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Biomedical subjects

A Morris

Publications and source records attributed to A Morris.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Analysis of Scottish Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy families with dystrophin cDNA probes.

One hundred and thirty-two Scottish families, representing the majority of currently known cases in this country with at least one living subject affected by DMD (110) or BMD (22), were studied with a series of cDNA probes excluding the 3' region of the gene (probes 10-14). Using mainly HindIII digested DNA from affected males, 89 patients showed deletions which ranged from 1 to 32 HindIII fragments in size. Two patients were also detected with exon duplications. Abnormalities were found to be particularly concentrated in the area of probe cDNA 8, with 56 patients being deleted for at least one of the fragments detected by this probe. A second smaller concentration of deletions was found with probe 1-2a which showed 16 deletions and two duplications. The endpoints of cDNA deletions or duplications were determined with a maximum variability of one HindIII fragment in 83 patients, while the remaining eight patients had a single deletion endpoint defined. The deletions found in two of our patients appear to conflict with the previously stated exon order at the 5' end of the gene. Although no specific deletion patterns were apparent for DMD, the deletions found in 13 of the BMD patients all included the most proximal (10 kb) fragment detected by probe 8.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Spine kinematics: a digital videofluoroscopic technique.

It is notoriously difficult to quantify the kinematic behaviour of vertebral segments in the assessment and localization of mechanical disorders of the spine. This paper describes the use of an image processor and an X-ray machine with image intensifier for the measurement of lumbar spine angular rotation and instantaneous centres of rotation in the coronal plane. The system was calibrated against a model under realistic conditions employing multiplanar motion and X-ray scatter.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Specific high frequency rearrangements induced by MNNG in SV40-infected human keratinocytes.

In order to study carcinogen-induced changes in integrated viral sequences clonal sublines of SV40-transformed human keratinocytes were exposed to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) at sublethal concentrations ranging up to 10 micrograms/ml for a period of 15 min and then examined by Southern blot hybridization using full-length SV40 DNA as a probe. Of the clonal sublines tested, one (AG34) was found to exhibit certain consistent, dose-dependent changes at 4 days post-treatment: (i) loss of at least two EcoRI fragments of approximately 4.4 and 3 kb, with the concomitant appearance of two bands migrating between 1.8 and 2.3 kb; and (ii) loss of a 1.5-kb fragment and the appearance of 2, 3.8 and 5 kb fragments in KpnI digests. Minor variable changes in restriction patterns were seen at 24 h post-treatment but consistent and pronounced effects were observed only at 4 days post-treatment. The altered restriction fragment patterns indicate that MNNG caused highly specific rearrangements in some subset of the DNA sequences associated with the integrated SV40 sequences in human epithelial cells. This differs from what has been found for SV40 sequences in other cell lines where amplification has been reported. These results suggest that (i) the site of SV40 integration may determine the response of integrated SV40 segments after carcinogen treatment, and (ii) carcinogen treatment can result in the induction of a common genetic event throughout the entire population of exposed cells. Genomic libraries created in a lambda phage vector have been used to isolate BamHI fragments containing SV40 sequences. Isolates have been found which exhibit EcoRI and KpnI restriction patterns consistent with the polymorphisms displayed in Southern blots.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1989

Speed of accommodation and age.

The time needed to change accommodation from a near to a far target or from a far to a near target (0.457 and 5.486 m) was measured with a psychophysical threshold procedure in 65 U.S. Navy fighter pilots. The age of the pilots ranged from 24 to 44 years. The speed of accommodative change, far-to-near (FN), slowed with age in a statistically significant fashion; however, near-to-far (NF) did not appreciably slow with age. The intrasubject variability was greater FN than NF but there was not a statistically significant dependence of variability upon age.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1989

Campylobacter pylori infection in Meckel's diverticula containing gastric mucosa.

A retrospective survey was undertaken of 228 resected Meckel's diverticula to determine if there was any evidence of Campylobacter pylori infection in diverticula containing gastric mucosa. Among the 65 diverticula with gastric mucosa one was heavily infected with organisms having the morphological appearances of C pylori. The specimen had been removed from a six year old Samoan boy who had been admitted with small bowel obstruction. Infection and associated mucosal inflammatory infiltrate were limited to areas of gastric mucosa only. The detection of the organism at this site remote from the gastroduodenal environment suggests the organism may be transmitted by the orofaecal route.

