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Biomedical subjects

A Munoz

Publications and source records attributed to A Munoz.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Hemodynamic study of a rapid idioventricular rhythm. Apropos of a case].

The rapid idioventricular rhythm (RIVR) seen most frequently during the acute phase of myocardial infarction is considered to be a benign arrhythmia which has only a moderate haemodynamic effect on the healthy heart. In a patient with chronic bronchitis and emphysema and ischaemic heart disease, haemodynamic studies during an episode of poorly tolerated RIVR showed a 22 per cent decrease in cardiac output secondary to a decrease in stroke volume. The authors emphasise the need for the correction of factors capable of increasing myocardial oxygen debt rather than the use of anti-arrhythmic agents.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autoregressive modelling for the analysis of longitudinal data with unequally spaced examinations.

Missing and/or unequally spaced examinations are often present in longitudinal studies. An autoregressive model is presented for the analysis of such data for continuous outcome variables. The fitting of the model can be accomplished by weighted non-linear regression methods available in standard statistical packages. Some features of the model include consideration of both time-dependent and fixed covariates, assessment of the relationships between changes in outcome and exposure over short periods of time, and use of all available person-time for an individual. An illustration looking at the role of personal cigarette smoking on changes in pulmonary function in children is included.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decreasing seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in a regional blood donor population.

Blood banks have intensified their efforts to discourage donations from individuals at risk for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Since the onset of HIV-1 donor screening in April 1985, a marked reduction in seroprevalence has been seen at the authors' institutions: from 51 cases per 100,000 donors in 1985 to 13 per 100,000 in the first 6 months of 1988. Data from 3.5 years have been analyzed for temporal trends in the association of HIV-1 seroprevalence with donation site (urban vs. non-urban) and donor gender. The association of HIV-1 seropositivity with an urban donation site decreased through 1987 as the urban-to-nonurban donation odds ratio declined from 6.48 in 1985 to 2.54 in 1987. Despite this decrease, both men and women who donated in urban areas had a significantly higher seroprevalence than those in nonurban areas. Male donors had a higher overall HIV-1 seroprevalence than female donors. However, the male-to-female odds ratio declined from 2.94 in 1985 to 1.96 in 1988, and male gender was no longer significantly associated with HIV-1 seropositivity. This change in the donor profile appears to reflect declining numbers of seropositive men who acknowledge risk factors and greater numbers of women with no identified risks for HIV-1. This study documents a dramatic decrease in HIV-1-seropositive donors and suggests that the deferral of high-risk individuals has become increasingly successful.

Blood Donors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Normal vaginal microflora during use of various forms of catamenial protection.

Although the effect of vaginal tampons on microbial flora during menstruation has been studied, the effects attributable to particular tampon fibers have received inadequate attention. The purpose of this report is to review previous studies and describe the results of laboratory tests that compare the effects of use of various tampons on the normal changes that occur in vaginal microflora during menstruation. Tampon and swab samples were obtained from volunteers on days 2, 4, and 21 after the start of menses. Statistical evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative data revealed that the same numerically dominant phenotypes were present regardless of sample type, sample time, or catamenial product. In general, total bacterial counts decreased during menstruation, and the total bacterial counts from tampon samples tended to be lower than those in concomitant swab samples. Predictable changes in total numbers of the dominant species were noted when the data were evaluated by day of menstrual cycle. Results indicate that the tampon type had little effect on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the vaginal microflora during the menstrual cycle.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of rheumatoid spondylarthritis with salazosulfapyridine].

Salazosulfapyridine (salazopyrin) (SASP) is effective basic treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after failure or intolerance of antimalarials or gold salts. Sulfapyridine is the active part of the molecule. Its mechanism of action probably involves anti-inflammatory activity as well as effects on cells participating in immune reactions. Adverse reactions occur in approximately one third of cases, in the majority of instances during the first three months of treatments. Simple digestive upsets are the commonest, but SASP may be responsible for sometimes severe cutaneous, hematological and hepatic reactions. The sometimes delayed onset of intolerance reactions justifies continuous monitoring of laboratory parameters. Results obtained with SASP are sometimes prolonged and therapeutic maintenance rates are similar to those seen with other basic treatment for RA. The use of SASP in RA should be tried before methotrexate in relatively early forms of the disease.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