting metabolic rate and lipid oxidation in exercise-trained individuals: evidence for a role of beta-adrenergic stimulation.

This study investigated the contribution of beta-adrenergic stimulation to the increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and lipid oxidation observed in exercise-trained individuals. Nine trained and eight sedentary men were subjected to two testing sessions, during which these variables were measured before and for 3 h after the oral administration of propranolol or placebo. As expected, RMR and lipid oxidation were significantly higher in the trained subjects before the administration of propranolol and throughout the placebo test in comparison with sedentary controls. A significant decrease in RMR and lipid oxidation was induced by propranolol in the trained subjects, whereas no change was observed in the untrained group, and this effect of propranolol was sufficient to abolish the difference between the two groups at baseline and under the placebo condition. Propranolol also induced a significant reduction in heart rate and systolic blood pressure, but the response was comparable in the two groups. In conclusion, the results of this study show that beta-adrenergic stimulation is involved in the increase in RMR and lipid oxidation observed in highly trained individuals. Moreover, the absence of a training-propranolol interaction effect on heart rate and systolic blood pressure suggests the existence of some dissociation between the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of prolonged exercise training.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Baroreflex regulation of forearm vascular resistance after exercise in hypertensive and normotensive humans.

The mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive period following a bout of exercise are not well understood. We examined the aftereffects of exercise on the linear relationship between forearm vascular resistance (FVR) and estimated central venous pressure (CVP) during leg raising and lower body negative pressure to determine whether an alteration of the baroreflex control of FVR was associated with the decreased blood pressure. Blood pressure, forearm blood flow (FBF), and estimated CVP were obtained in 13 hypertensive and 9 normotensive subjects evaluated in a randomized crossover fashion after 30 min of cycle ergometer exercise and after a nonexercise control period. In hypertensive subjects, the reduced blood pressure was accompanied by an increased baseline FBF after exercise. This resulted in a downward shift of the FVR-CVP relationship, while the slope was unchanged. In normotensive subjects, blood pressure and baroreflex control of FVR were unaffected by prior exercise. Four of the hypertensive subjects performed an additional study in which forearm skin was vasodilated with local heating to FVR levels similar to those observed after exercise. Results suggested that the aftereffects of exercise could not be attributed to changes in cutaneous blood flow. We speculate that modulation of the baroreflex control of FVR after exercise contributes to its antihypertensive effect.

Cold Temperature↗

PubMed1992

Aftereffects of exercise on regional and systemic hemodynamics in hypertension.

Several studies have indicated that a single bout of physical exercise induced a significant antihypertensive effect during the hours after the activity. However, little information is presently available on the underlying hemodynamic changes. We examined 13 essential hypertensive patients and nine normotensive subjects in a randomized, crossover study design during 3 hours after a 30-minute period of upright leg cycling at 50% of peak aerobic capacity and during 3 hours after a 30-minute control period of rest. Blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and regional vascular resistance in the forearm as well as venous plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured repeatedly. After exercise, systolic (-11 +/- 2 mm Hg) and diastolic (-4 +/- 1 mm Hg) blood pressures, total peripheral resistance (-27 +/- 5%), forearm vascular resistance (-25 +/- 6%), and plasma norepinephrine levels (-21 +/- 7%) were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) decreased, and cardiac output was increased (+31 +1- 8%) compared with control in hypertensive subjects. In contrast, in normotensive subjects blood pressure, forearm vascular resistance, and plasma norepinephrine were unchanged, and systemic hemodynamics changed to a lesser extent than in hypertensive subjects after exercise. It is concluded that a decrease in regional vascular resistance in skeletal muscles and possibly in the skin in hypertensive patients may contribute importantly to the antihypertensive effect of prior exercise. A decreased sympathetic nervous activity, as seen from lower plasma norepinephrine levels, may be involved in this effect.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Visceral obesity in men. Associations with glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, and lipoprotein levels.

The relations of regional adipose tissue (AT) distribution measured by computed tomography (CT) to plasma insulin-glucose homeostasis and lipoprotein-lipid levels were studied in 58 obese and 29 lean control men. In the group of obese men, the visceral AT area measured by CT was positively correlated with fasting plasma triglyceride and insulin levels and with glucose and insulin areas under the curves measured during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Visceral AT area was also negatively associated with plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL2 cholesterol levels. The relative accumulation of abdominal fat, estimated by the ratio of abdominal to femoral AT areas obtained by CT, was also a significant correlate of indices of carbohydrate metabolism and was the best univariate correlate of plasma lipoprotein levels. No significant associations were observed between the visceral AT area, the ratio of abdominal to femoral AT areas, and indices of carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in the group of lean men. On the other hand, the subcutaneous abdominal AT area was a significant correlate of the glucose area under the curve in both groups of men, but this association was not independent from the percentage of total body fat. No relationship was observed between the femoral AT area and indices of carbohydrate metabolism in either lean or obese groups. In obese men, however, the femoral AT area was negatively correlated with plasma triglyceride concentration and positively correlated with plasma HDL and HDL2 cholesterol levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abdomen↗

PubMed1992

Adipose tissue lipolysis after long-term overfeeding in identical twins.