Campylobacter↗
PubMed1989

Campylobacter pylori infection in biopsy specimens of gastric antrum: laboratory diagnosis and estimation of sampling error.

Campylobacter pylori infection was sought in 382 consecutive patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Five antral biopsy specimens were taken from each patient: one was inserted into a CLO-test to detect the urease activity of C pylori, two were sent for histological analysis where multiple sections were stained by the Warthin-Starry silver method, and two were sent for microbiological evaluation by Gram stain and culture. A patient was deemed to be infected when C pylori was cultured or seen in either the histological sections or the Gram stain of the biopsy smear. One hundred and seventy four (46%) patients were infected. Culture, Gram stain, histological examination and the CLO-test showed sensitivities of 92%, 87%, 93% and 90%, respectively. In 27 (15%) infected patients an uneven distribution of C pylori was seen between samples in the biopsy pair sent for histology. Examination of multiple sections stained with Warthin-Starry silver was more sensitive at detecting infection (93%) than examination of multiple sections from only one biopsy specimen (84%). Fifty seven of 80 patients, biopsied a median seven days (range 5 to 55) after completing colloidal bismuth subcitrate treatment, were still infected with C pylori. There was no decrease in the sensitivities of the above tests to detect infection after treatment. It is concluded that at least two antral biopsy specimens should be examined when attempting to diagnose C pylori infection by histological methods.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Na+/H+ ion-exchange property of postmortem human gastric mucus. The effects of Campylobacter pylori infection and sucralfate.

The effect of Campylobacter pylori infection and sucralfate treatment on the ion-exchange property of human gastric mucus from 17 human postmortem stomachs was investigated in an in vitro chamber. Of the 10 stomachs not infected with C. pylori mucus from 4 stomachs had a 'normal' Na+/H+ exchange capacity, whereas 6 were without a Na+/H+ exchange capacity. The Na+/H+ exchange capacity of the seven stomachs infected with C. pylori was half that of the four 'normal' uninfected stomachs. Sucralfate significantly improved the Na+/H+ exchange capacity of mucus from C. pylori-infected stomachs and from the uninfected stomachs without Na+/H+ exchange. This study shows that impairment of the Na+/H+ exchange capacity of gastric mucus is associated with C. pylori infection and that sucralfate improves the Na+/H+ exchange capacity of gastric mucus.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Ammonia produced by Campylobacter pylori neutralizes H+ moving through gastric mucus.

We aimed to show that Campylobacter pylori infection increases the concentration of ammonia in the gastric mucus and alters the movement of H+ through the mucus. Mucus from uninfected and C. pylori-infected stomachs was collected at postmortem. Ammonia was measured enzymatically. The ammonia concentration in C. pylori-infected mucus was fourfold greater than in uninfected mucus. H+ movement experiments were carried out using an in vitro chamber, in which a layer of mucus separated a 0.1 M HCl solution from distilled H2O. The change in pH of the distilled H2O was measured over 30 min. A drop in pH was measured for uninfected mucus. A slight rise in pH was measured for C. pylori-infected mucus. We conclude that C. pylori infection is associated with reduced H+ movement through mucus and that this may be due to increased ammonia concentration within mucus.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1989

Adverse effects of antibiotics.

Adverse reactions to antibiotics comprise a number of classes of reactions, including toxicity, side effects, and allergy. Each one of these differs in its implication for treatment of the patient. The authors discuss some of the more common and unusual reactions to antibiotics frequently used in the practice of podiatric medicine.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Stability of floxuridine and leucovorin calcium admixtures for intraperitoneal administration.

