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Biomedical subjects

A Muittari

Publications and source records attributed to A Muittari.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Trapped air in extrinsic allergic alveolitis.

Non-ventilated lung volume (trapped air) during tidal breathing and several other lung function parameters were determined in 19 patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis, most of them with farmer's lung, and in 28 non-smoking healthy subjects. The trapped air was significantly larger (p < 0.01) in the patients (mean 0.73 litres) than in normal subjects (mean 0.32 litres); in 7 patients (37%) it was definitely enlarged. The results suggest that the frequent increase of trapped air may be caused by patchy small airways occlusion due to bronchiolitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Determination of functional residual capacity with 133-xenon radiospirometry. Comparison with body plethysmography and helium spirometry. Effect of body position.

This study was undertaken to estimate the accuracy of 133-xenon radiospirometry for determination of FRC in healthy subjects. Forty healthy volunteers, both smokers and non-smokers, were examined. The FRC of each subject was concurrently determined with radiospirometric, He-dilution in closed circuit, and body plethysmographic methods. The radiospirometric and He-dilution measurements were done in supine and in sitting positions, the body plethysmography on sitting subjects, only. The mean FRC measured by radiospirometry (FRCRS) was 0.72 1 larger than that measured by helium spirometry (FRCHe) in sitting position (P < 0.01). In supine position the FRCRS was 0.65 1 larger than the FRCHe (P < 0.01). The body plethysmography gave FRC (TGV) 0.35 1 larger than the FRCHe sitting (P < 0.01). The FRCHe and the FRCRS in the sitting position were 0.48 and 0.55 1 larger than in the supine position (P < 0.01), respectively. Trapped air correlated significantly (P < 0.01) with the difference FRCRS-FRCHe, when sitting. The results indicate that the FRC determined radiospirometrically is significantly larger than the FRC determined with He-spirometry. The difference is systematic, suggesting that it is caused by 133-xenon dissolved in blood and accumulated in tissues of the thoracic cage and by dissimilar representation of trapped air in FRCRS and FRCHe. With eventual correction of the systematic error, the FRC obtained as a by-product of radiospirometry may be used, e.g. for clinical purposes.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Objective and subjective assessment of ephedrine combinations in asthmatic outpatients.

11 asthmatic outpatients were treated with placebo, ephedrine + theophylline + hydroxyzine, ephedrine + theophylline, and ephedrine + hydroxyzine, orally t.i.d. for 4 days each in random order. Both objective (PEF rates) and subjective (ranking list) assessments demonstrated the efficacy of the triple combination over placebo. The combination of two drugs proved objectively or subjectively somewhat less acceptable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effect of ICI 74,917 on asthma and bronchial provocation tests.

A study was made of the protective action of the anti-allergic drug ICI 74,917, a phenanthroline derivative, in specific allergen provocation tests and in combating clinical symptoms in thirteen asthmatic out-patients. It was found that ICI 74,917 was able to diminish allergen-induced bronchoconstriction significantly (P less than 0.01) during both the placebo period and during chronic treatment with ICI 74,917 for 4 weeks. The results obtained during these two periods did not differ significantly. There was not, however, any statistically significant difference in the symptom scores or PEF rates during the treatment with ICI 74,917 or placebo for 1 month. This may indicate that although ICI 74,197 is able to prevent bronchoconstriction in an allergen provocation test, it failed to improve asthma clinically. No signs of the phenomenon of tachyphylaxis were observed in the present study. The Student's t-test was used in the statistical analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A comparison of rimiterol and salbutamol by inhalation at high and low dose in asthmatic patients.

Rimiterol hydrobromide (Pulmadil) has been shown to have a dose-related bronchodilator effect; the optimum dose by inhalation appears to lie between 200 and 1,000 microgram. When given to a group of asthmatic patients at 'recommended' and 5--10 times 'recommended' dose by aerosol, cardiovascular effects were minimal and of a magnitude similar to that of salbutamol given in the same dosages to the same patients. The very rapid bronchodilator effect of rimiterol would appear to make the drug particularly suitable for the treatment of patients with intermittent asthmatic attacks, before exercise in patients with exercise-induced asthma and for bronchodilatation before using inhaled sodium cromoglycate or corticosteroid aerosols.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1978

A brief review of sympathomimetic bronchodilators and a description of a new selective agent, rimiterol hydrobromide.

The development of beta2-specific sympathomimetic bronchodilators (rimiterol, salbutamol, terbutaline) has made the basic treatment of asthmatic patients more safe and effective. Despite that, the asthmatics should be under careful control and all patients should be taught the correct way to use their bronchodilator aerosols. If a sympathomimetic drug has lost its effectiveness, the patient should be able to have easy contact to the treating physician or outpatient department.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1978

Correlation of RAST and provocation tests for diagnosing allergic asthma and rhinitis.

252 bronchial (BPT) and 346 nasal (NPT) provocation tests were done. A positive RAST coincided with a positive BPT in 81% and a positive NPT in 82% of the cases. When RAST was negative the BPT's were positive in 33% and NPT's in 54% of trials. Contrary to the NPT's the RAST and the BPT's agreed well in different allergen groups, excepting mold provocation.

Allergens↗
PubMed1978

Natural and synthetic fibers as causes of asthma and rhinitis.

One hundred and thirty-six textile workers were tested with natural fibers; 97 were tested with synthetic fibers. By inhalation testing 20% were positive to both types of fibers; by nasal provocative testing 30% were positive. There was a close correlation between the size of the wheals in the prick tests and the percentage of fiber challenge tests. Fiber provocation tests and metacholine tests did not display any conformity with each other. The authors feel that synthetic fibers may act as haptens and cause Type I or IgE-mediated allergy and both natural and synthetic fibers should be considered important causes of occupational asthma among textile workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Effect of salbutamol inhalations of plasma and urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in asthmatics and non-atopic controls.

Twenty asthmatics and 14 non-atopic controls were given long-acting theophylline tablets, 400 mg twice daily, and were then challenged, after a control period, with 0.5 mg salbutamol as an inhalant, divided in two doses. Urinary and plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were determined at the beginning of the study, during theophylline treatment and after the challenge with salbutamol inhalation. In neither the asthmatics nor the controls did theophylline alone raise the concentration of cAMP in plasma or its excretion in urine. Inhalation of salbutamol caused a significant rise in plasma cAMP levels in the controls but not in asthmatics. The inhaled sympathomimetic aerosol caused a slight simultaneous rise in urinary cAMP excretion in non-atopic controls, but in the asthmatics. Our results show that sympathomimetics administered directly to the bronchial mucosa do not elicit the same metabolic cAMP response in asthmatics as in controls.

Administration, Oral↗