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Biomedical subjects

A N Boĭko

Publications and source records attributed to A N Boĭko.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Dendritic cells and their role in inflammation in the central nervous system].

Dendritic cells play a key role in initiation and regulation of adaptive immunity against pathogens and tumors, as well as in autoimmune disease. In this article we review recent data regarding distribution of dendritic cells in the central nervous system, their role in responses and possible role in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. We also consider possibilities to use dendritic cells as immunotherapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed2003

[The role of the peripheral nervous system damage in clinical picture of multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) was believed to be an autoimmune disease of central nervous system (CNS). Recently, several studies showing early involvement of peripheral nervous system (PNS) in MS pathological process have been published. This review own analyzer and published clinical and paraclinical data on PNS pathology in MS patients and CNS damage in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Different mechanisms of the damage of PNS may explain different clinical manifestation of PNS involvement in MS.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2003

[Results of a multicenter study of Rebif-22 mcg administration in Russia].

The results of multicenter study of Rebif 22 micrograms in Russia have been reported. 167 multiple sclerosis patients have received Rebif 22 micrograms three times a week for 1 year. This study provides evidence for reduction of the relapse rate in patients with relapsing/remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. The tendency to the decrease of the severity of relapses, less need for steroid use and the decrease of EDSS score in patients with relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis have been shown. In general Rebif 22 micrograms was tolerated well.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2003

[Mechanisms of development of neurodegenerative processes in multiple sclerosis: neuroprotective influence of beta-interferons today and neurotrophic factors -- tomorrow].

The review addresses an analysis of the causes of neurodegenerative process development in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as the modern approaches to the treatment of the disease. The best-studied mechanisms of degenerative alterations and clinical and experimental evidence supported the protective influence of beta-interferons treatment in MS are discussed. Neuroprotection is highlighted among the future directions. The main features of the various groups of neurotrophic factors and the possible ways of their therapy-targeted transport into brain tissues are analyzed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2003

[Certain problems of therapy with beta-interferon preparations].

The latest data on clinical effects of beta-interferon-1b (betaferon) in different clinical types of multile sclerosis (MS) are discussed in this review. All local and systemic side effects of this treatment are discussed as well as possible influence of neutralizing antibodies (NAB) on clinical efficacy of this treatment. Moderate and easily treated side effects as well as the absence of significant evidence for modulation of positive clinical effects of beta-interferons by NAT allow one to consider this medicine as one of the basic methods of MS treatment.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2003

[The influence of environmental factors on the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis].

257 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) participated in the study in Yaroslavl region. The main epidemiological indices (incidence and prevalence of MS) for the last 25 years were determined. The evaluation of environment pollution has been realized in different districts of the city according to the level of snow covering pollution. Farther in snow-test contents of 38 chemical elements found in industrial waste were determined and summary index of pollution of environment were calculated. Significant direct correlation is revealed between level of environment pollution and increasing of epidemiological characteristics of MS.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Eprosartan mesylate in controlling of blood pressure in patients with ischemic stroke].

In 20 patients with ischemic stroke and moderate or severe arterial hypertension the effectiveness of eprosartan mesilat (Teveten, Solway Farma, Germany) for a period of 6 months was studied. Patients received 600 mg of eprosartan mesilat daily and in 4 cases hydrochlortyaside was also added. Monotherapy with eprosartan mesilat was effective in all patients with moderate arterial hypertension and in 43.6% in patients with severe arterial hypertension. Therapy with eprosartan mesilat was associated with significant hypotensive effect (more evident in patients with high systolic blood pressure), improvement in 24-hour blood pressure profile and quality of life, and lower probability of secondary stroke. Side effects were not observed.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Epidemiological characteristics of multiple sclerosis in Russia].

An increase in multiple sclerosis (MS) frequency was registered in several countries including Russia. This may be associated with better MS diagnosis and treatment, better data collection and real increase in MS incidence. Previous local studies sometimes were based on mainly hospital cases, so the real prevalence was underestimated. Several population-based studies showed that Russia is in the zone of medium MS risk. In 1999-2000, 24 local medical committees collected the "official" data on the number of resident MS patients, which varied greatly. Statistical analyses showed a significant negative association (R = -0.68) between estimated level of MS prevalence and the percent of severe cases among these MS patients. It is proposed that in several regions the number of mild MS cases had been underestimated and thus the percent of severe cases was high. Using the rates, received in large population-based studies in different countries, we re-calculated the data using the 33% rate of severe MS cases as a model. The calculated "model" indexes using "official" data in two Russian cities Moscow and Orel (40.8 and 64.8 cases per 100,000 of population) were very close to what had been found in these populations in population-based epidemiological studies (37.8 and 66.1 cases, respectively). Recalculation of the "official" data from all 24 regions showed, that the "model" MS prevalence in different regions of Russia varied from 35 till 70 cases per 100,000 of population, which seems real taking into consideration the geographical factor and the ethnic origin of these populations (percents of European residents). These "model" numbers may be used before the already started all-over-country epidemiological study will be finished.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

[Complex evaluation of neuropsychological cognitive and emotional personality disorders in multiple sclerosis].

