[Effect of preoperative THP-FLPM (pirarubicin, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, cisplatin, mitomycin C) therapy on far advanced gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
A Murata
Publications and source records attributed to A Murata.
[Effects of bathing on lung mechanics in patients with severe COPD].
Although it is well known that the majority of patients with severe COPD complain of exacerbated dyspnea while taking a Japanese-style bath, the mechanism has not been elucidated. We therefore investigated changes in lung volume (LV) and SaO2 in 16 seated patients with severe COPD, receiving treated with home oxygen therapy (HOT), and in 10 healthy subjects (C) immersed to the navel (N) and to the shoulder (S). We then subdivided the COPD patients into 2 groups, A and B. Group A was composed of patients taking less than 2 L oxygen/min, while group B was taking equal to or greater than 2 L oxygen/min. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) decreased with statistical significance (p < 0.05) while inspiratory capacity (IC) substantially increased as immersion progressed. However, changes in LV were smaller, as obstructive ventilatory changes progressed. It also appeared that a significant O2 desaturation occurred in patients with COPD when movement was associated with taking a bath. The drop in SaO2 during bathing was significantly improved after patients received instructions concerning posture, slow movements, and pursed-lip breathing. These findings suggest that immersion, such as when taking a Japanese-style bath, 1) may change various LV to a lesser degree than in healthy subjects because of previously existent airway obstruction in COPD, 2) may aggravate arterial desaturation through further impairment of the VA/Q imbalance, 3) instructions for COPD patients could improve, their condition while bathing and, 4) the 6 minute walking distance (6 MD) might be important in predicting the severity of arterial desaturation while COPD patients are immersed.
Aged↗
Heparan sulfate isomers in cerebral arteries of Japanese women with aging and with atherosclerosis--heparitinase and high-performance liquid chromatography determinations.
Composition of heparan sulfate (HS) isomers from unaffected and atherosclerotic cerebral arteries (isolated by autopsy) of Japanese women, of various ages, was studied. HS isomers were separated as disaccharide units by high-performance liquid chromatography after degeneration with HS and heparin lyases. Heparitinase facilitated differentiation of eight unsaturated disaccharides (deltaDi-S(HS)) of vascular HS isomers. The HS isomers in the cerebral arteries consisted of approximately half the total glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Both HS (and GAGs) tended to increase with the processes of aging but decreased with the advancing development of atherosclerosis. The HS isomers consisted of a higher proportion of non-sulfated disaccharide, about 2/3 of the total HS, followed by mono-sulfated and bis-sulfated saccharides; in addition, heparin existed, albeit in minute amounts. The proportion of deltaDi-S(HS) rich in sulfate compared with HS isomers tended to increase with aging but most decreased during formation of the atheroma. Putative functions of HS isomers in cerebral arteries are discussed, based on the characteristic distribution of HS components.
Adolescent↗
The TINS Lecture. The parietal association cortex in depth perception and visual control of hand action.
Recent neurophysiological studies in alert monkeys have revealed that the parietal association cortex plays a crucial role in depth perception and visually guided hand movement. The following five classes of parietal neurons covering various aspects of these functions have been identified: (1) depth-selective visual-fixation (VF) neurons of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), representing egocentric distance; (2) depth-movement sensitive (DMS) neurons of V5A and the ventral intraparietal (VIP) area representing direction of linear movement in 3-D space; (3) depth-rotation-sensitive (RS) neurons of V5A and the posterior parietal (PP) area representing direction of rotary movement in space; (4) visually responsive manipulation-related neurons (visual-dominant or visual-and-motor type) of the anterior intraparietal (AIP) area, representing 3-D shape or orientation (or both) of objects for manipulation; and (5) axis-orientation-selective (AOS) and surface-orientation-selective (SOS) neurons in the caudal intraparietal sulcus (cIPS) sensitive to binocular disparity and representing the 3-D orientation of the longitudinal axes and flat surfaces, respectively. Some AOS and SOS neurons are selective in both orientation and shape. Thus the dorsal visual pathway is divided into at least two subsystems, V5A, PP and VIP areas for motion vision and V6, LIP and cIPS areas for coding position and 3-D features. The cIPS sends the signals of 3-D features of objects to the AIP area, which is reciprocally connected to the ventral premotor (F5) area and plays an essential role in matching hand orientation and shaping with 3-D objects for manipulation.
