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Biomedical subjects

A Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to A Murphy.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Carcinoma arising in the neovagina: case report and review of the literature.

Carcinoma arising in the neovagina is unusual. A case of squamous cell cancer arising in a neovagina constructed by split-thickness dermal graft is reported. This is the fifth reported case of primary cancer of the neovagina; 2 adenocarcinomas and 2 squamous cell carcinomas were reported previously. Primary carcinoma of the neovagina is a distinct clinical entity because of the younger age of occurrence and the histopathologic type.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Herpes zoster: complications pathogenesis and pathology. The specialist view.

The term herpes zoster is derived from the Greek herpes: to creep and zoster: a belt or girdle. Shingles is from the Latin cingere: to gird, which was corrupted to mean a belt of girdle for the human form. A typical attack of herpes zoster is usually not difficult to recognise, but it is important to be aware of uncommon manifestations and complications.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Aetiology of viral gastroenteritis: a review.

Over the past seven to eight years, several virus groups have been shown to be associated with gastroenteritis. They are adenoviruses, astroviruses, caliciviruses, coronaviruses. Norwalk-like viruses and rotaviruses. In infants and young children, rotaviruses are the single most important aetiological agents of acute gastroenteritis in terms of numbers of cases and also of patients requiring admission to hospital. In older children and adults, the aetiology is less clear, but the present state of our knowledge indicates that Norwalk-like viruses are one of the major causes. Most of these gastroenteritis-producing viruses cannot be propagated satisfactorily in laboratory cell-culture systems, and electron microscopy is the chief method of detection. Immune electron microscopy is used to demonstrate specific antibody increases during infection and to show antigenic differences between morphologically similar viruses. These techniques are relatively insensitive, and the development of a cell-culture system for the propagation of these "gastroenteritis viruses" would greatly facilitate epidemiological studies and vaccine development.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Diagnostic laparoscopy: role in management of acute pelvic pain.

Laparoscopy is valuable in the definitive diagnosis of pelvic pain of uncertain aetiology. A clinical diagnosis of pelvic pain was made in 67 patients, but was confirmed by laparoscopy in only 34. In 36 patients in whom a clinical diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy had been made this was confirmed at laparoscopy in 21, while six of 26 positive laparoscopic diagnoses of ectopic pregnancy were unsuspected clinically. Acute pelvic inflammatory disease was diagnosed correctly on clinical grounds in only eight of 22 patients; in the other 16 patients the diagnosis was first made at laparoscopy. In these 16 patients there was poor correlation with the bacteriological results of cervical smears and cultures. Of 30 patients in whom a preoperative clinical diagnosis had not been made, laparoscopy showed normal pelvic viscera in 12. Similarly, in another eight of the 68 patients thought to have organic pelvic pathology on clinical grounds, the laparoscopic findings were normal. Apart from establishing a definitive diagnosis, laparoscopy has been found to be a safe procedure, and one of considerable cost effectiveness in terms of hospital stay.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1981

Corneal donor material selection.

The authors conducted the first long-range study to demonstrate possible negative effects on the recipients of corneal transplantation from donors who had died of a systemic malignancy or of chronic neurologic disease. The results are reported of a long-term retrospective analysis of 73 patients who received 86 grafts from donors with various systemic malignancies. These patients were followed for a mean of 127 months. There was no evidence of the transfer of the same malignancy to any of the recipients. There was no increased incidence of malignancy or earlier mortality in our patient population when compared with a reference population. Graft infection, endophthalmitis, or local tumor growth was not observed. The authors state that at the present time there is no basis for excluding donors dying of systemic malignancy as a source of material for use in keratoplasty. The authors examined the case histories of six patients who received grafts from donors who had died of a neurological disease with a suspected viral etiology. In a follow-up period ranging from 120 to 174 months, no evidence of neurologic disease developed in any of the patients. The sample was too small to provide data necessary for drawing conclusions concerning the safety of the use of material from this source. The authors strongly advise excluding any patient with a neurologic disease of suspected viral etiology as a source of corneal donor material.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A simple technique for studying immunoglobulin synthesis by normal and malignant plasma cells in vitro.

Plasma cells from human marrows are saturated with C-14 labelled amino acids, harvested and recultured in unlabelled growth medium. The appearance of radioactivity in the growth medium then provides a simple and rapid measure of protein synthesis. The secreted radio-labelled material is characterized by isoelectric focusing and autoradiography in acrylamide gels, a technique which has advantages over established serological methods.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1977

Transmission of rotavirus gastroenteritis from children to a monkey.

A pooled suspension of rotavirus was prepared from the stools of eight children with acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis. The suspension was infused into the duodenum and stomach of an infant monkey (Nemestrina macaque). Biopsy samples of duodenal mucosa were taken at several intervals after inoculation, examined by light and electron microscopy, and assayed for lysosomal activity. Virus-like particles were seen within and around microvilli and intracellularly within vesicles as early as 20 minutes after the infusion. On the fourth and fifth days, large lysosomal bodies containing numerous virus-like particles were found within epithelial cells of the duodenal villi. No such particles were seen in the pre-inoculation sample or at days 16 or 25 after infection. The present study would appear to be the first demonstration of the transmission of this human virus to another species.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Assessment of counseling practices at the birth of a child with Down's syndrome.

An attempt was made to analyze 414 parents' perceptions of their experiences at the birth of their child with Down's syndrome. The interpretation of the results and the parents' comments suggest that the counseling of parents with a newborn Down's syndrome child demands tact, truthfulness, and empathetic guidance. The parents should be informed of the child's condition in a kind and sensitive manner as soon as the diagnosis of Down's syndrome has been made. Appropriate terminology should be employed, and both parents should be present when the physician tells them of their misfortune. Unconditional recommendations of institutionalization of the child with Down's syndrome should be practices of the past. The professionals' thoughtful considerations and mature counsel should assist constructively in shaping the child's future.

Adolescent↗