Ten pairs of young male sedentary, non-obese, monozygotic (MZ) twins, aged 21 +/- 2 years (mean +/- s.d.), were overfed for a period of 100 days during which they ingested 4.2 MJ (1000 kcal) per day above their individual energy needs, 6 days per week. There was a mean 8.4 kg increase in body weight and the average gain in body fat reaches 5.6 kg (P less than 0.0001). A biopsy of subcutaneous abdominal fat was performed, before and after the treatment, to determine fat cell weight as well as basal and catecholamine stimulated lipolyses from collagenase isolated adipocytes. Although analysis of variance revealed an increase in abdominal fat cell weight, no significant changes were noted in basal and catecholamine-stimulated lipolyses, due to large variation among individuals, results being expressed either per cell number or corrected for cell surface area. However, significant intrapair resemblance was observed in the changes of basal and epinephrine stimulated lipolyses (ri of about 0.60 in both cases), suggesting a concordant within-pair response, despite large between-pair variation. These results support the notion that the genotype may play an important role in regulating the response of abdominal adipose cells lipolytic activity to caloric excess.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1992

Relation of abdominal obesity to hyperinsulinemia and high blood pressure in men.

The relationships between body fatness, adipose tissue distribution, plasma glucose, insulin levels, lipoprotein levels, and resting blood pressure were studied in 81 men aged 36.0 +/- 3.3 years (mean +/- s.d.) (body mass index (BMI): 27.4 +/- 3.8 kg/m2, percentage body fat: 26.4 +/- 6.6%). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) were significantly associated with the BMI (r = 0.31, r = 0.33, P < 0.01), the waist circumference (r = 0.33, r = 0.27; P < 0.01) as well as with adipose tissue areas measured by computerized tomography (CT) (0.27 < or = r < or = 0.36, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the relative accumulation of subcutaneous abdominal fat, as estimated by the ratio of abdominal to femoral adipose tissue areas measured by CT, was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic BP (P < 0.01). Fasting plasma insulin level (r = 0.30, P < 0.01) as well as the insulin area measured during an oral glucose tolerance test (0.34 < or = r < or = 0.37, P < 0.01) were significantly correlated with blood pressure. Systolic and diastolic BP were significantly associated with HDL2-cholesterol (C) as well as with the HDL2-C/HDL3-C ratio (-0.24 < or = r < or = -0.34), whereas triglycerides (r = 0.23) and the HDL-C/C ratio (r = -0.23) were significantly correlated with diastolic BP only (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that the insulin area was the most important variable associated with blood pressure and that this association was independent of total body fatness and regional adipose tissue distribution. Plasma insulin levels explained 14% and 11% of the variance observed in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures respectively. These results suggest that most of the association between abdominal obesity and high blood pressure is mediated by the hyperinsulinemia and/or the related insulin resistant state.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1991

Validation of the polyethylene glycol precipitation technique for the characterization of rat ventricular beta-adrenoceptors.

The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to separate [125I]cyanopindolol bound to rat ventricular membranes from free ligand in the characterization of beta-adrenoceptors was compared with the more frequently utilized filtration technique through GF/F glass-fiber filters. The results obtained in tissue from 14 rats demonstrated the following: (i) no significant difference between the two methods for the density of beta-adrenoceptors in ventricular tissue (PEG: 30.9 +/- 1.5 vs GF/F: 28.6 +/- 2.0 fmol/mg of protein); (ii) no significant difference for the dissociation constant (PEG: 70.7 +/- 5.3 vs GF/F: 57.7 +/- 7.7 pM); (iii) similar values for the Hill coefficient (PEG: 0.996 +/- 0.004 vs GF/F: 0.988 +/- .016); (iv) a significant difference for the relationship of bound/free vs bound, expressed as r2 (PEG: 0.82 +/- 0.03 vs GF/F: 0.74 +/- 0.03 P less than 0.05). The apparently greater accuracy of the PEG method over the filtration technique is probably explained by a lower degree of nonspecific binding observed with this method than with the filtration technique. In conclusion, the PEG precipitation method is an interesting and accurate alternative to the more standard filtration technique in ventricular beta-adrenoceptor characterization.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Effect of physical training on ventricular beta-adrenergic receptor adenylate cyclase system of diabetic rats.