Animals↗
Object representation in the ventral premotor cortex (area F5) of the monkey.
Visual and motor properties of single neurons of monkey ventral premotor cortex (area F5) were studied in a behavioral paradigm consisting of four conditions: object grasping in light, object grasping in dark, object fixation, and fixation of a spot of light. The employed objects were six different three-dimensional (3-D) geometric solids. Two main types of neurons were distinguished: motor neurons (n = 25) and visuomotor neurons (n = 24). Motor neurons discharged in association with grasping movements. Most of them (n = 17) discharged selectively during a particular type of grip. Different objects, if grasped in similar way, determined similar neuronal motor responses. Visuomotor neurons also discharged during active movements, but, in addition, they fired also in response to the presentation of 3-D objects. The majority of visuomotor neurons (n = 16) showed selectivity for one or few objects. The response was present both in object grasping in light and in object fixation conditions. Visuomotor neurons that selectively discharged to the presentation of a given object discharged also selectively during grasping of that object. In conclusion, object shape is coded in F5 even when a response to that object is not required. The possible visual or motor nature of this object coding is discussed.
Animals↗
Association of HLA-DR, DQ genotype with different beta-cell functions at IDDM diagnosis in Japanese children.
Japanese IDDM patients have been demonstrated to have unique and different HLA associations from white patients. To elucidate the effect of HLA-associated genetic factors on the clinical heterogeneity of IDDM in Japanese people, HLA-DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 genotypes in 88 childhood-onset Japanese IDDM patients were examined by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) or sequence-specific primers (SSP). Of the 88 IDDM patients, 26 (29.5%) had DRB1*0405-DQA1*0302-DQB1*0401/X (DR4-DQ4/X), 38 (43.2%) had DRB1*0901-DQA1*0302-DQB1*0303/X (DR9-DQ9/X), and 9 (10.2%) were DR4/9-DQ4/9 heterozygous in the present study (X does not contain protective alleles). Clinical heterogeneity such as age distribution at onset, prevalence and serum level of anti-GAD antibodies (GADAb), and residual pancreatic beta-cell function after diagnosis were compared between patients with HLA-DR4-DQ4 and DR9-DQ9. The frequency of DR9-DQ9 genotype was significantly higher in the younger (0-10 years) than in the older (11-16 years) age-group of onset, but the frequency of DR4-DQ4 was higher in the older (11-16 years) age-group. Although no association of DR-DQ genotypes with the prevalence and serum level of GADAb was found among newly diagnosed patients, long-standing DR9-DQ9 patients had significantly higher levels of GADAb than those with DR4-DQ4. While no difference in time course of serum C-peptide (CPR) levels was detected between GADAb+ and GADAb- patients, a remarkable difference was demonstrated between DR9-DQ9 and DR4-DQ4 patients. The residual pancreatic beta-cell function was retained more in patients with DR4-DQ4 than in those with DR9-DQ9 at diagnosis through 12-18 months after diagnosis. These results suggest that the DR9-DQ9 genotype may induce stronger autoimmune destructive response (T-helper 1 function) against target beta-cells than the DR4-DQ4 genotype does. Our findings may warrant further studies on the association of diabetogenic autoimmune response with HLA class II molecules and contribute to a clarification of interracial differences in HLA-encoded susceptibility to IDDM.
Adolescent↗
[Analytical method of lung sounds].
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Humans↗
[A case report of Vp3 hepatocellular carcinoma responding to multidisciplinary treatment].
We report a 60-year-old man who had hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the main portal vein and left portal branch (VP3HCC). He was treated with transarterial chemo-embolization, surgical resection and intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy. He is now surviving without any sign of recurrence for 12 months after the initial therapy, even though the prognosis of VP3HCC is poor. This is a case in which the effect of multidisciplinary treatment was indicated.