The stability of floxuridine and leucovorin calcium in admixtures of 0.9% sodium chloride injection at various concentrations, temperature conditions, and time points was determined. Admixtures of floxuridine and leucovorin calcium were prepared in 1-L plastic bags containing 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Admixtures containing the following three concentrations were prepared: floxuridine 1 g and leucovorin calcium 30 mg, floxuridine 2 g and leucovorin calcium 240 mg, and floxuridine 4 g and leucovorin calcium 960 mg. The admixtures were stored at refrigerated temperature (4-8 degrees C), ambient room temperature (20 degrees C), and near-physiologic body temperature (40 degrees C). Drug concentrations were measured with a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method at 0, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours (4-8 degrees C) and at 0, 1, 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours (20 degrees C and 40 degrees C). A second set of samples at the same concentrations was prepared and sequentially stored at refrigerated, room, and near-physiologic temperatures to simulate actual-use conditions; these samples were assayed by HPLC at 0, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours (4-8 degrees C); 49, 51, 54, and 60 hours (20 degrees C); and 61, 63, 66, and 72 hours (40 degrees C). All solutions were protected from light. Floxuridine and leucovorin calcium were stable at each concentration and temperature condition tested for a minimum of 48 hours. However, leucovorin calcium was more subject to decomposition at near-physiologic temperature than at other temperatures, with the most degradation at the lowest concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1989

The time required for U.S. Navy fighter pilots to shift gaze and identify near and far targets.

The speed with which 163 U.S. Navy fighter pilots can shift their line of sight and discriminate high contrast acuity targets was measured. The targets were simultaneously projected onto two screen; one at 18 ft and one at 18 inches in front of the subject's eyes. Subjects were required to fixate first one screen and then as rapidly as possible, shift gaze to the other screen. The minimum exposure duration required to correctly resolve both targets was measured. For 65 subjects, the test target was 1.0 min of visual angle (mva); for 98 subjects the target was 2.0 mva. The major findings are: 1) both Far-to-Near and Near-to-Far mean times significantly slowed with age; 2) there was no significant difference between the Far-to-Near and the Near-to-Far mean times with the oldest subject (44 years of age) excluded; 3) the within-subject standard deviation Far-to-Near increased with age and was significantly greater than the Near-to-Far standard deviation, which did not increase with age; 4) there was a significant correlation between the mean Near-to-Far speeds and the night carrier landing performance of the aviators.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1988

Clinically significant Streptococcus anginosus (Streptococcus milleri) infections: a review of 186 cases.

We describe clinically significant infections due to Streptococcus anginosus in 186 patients; 114 (61.3%) males and 72 (38.7%) females, median age 42 years, range 9 months to 93 years. In 101 (54.3%) cases S anginosus alone caused infection and in 85 (45.7%) cases it was associated with other microorganisms. Abscesses accounted for 110 (59.1%) infections. Sites of infection were: miscellaneous skin and soft tissue, 64 (34.4%), intraabdominal 41 (22%), head and neck 34 (18.3%), pleuropulmonary 22 (11.8%), genitourinary 9 (4.8%), musculoskeletal 6 (3.2%), endocarditis 5 (2.7%) and primary bacteraemia 5 (2.7%). Treatment consisted of antibiotic therapy which was often prolonged, median 30 days, range 2-90 days, and surgery in 159 (85.5%). S anginosus infection was a contributory factor in two of the three deaths which occurred.

Abscess↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of Campylobacter pylori gastritis: a pilot study using pirenzepine dihydrochloride (Gastrozepin) and three formulations of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (De-Nol).

Antral biopsies were obtained to detect Campylobacter pylori infection in 382 patients referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four patients (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological gastritis (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral gastritis and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal ulcer following colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) is due to suppression of C pylori we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing C pylori. Seventy four infected patients were prospectively assigned to therapy with pirenzepine (11 patients) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 patients); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 patients); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 patients); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 patients). All patients treated with pirenzepine and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 patients taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) patients taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological gastritis was observed only in those patients apparently cleared of C pylori (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine patients apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of C pylori may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Campylobacter pylori infection in patients undergoing endoscopy in Fiji.

Forty two patients (20 Fijian and 22 Indian) presenting for endoscopy at the Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva, Fiji, were biopsied to detect Campylobacter pylori infection. Detection of the organism's urease activity in biopsy material or seeing the organism in Warthin-Starry silver stained histology sections were used to diagnose infection. Thirty-nine patients (93%) were infected; 19 of 20 Fijians (95%) and 20 of 22 Indians (91%). Of the 39 infected patients, 37 (95%) had chronic active gastritis and 24 (62%) had active peptic ulcer disease. The implications of these findings in relation to the management of endoscopy patients in Fiji are discussed.

Adult↗