This study was designed to assess the effect of physical training on the ventricular beta-adrenergic receptor adenylate cyclase system of diabetic rats. Mild diabetes mellitus was induced by an intravenous (IV) injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). Rats were randomized into a group submitted to a progressive 10-week running program on a treadmill, while another group was kept sedentary. A group of sedentary nondiabetic rats was used as normal controls. Results showed a similar reduction in the density of beta-adrenergic receptors in sedentary diabetic (P less than .05) and trained diabetic rats (P less than .01) compared with controls, without any significant alteration in the dissociation constant. The basal and the sodium fluoride-stimulated maximal adenylate cyclase activities were similar in the three groups. However, the maximal response of adenylate cyclase to isoproterenol was significantly reduced in the two diabetic groups compared with controls (P less than .01). The decrease in adenylate cyclase response to isoproterenol observed in the diabetic groups appeared to be associated with a reduction in the total number of beta-adrenergic receptors and more specifically in those existing in the high-affinity state. On the other hand, the hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia present in sedentary diabetic rats was improved by training. These data suggest that the beneficial effects observed in response to training in experimental diabetes are not associated with changes in beta-adrenergic receptor adenylate cyclase system on membranes from ventricular tissue.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗

PubMed1991

Thermogenic and hormonal responses to palatable protein and carbohydrate rich food.

Simultaneous variations of oxygen consumption, and plasma insulin and norepinephrine were measured during the postprandial cephalic and gastrointestinal phases of feeding in six human subjects following the ingestion of various nutrients. On alternative days the subjects were given foods (1280 kjoules) either rich in carbohydrates (sugar pie) or in proteins (fish). Both nutrients produced an initial (0-40 min) enhanced thermogenesis and an early (2 min) cephalic insulin release. During that period, elevations of plasma norepinephrine were also observed with pie feeding at 10 and 30 min and at 10 min with fish. Palatability ratings indicated that both food items were equally tasting. During the gastrointestinal phase (40 to 120 min) the variations of these same parameters including glucagon seem to be explained by the content in carbohydrates and proteins in the food rather than by its palatability. Indeed during that period the protein meal was more thermogenic and the carbohydrate meal induced the expected insulin secretion. These results suggest that the palatability of the food is responsible for the early cephalic increase in postprandial thermogenesis, and for the insulin and norepinephrine release. During the subsequent gastrointestinal phase the increased thermogenesis is related to the composition of the food which exerts its action by the biochemical processes involved in the disposal of the absorbed nutrients.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Human resting energy expenditure in relation to dietary potassium.

This study investigates the putative effect of potassium on energy expenditure. Eight young adult men were submitted to two different normocaloric mixed diets in a randomized order, containing either 163 +/- 9 or 69 +/- 2 mmol potassium/d. On the fifth day of each diet, after an overnight fast, resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured over a 1-h period. After these measurements, either a potassium load (50 mmol) or a placebo were given to subjects submitted to the low- or the high-potassium diet, respectively. RMR was then measured again for 3 h and the last hour was kept for further analysis. Results showed that acute and chronic variations in potassium intake do not induce significant changes in RMR, and chronic but not acute changes in serum potassium concentration were significantly correlated with changes in energy expenditure (r = 0.74, P less than 0.05) by mechanisms that remain to be elucidated.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Regional variation in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity: association with plasma high density lipoprotein levels.

The associations of adipose tissue lipoprotien lipase (AT-LPL) activity with body fatness and plasma lipoprotein levels were studied in the light of the recently described regional differences in AT-LPL activity. In this regard, heparin-releasable LPL activity was measured in abdominal and femoral adipose tissues of 29 pre-menopausal women. Body fatness variables were all positively correlated with abdominal and femoral AT-LPL activities expressed per 10(6) cells. However, abdominal and femoral AT-LPL activities expressed per unit of cell surface displayed divergent association patterns with body fatness and plasma lipoprotein levels. Indeed, only abdominal AT-LPL activity remained significantly correlated with body fatness variables after adjustment for fat cell surface. Furthermore, whereas abdominal AT-LPL activity tended to be negatively correlated with plasma HDL-cholesterol levels, femoral AT-LPL activity was positively correlated with plasma HDL2-cholesterol (r = 0.40, P less than 0.05) concentration and with the HDL2-cholesterol/HDL3-cholesterol ratio (r = 0.49, P less than 0.01). These results demonstrate the importance of taking into account the regional variation in metabolic activity of adipose tissue when studying its associations with body fatness, and with plasma lipoprotein levels. The lack of association between abdominal AT-LPL activity and plasma HDL2-cholesterol levels lead us to suggest that AT-LPL activity may not be causally related with plasma HDL levels.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1991

Plasma epinephrine in chronically adrenodemedullated rats: lack of response to acute or chronic exercise.