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
[Analysis of pulmonary manifestations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].
We studied chest X rays of 911 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The findings showed interstitial shadow in 28 patients (3.1%), pleuritis in 13 patients (1.4%) and nodular shadow in 3 patients (0.3%). RA patients with interstitial pneumonia were commonly male and older. And they had significantly high levels of rheumatoid factor (RF), RAPA and IgG-RF in serum, but they were not associated with high score of Lansbary index. All patients with more than 1500 IU/ml in RF value had a complication of interstitial pneumonia. These results suggest the importance of chest X-ray in the management of RA patients with high titer in RF.
Aged↗
Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of a newly established cell line from ovarian adenosarcoma by transforming growth factor-beta1.
We report on 2 cell lines (designated OVAK-I and OVAK-II) established from an adenosarcoma, a rare variant of a malignant Mullerian mixed tumor, of the ovary. OVAK-I was not tumorigenic in nude mice and showed no responsiveness to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, whereas OVAK-II was tumorigenic and had various biological properties. Light- and electron-microscopic studies showed that the morphology of the cells was converted from an epithelial to a mesenchymal form by TGF-betaI. Furthermore, the protein and mRNA expressions of the epithelial marker carcinoembryonic antigen and the mesenchymal marker vimentin were down- and up-regulated, respectively, by TGF-beta1. These findings suggested that TGF-beta1 plays a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and support the single-stem-cell theory which explains the origin of malignant Mullerian mixed tumors: that the epithelial and mesenchymal components of these tumors are of common stem-cell origin.
Adenosarcoma↗
Clinical significance and time course of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in Japanese children with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
Although anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADAb) have been reported to be a useful diagnostic and predictive marker of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, type 1 DM) in Caucasians, a precise analysis of GADAb in Japanese children has not been reported. We examined the clinical significance and time course of GADAb in Japanese IDDM children, who have different genetic backgrounds from Caucasians. Twenty-three of 34 (67.6%) sera from recent-onset (< 6 months) IDDM, and 16 of 49 (32.7%) sera from long-standing (> or = 2 years) IDDM patients were positive for GADAb. This prevalence of GADAb in IDDM patients was significantly higher than in normal controls and the other groups including non-insulin-dependent DM, autoimmune thyroid disease and congenital hypothyroidism, and was also significantly higher in recent-onset than in long-standing IDDM. Time course analysis suggested that autoimmune response against GAD could follow different courses in individual cases after the initiation of insulin therapy. The incidence of GADAb was significantly higher in females than in males in the older age group (11-15 years). Other clinical features including residual pancreatic beta-cell function after diagnosis were demonstrated to be similar between GADAb-positive and -negative patients. In conclusion, this study using the newly established radioimmunoassay (RIA) for GADAb revealed a high prevalence of autoimmune reactivity to GAD in Japanese IDDM children. These results, using this RIA procedure, might assist in laying the groundwork for future trials of immunomodulation therapy for IDDM in Japan.
Adolescent↗
Parietal neurons related to memory-guided hand manipulation.
1. We recorded activity of the hand-manipulation-task-related neurons in the posterolateral bank of the anterior intraparietal sulcus (area AIP) of the monkey parietal cortex during a delayed hand manipulation task. 2. We examined mainly the object-type visual-dominant and visual-and-motor neurons that responded to the sight of objects for manipulation. The majority of these neurons (32 of 48) showed sustained activity during the delay period in the dark before manipulation of preferred objects. 3. Six visual-and-motor neurons showed set-related activity before the hand manipulation in the dark, so that their delay period activity was likely to be related to motor preparation. 4. The delay period activity of 18 visual-dominant and visual-and-motor neurons without set-related activity was likely to represent spatial features of objects, because the majority of the neurons showed the same selectivity in the shape and/or orientation during object fixation and the delay period. 5. Of these 18 neurons, 10 showed sustained activity in the dark after brief illumination of objects during a light-interrupted fixation task, suggesting that they store the short-term memory of objects without the intention to remember. 6. The results suggest that the visual memory of three-dimensional features of objects is likely to be incorporated in area AIP and to be used for the guidance of hand manipulation.