UNLABELLED: 30 patients with definite MS and mild or moderate disability were tested with expended neuropsychological, psychiatric, psychological, neurological, neurophysiological, MRI methods. The aim of the study was to analyse the role of cognitive, emotional and personal peculiarities in MS clinical picture and its influence on patients adaptation and quality of life. It was found, that patients with MS had high level of personal anxiety, emotional ways of coping and low scores in constructive reasoning, narrowing of motivation sphere. Neuropsychological test performance revealed low level in activation, regulatory and operation brain processing connected with dysfunction in relations of profound structures with frontal brain and dysfunction of temporal-occipital zones of right hemisphere and also with connections between hemispheres. CONCLUSION: All changes had relationship with brain MRI abnormalities and neurophysiological characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Mechanisms of glatiramer acetate action in demyelinating diseases: antigen-specific, organ-specific or process-specific treatment].

Use of the "disease modifying" medicines is a significant success in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. These ways of MS treatment were scientificantly based and proved in large well-designed randomized studies, while direct mechanisms of their action is still under investigation. This review is discussing the mechanisms of action of glutiramer acetate (GA)--one of these medicines, modifying MS course. Its positive clinical effects in relapsing-remitting MS were shown in large clinical studies, confirmed by MRI and supported by extension trials. Immunomodulative effects of GA in MS and its experimental model (EAE) may be associated with induction of GA-specific cells clone, which have several positive for MS features, for example producing anti-inflammatory Th2-cytokines. Other characteristics of these cell clones should be studied further.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2002

[Beta-interferons in multiple sclerosis: comparative trials and potential individual selection in different types of the disease course].

Beta-interferons (beta-IFN) are effective treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent comparative studies showed significantly higher efficacy of high doses of beta-IFN used every other day. In secondary progressive MS data of beta-IFN trials are not so promising. This may be due to mechanisms of action of this medicine: it can effectively block neurodegeneration associated with inflammation, while in secondary progressive MS other mechanisms of degeneration may be present. Own original studies showed, that the level of MMP9 in serum can be used as an informative biological marker of beta-IFN activity in MS, this treatment could be more effective in DR2(15)-positive individuals and the presence of severe brain atrophy at baseline MRI can be used as a predictor of less effective results of treatment with beta-IFN. Future studies must define the methods, which may be used for selecting the subgroup of MS patients with the best response to beta-IFN. Data of pharmacogenetic and pharmacoeconomic studies must be helpful.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2002

[Quality of life in multiple sclerosis and pharmaco-economic studies].

Early disability and its rapid progression emphasize the medico-social importance of MS. The widely used disease-modifying treatments allowed to delay the time of severe disability, but this way of treatment is very expensive. The cost of MS is discussed based on literature data. The level of the cost of MS greatly depends on the disease severity and activity. Thus the studies of quality of life (QL) and pharmacoeconomical analysis, besides neurological scales, can give important additional information for clinical trials. First such studies in Europe in patients with secondary progressive MS showed a delay in progression of QL indexes in patients under Betaferon treatment in comparison to placebo. We studied changes in MOS SF-36 and WHO QL scales in groups of 60 MS patients, receiving Rebif or Copaxone. After 3 months of Rebif significant positive changes in scales, reflecting physical and social activity of MS patients, were found. At the same time negative changes in the "Pain" scale might reflect the presence of local side effects of beta-interferons treatment. No statistically significant changes in QL indexes under treatment with Copaxone were seen. The results of QL testing were associated with data of neuropsychological tests, characterizing chronic fatigue and depression. Thus the measurement of QL indexes may be a source of significant additional information, estimating the effecis of treatment and is the basic for pharmacoeconomical analysis.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2000

[Comparative clinico-immuno-chemical analysis of remittent and secondary-progressive course of multiple sclerosis].

Immunochemical monitoring of remittent and secondary-progressive course of multiple sclerosis (MS) was performed. Examination of 61 patients was performed during 3 years. Inflammatory cytokines: (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha), were measured in supernatants of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells while some neurospecific proteins (GFAP and alpha 2-GP), vesicular-cellular molecules of the adhesion (sVCAM-1) were estimated in blood serum. 50 healthy donors entered the control group. The results demonstrated a remaining functional tension of cell immunity and a decrease of the resistance of hematoencephalic barrier (HEB) at all MS stages. However, in secondary-progressive MS concentration of the sVCAM-1 in blood serum was elevated as compared with the control group, patients with remittent course and in clinical improvement. It is suggested that some functional alteration of HEB endothelium, manifest in constant pathologic expression of sVCAM-1 molecule, is one of the pathochemical mechanisms promoting progression of MS process.

Adolescent↗