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Biomedical subjects

A N Smith

Publications and source records attributed to A N Smith.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Fecal characteristics contrasted in the irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease.

A comparison has been made of the fecal characteristics in controls and patients with the irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. No detectable difference was found in the fecal wet weight, dry weight, or total bile acid excretion in the four groups. A significant increase in the percentage of the water content of the stool was seen in the idiopathic diarrhea group with irritable bowel syndrome. Significantly less magnesium, potassium, and calcium was found in the stools of patients with diverticular disease and a similar trend was noted in patients with the spastic colon. These changes did not relate to the age of the patients. This suggests a common etiology for these disorders. The presence of increased water and primary bile acids in the feces of patients with idiopathic diarrhea suggests that this is a separate entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Post prandial changes in colonic motility related to serum gastrin levels.

Colonic motor activity and serum gastrin levels were correlated during a basal period and after a meal in 16 subjects. Motor activity preceded the gastrin response. The motility index and the serum gastrin levels rose in parallel, but the motility fell before later showing a second rise. The frequency response showed the earliest change and since it preceded the gastrin rise may be neurogenic. This response was later "extinguished" and replaced by one of waves of increasing amplitude; the sustained nature of this response fitted more closely the gastrin response.

Colon↗
PubMed1975

Bile acids and colonic motility in the rabbit and the human.

Colonic motor activity was initiated by infusions of bile salts into the caecum or rectum of the anaesthetized rabbit. Primary bile acids were examined proximally and distally in the colon and elicited marked motor responses. Sinc dihydroxy bile acids are known to be potent inhibitors of electrolyte and water absorption in the colon, the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid, the dihydroxyl compound most related to cholic acid which is the main bile acid in the rabbit, was examined distally and was also active, but to a lesser extent than cholic acid conjugates in this species. In man, a relationship was found between the faecal bile acid excretion and colonic motility: the introduction of bile acids directly into the human sigmoid colon and rectum also stimulated colonic motility. In man, the dihydroxy compound chenodeoxycholic acid was slightly more active than conjugates of cholic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Clinical effects of whole-body hyperthermia in adnanced malignancy.

Fifty-one patients in the terminal stages of cancer have been treated with whole-body hyperthermia either alone (38 cases) or in combination with chemotherapy (13 cases). Altogether 227 treatment sessions were held averaging four hours each. The most sensitive tumours were those of the gastrointestinal tract and sarcomas. Breast and genitourinary tumours did not respond, and lung tumours and melanomas were only partially responsive. Major complications were remarkably few.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Action of different bran preparations on colonic function.

Two different types of commercially available bran were studied. One of these was composed of flake-like particles (coarse bran) whereas the other had smaller, finer particles with a floury component (fine bran). The effectiveness of the two preparations in lowering intraluminal pressure and decreasing transit time in patients with constipation and diverticular disease was assessed. Only coarse bran promoted changes at the dose used. The physical properties of the brans were examined in an effort to explain their differing effects. It is concluded that water-holding capacity, upon which the beneficial effect of bran may depend, is a function of particle size. The greater water-holding capacity of coarse bran makes it preferable for the treatment of colonic disorders.

Constipation↗
PubMed1974

Intestinal streaming patterns in cholerrhoeic enteropathy and diverticular disease.

Streaming of gastrointestinal contents depends on the demonstration of differential rates of recovery of equal doses of two synchronously fed markers. There was no significant difference in the rate of throughput of polyethylene glycol (a liquid phase marker) and chromium sesquioxide (a solid phase marker) in healthy volunteers (n = 7) and hospital inpatients (n = 5) with normal bowel habit, so that streaming does not usually occur. In cholerrhoeic enteropathy (n = 5), however, the rate of throughput of polyethylene glycol was increased. In colonic diverticular disease (n = 7) the rate of throughput of polyethylene glycol was significantly lower. In cholerrhoeic enteropathy the liquid phase marker was excreted 1.5 times faster than the solid phase, but in the diverticular disease group the liquid phase was excreted 0.75 times more slowly than the solid phase marker. This may reflect the effects of colonic hypersegmentation on the relative distribution of the liquid and solid phases.

Adult↗