Even if it is well established that epinephrine is a hormone originating from the adrenal medullae, the reappearance of circulating epinephrine has been reported in rats a few days after adrenodemedullation. To verify if the extra-adrenal tissue responsible for this epinephrine production can be stimulated, sham-operated or adrenodemedullated rats, either trained or kept sedentary, were submitted to an acute exercise stimulation test. Blood sampling was done before and after the test in precannulated rats for the determination of plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and corticosterone levels. Basal epinephrine levels were significantly reduced in trained and sedentary adrenodemedullated rats compared with their sham-operated counterparts. In response to exercise, there was no significant rise in epinephrine levels in both groups of adrenodemedullated rats. The norepinephrine levels in the basal state and in response to exercise were not altered by adrenodemedullation nor by physical conditioning. Basal corticosterone levels were similar between adrenodemedullated and sham-operated animals, either trained or kept sedentary. In response to exercise, corticosterone levels increased significantly in each group of rats but to a lesser extent in both groups of adrenodemedullated animals. These data indicate that the extra-adrenal epinephrine secretion that develops in the absence of adrenal medullae is not influenced by acute exercise nor by physical training.

Adrenal Medulla↗

PubMed1991

Loss of abdominal fat and metabolic response to exercise training in obese women.

Numerous studies have shown that a high accumulation of abdominal fat is associated with metabolic complications and with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. The present study examined the effects of changes in body fatness and in the level of abdominal fat on metabolic variables in a sample of 13 obese premenopausal women, aged 38.8 +/- 5.3 (SD) yr. Women exercised for 90 min at approximately 55% of maximal aerobic power (VO2 max) four to five times a week for a period of 14 mo. The training program induced a significant increase in VO2 max and a mean reduction in body fat mass of 4.6 kg (P less than 0.01), with no change in fat-free mass. Measurement of adipose tissue areas by computed tomography indicated a greater loss of abdominal fat compared with midthigh adipose tissue (P less than 0.05). The training program also produced significant reductions in the insulinogenic index measured during an oral glucose tolerance test and in plasma cholesterol (Chol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-Chol, and apolipoprotein (apo) B levels (P less than 0.05). Training also significantly increased plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-apo A-I and HDL2-Chol levels and decreased plasma HDL3-Chol concentration (P less than 0.05). Whereas no change in postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity was noted, a significant decrease in postheparin plasma hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was observed after training (P less than 0.005). Metabolic responses were not correlated with changes in VO2 max but were significantly correlated with the reduction in body fat mass and/or with the loss of deep abdominal fat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abdomen↗

PubMed1991

Beta-adrenoceptor adenylate cyclase system adaptation to physical training in rat ventricular tissue.

The beta-adrenergic receptor adenylate cyclase system of ventricular tissue was evaluated in a group of rats submitted to a progressive 10-wk running program on a treadmill and compared with that in a group of rats maintained sedentary during the same period. Adequate training was confirmed by a 46% increase in the gastrocnemius isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in the trained group [1.50 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.03 +/- 0.06 (SE) pmol.g-1.min-1; P less than 0.01). Binding studies with [125I]iodocyanopindolol showed a 13% reduction in the density of beta-adrenergic receptors in trained rats (42.6 +/- 2.1 vs. 49.0 +/- 2.1 fmol/mg; P less than 0.05) without any significant modification in the dissociation constant. The amount of [125I]iodocyanopindolol bound to beta-adrenoceptors in the high-affinity state was reduced by 16.6% in trained rats (12.5 +/- 0.9 vs. 15.0 +/- 0.5 fmol/mg; P less than 0.05) without any significant changes for those in the low-affinity state, indicating a decrease in the coupling between the beta-adrenergic receptors and the guanine stimulatory binding protein. Furthermore, although the basal and sodium fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were similar in the two groups of rats, the response of adenylate cyclase maximally stimulated by 10(-5) M isoproterenol was reduced by 16% in trained rats (29.7 +/- 1.4 vs. 35.3 +/- 1.3 pmol.mg-1.min-1; P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1991

Contribution of glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels to the relationships between body fat distribution and plasma lipoprotein levels in women.