Animals↗
[Diagnostic significance of fine crackles in interstitial pulmonary disease].
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Animals↗
The prevalence of anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies in Japanese children with IDDM.
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Adolescent↗
[Preoperative management-cardiac, pulmonary, and renal dysfunction].
Surgical stress against esophageal cancer is quite heavy, because such a patient is usually old and is hyponutrionized due to inadequate peroral intake, as well as suffered from advanced stage of cancer. Thus, the patient suffering from esophageal cancer should have already various degrees of cardiac, pulmonary, or renal dysfunctions preoperatively. From this point of view, we must take care of such patients very carefully, and sometimes make a decision of the decrease of the radicality in surgery. This part describes the management of preoperative complications with cardiac, pulmonary, and renal dysfunction. Such complications must be treated before radical surgery, and be assessed by cardiologists, pulmonary physicians, and anesthesiologists.
Esophageal Neoplasms↗
Isolation and mapping of human homologues of an imprinted mouse gene U2af1-rs1.
We have isolated human homologues of the imprinted mouse gene, U2af1-rs1. Two different types of cDNAs and three distinct genomic DNAs belonging to different groups were isolated. We have identified chromosomal genes corresponding to each cDNA by restriction mapping and sequencing. Using both a panel of rodent/human somatic cell hybrids and fluorescence in situ hybridization, group 1 and group 2 genes were mapped to chromosome 5q22 and chromosome Xp22.1, respectively. We designated group 1 and group 2 genes as human U2AF1-RS1 and U2AF1-RS2, respectively, because these genes corresponded to mouse U2af1-rs1 (chromosome 11) and U2af1-rs2 (chromosome X), which we also isolated and mapped. Amino acid sequences of human U2AF1-RS1 and U2AF-RS2 showed significant homology to U2AF small subunit. The group 3 gene, designated as U2AF1-RS3, of which the cDNA has not yet been isolated, was mapped to chromosome 19p13.2.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
High-performance liquid chromatographic identification of eight constitutional disaccharides from heparan sulfate isomers digested with heparitinases.
Identification with specific heparan sulfate-lyases, heparitinase I and heparinase of the constitutional unsaturated disaccharide (delta Di-SHS) derived from heparan sulfate (HS) isomers and heparin was achieved using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. Eight delta Di-SHS products derived from HS isomers were identified. Enzymatic digestion with heparitinase I and heparinase converts heterogeneous sulfated HS isomers and heparin into different delta Di-SHS. The practical application of these enzymes was examined using specific enzymes and HPLC. In a patient with Hurler syndrome, eight individual delta i-SHS were identified in urinary HS isomers.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Concurrent chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil and cisplatin) and radiation therapy for inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus potentially followed by surgery.
Twenty-four previously untreated patients with primary inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus showing no evidence of hematogenous metastasis were treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CRT) followed by surgical resection if possible. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of 5-fluorouracil 750 mg/m2 on days 1-4 and 21-24, and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on days 1 and 21. Radiation therapy was administered over days 1-26 (200 cGy/day five times per week with an initial planned dose of 40 Gy). Five patients (8%) showed complete response (CR), 14 patients (58%) had partial response (PR), and 19 had good local control (CR 2, PR 17). Eleven cases (48%) underwent esophageal resection with no operative mortality. Curative resection was accomplished in eight cases (35%). Toxicities observed in CRT were leukopenia (grades 3 and 4) 38%, nausea and vomiting (grades 2 and 3) 67%, esophagitis 42%, and fever 42%. The median survival time (MST) for 11 neoadjuvant cases was 349 days (P < 0.05) compared to 212 days for palliative treatment (six cases) and 126 days for no treatment (six cases) after CRT. The MST of eight patients who received curative resection had not been reached after a 17-month median follow-up time. Concurrent chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin and radiation proved to be a safe regimen yielding a satisfactory response and minimal toxicity in this particular group of patients. Extensive surgery was thus determined to be feasible after CRT and to contribute to prolonging survival.
Aged↗