Numerous interrelated metabolic and morphological variables such as plasma insulin levels, glucose tolerance and abdominal obesity are associated with changes in plasma lipoprotein levels. The present study was undertaken to differentiate, using a multivariate approach, the respective contributions of plasma glucose and insulin levels, obesity and regional adipose tissue distribution to the variance in plasma lipoproteins. The study group was composed of 69 healthy premenopausal women (age 35.4 +/- 5.0 years (mean +/- s.d.); percent body fat 40.7 +/- 10.1). Indices of carbohydrate metabolism showed significant univariate correlations with triglyceride (TG) and/or cholesterol (CHOL) content of plasma VLDL, LDL and HDL (P less than 0.05). Multivariate analyses indicated that the explained variance in plasma VLDL-TG (R2 x 100 = 44 percent, P less than 0.05) and LDL-apoprotein (apo) B levels (R2 x 100 = 33.1 percent, P less than 0.08) was entirely accounted for by indices of carbohydrate metabolism and body fat distribution, whereas total body fatness added no significant contribution to these models. Multivariate analyses also revealed that the best possible regression model to predict the variation in plasma HDL2-CHOL levels only included computed tomography-derived deep abdominal adipose tissue area (P less than 0.0001). All other variables were unable to further improve the explained variance in plasma HDL2-CHOL levels. In partial correlation analyses, indices of carbohydrate metabolism and the waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) remained significantly correlated with plasma VLDL-TG and LDL-apo B levels after adjustment of VLDL-TG and LDL-apo B for either insulin and glucose levels, or for the WHR (P less than 0.08). After correcting for deep abdominal fat accumulation, no significant correlation was observed between indices of carbohydrate metabolism and plasma HDL2-CHOL levels whereas deep abdominal fat showed significant correlations with HDL2-CHOL levels (P less than 0.05) after correction for indices of carbohydrate metabolism. These results suggest that both disturbances in glucose-insulin homeostasis and abdominal obesity are significantly associated with changes in plasma VLDL-TG and LDL-apo B levels and that these associations are partly independent from each other. These results also indicate that mechanisms other than disturbances in glucose homeostasis and hyperinsulinemia are responsible for the association between the level of deep abdominal fat and plasma HDL2-CHOL levels.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1991

Comparative effects of converting enzyme inhibition and conventional therapy in hypertensive non-insulin dependent diabetics with normal renal function.

The effects of long-term reduction in blood pressure by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, as single therapy or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), were compared with those of metoprolol and/or hydrochlorothiazide in 91 hypertensive non insulin-dependent diabetics with normal renal function. Following a single-blind placebo run-in period of 4 weeks, treatments were assigned randomly in a double-blind fashion. During the study, weight and glycosylated hemoglobin remained elevated. After 9 months of treatment, blood pressure fell significantly (p less than 0.0001) in all treatment groups, with most patients achieving goal supine diastolic blood pressure of less than or equal to 85 mmHg. Whereas urinary albumin excretion (UAE) did not change in patients given metoprolol and/or HCTZ, captopril monotherapy (p = 0.0021) or captopril given in combination with HCTZ (p = 0.0002) decreased UAE without affecting glomerular filtration rate. These data are in favour of a renal beneficial effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors distinct from their effects on systemic blood pressure. Further studies are needed to determine whether this effect persists with longer treatment, and whether it would lead to better preservation of kidney function than other antihypertensive agents.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Normalization of the metabolic profile in obese women by exercise and a low fat diet.

This study was performed to evaluate the additive effect of exercise and a low fat diet on body weight, body composition, and the metabolic profile in four obese women who were previously exercise-trained for 15 months. This study therefore included regular aerobic exercise for 15 months and a low fat diet plus exercise for an additional period of 14 months. After 15 months, mean body weight and fat losses corresponded to 6.4 and 8.4 kg, respectively. Significant reductions (P less than 0.05) in plasma insulin, cholesterol, apo B, and LDL-C were also observed. Following the second part of the study, mean cumulative body weight and fat losses were 11.0 and 11.3 kg, respectively. At this time, the subjects were still overweight, but their plasma glucose and insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test were essentially similar to values obtained in a sample of 22 nonobese women. With the exception of plasma apo B and HDL-C levels, plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were also comparable to those observed in nonobese controls. These results thus indicate that aerobic exercise-training and a low fat diet can normalize the metabolic profile of obese women, even if their adiposity remains higher than that of lean women.

Adipose Tissue↗