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Biomedical subjects

A Morishima

Publications and source records attributed to A Morishima.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

XO/XY mosaicism in delayed puberty.

Two adolescent boys with 45,X/46,XY (XO/XY mosaicism), presented in adolescence with pubertal delay and short stature. Both patients had a history of hypospadias repair, but otherwise normal male genitalia. Scrotal testes were present bilaterally, and no Müllerian structures were identified by pelvic ultrasound. The XO/XY mosaicism suggests that this chromosomal abnormality might be more common in phenotypic males than previously recognized. Because of the increased incidence of testicular neoplasia in patients with XO/XY mosaicism, it is important to document this chromosomal abnormality. We recommend cytogenetic analyses for boys with pubertal delay and hypospadias. If XO/XY mosaicism is documented, the patient must be closely followed for possible development of testicular failure and/or gonadoblastoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Syndrome of septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia: the clinical spectrum.

Septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia is a syndrome characterized by abnormalities of midline brain structures, optic nerve hypoplasia, and congenital hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency. Four infants, diagnosed as having clinical variations of this disorder, are described. The first had agenesis of the septum pellucidum and corpus callosum, partial hypothalamic insufficiency, and normal optic nerves. The second had a structurally normal brain, bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia, and panhypopituitarism. The third had bilateral agenesis of the cerebral cortex, bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia and partial hypothalamic insufficiency. The fourth had a structurally normal brain, unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia and panhypopituitarism. A review of the recent literature revealed 191 patients with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia who were examined for possible existence of this syndrome. Of the 178 patients who had radiographic imaging of the brain, 60% were found to have structural abnormalities. Of the 145 patients evaluated for pituitary function, 62% had evidence of insufficiency. Approximately 30% of fully evaluated patients had evidence of all three components of the syndrome. Because of high incidence of structural abnormalities of the brain and congenital hypopituitarism in patients with optic nerve hypoplasia, we conclude that full evaluation is indicated in patients with any of the three components of the syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Effects of chronic administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on early embryogenesis of the mouse.

The effects of chronic administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive component of marihuana, on embryogenesis were investigated in the mouse treated with THC prior to sexual maturation. The study was designed to imitate the prolonged abuse of marihuana by sexually immature and adolescent girls. Female Swiss-Webster mice were injected, intraperitoneally, with THC 5 mg/kg per day or with the vehicle for 21 consecutive days, starting on the 30th day of life, which is prior to their sexual maturation. The dose of THC was approximately equivalent to that absorbed by a man smoking 1 to 2 marihuana cigarettes per day. Superovulation was then induced, and the mice were mated with untreated males. Ova were recovered from the oviducts just prior to the first cleavage division, and at about the time of the second cleavage division. The incidence of degenerative ova increased from 13.6% in the controls to 19.1% in the THC-treated group (P less than 0.001) at the time of the second cleavage division, but there was no difference in the incidence of morphologically abnormal ova between the two groups just prior to the first cleavage division. The rate of successful completion of the first cleavage division, but not the second cleavage division, was adversely affected by THC, resulting in accumulation of morphologically abnormal ova at the later stage. In view of the known disruptive effect of THC on the process of cell division, it was postulated that THC might have adversely affected meiosis, leading to the inability of the ova to undergo the first cleavage division.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

In vitro induction of segregational errors of chromosomes by natural cannabinoids in normal human lymphocytes.

It has been shown that segregational errors (SE) of chromosomes can be induced by olivetol and several halogenated inhalation anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of natural cannabinoids - including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabidiol (CBD) - on chromosome segregation. Lymphocytes obtained from healthy adult males were incubated with various concentrations of natural cannabinoids for 72 hours. Anaphase preparations were made from these cultures. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of SE of chromosomes was observed in the lymphocytes exposed to THC at a concentration of 3.2 x 10(-6) M, but not to CBN or CBD. A greater incidence of bridge formations, anaphase lags, micronuclei, and unequal segregations in bipolar divisions and multipolar divisions were observed in THC-treated lymphocytes, compared with the controls. However, only anaphase lags and unequal segregations in bipolar divisions reached statistically significant levels. It appears that THC affects the formation of microtubules and spindles and may be considered as a mitotic poison. The value of examining SE as a part of cytogenetic studies on chemical mutagens is emphasized. A description of a classification system of SE developed in our laboratory is also presented. This system can be applied to studies using both normal human lymphocyte cultures and lymphoid cell lines.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Some observations on serum concentrations of digitoxin and digoxin.

Serum concentrations of digitoxin and digoxin were measured in 145 cases with various heart diseases receiving maintenance doses of digitalis. Digitalis toxicity was seen in only 2 cases (1.4%). Day-to-day variation of serum concentration while taking the same daily dose was small in digitoxin therapy (13.8%), but a considerable variation was seen in digoxin therapy (24.4%). Serum concentrations of both digitoxin and digoxin were measured in the patients receiving digitoxin, and there was a positive correlation between the two (r = 0.66, p less than 0.001). This fact suggested that the effect of digitoxin was the sum of the effects of digitoxin and its metabolite, digoxin. In the patients taking digoxin, digitoxin was not detected in the serum. Serum digitoxin level had a significantly positive correlation to serum albumin level, presumably because digitoxin was retained in serum in the bound form to albumin. Minimal effective level, 10 ng/ml, was however obtained with higher daily dose of digitoxin in patients with lower serum albumin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Congenital heart disease in high school and college students.

The prevalence and relative frequency of congenital heart disease in high school and college students were investigated during the period April 1970-March 1976. Forty congenital lesions were found among 13,127 subjects which shows a rate of 3 per thousand. The ratio of congenital lesion to rheumatic heart disease was 4/1. Ventricular septal defect was the most common defect, found in 30% of all lesions followed by atrial septal defect (20%) and patent ductus arteriosus (17.5%). The prevalence and relative frequency in those investigated differed only slightly from the results obtained among children. The possibility of spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect during adulthood strongly suggested itself when compared with our previous data on post middle age subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effects of cannabinoids on macromolecular synthesis and replication of cultured lymphocytes.

The lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) as measured by [13H]thymidine incorporation is equally inhibited by 10(-5) to 10(-4) M concentrations of delta8, and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), their 11-hydroxymetabolites, cannabidiol, cannabinol, cannabichromene, cannabicyclol. A similar inhibiting effect is produced by olivetol, which has the structure of the C ring common to all of these cannabinoids and their metabolites that accumulate in tissues. THC inhibits intracellular and intramolecular incorporation of thymidine, uridine, and leucine. This inhibition can be observed within 15 min after addition of THC to the culture medium. The cytotoxicity of THC is a function of the concentration of serum in the culture medium. The higher the concentration of serum, the more the cells are protected against the toxicity of THC. The cytotoxicity of THC is reversible by washing, after the cells have been incubated for 24 hr with the drug. Lymphocytes incubated with THC or olivetol present a significantly larger number of hypodiploid cells and a significant increase in segregational errors of chromosomes. The inhibitory effect of THC on macromolecular synthesis might be mediated by an alteration of the plasma membrane by the drug.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1976

Long-term assessment of genital reconstruction in female pseudohermaphrodites.

The cases involving 32 women who had undergone early revision of ambiguous genitalia were reviewed 5 to 22 years postoperatively. Seven clitoridectomies, 25 clitoral recessions, 17 Y-V introitoplasties and 10 midline episiotomies were performed. There were 16 patients available for followup. The results of clitoral recessions were cosmetically and functionally satisfactory. Introital revisions done before puberty all required further revision and suggested that vaginoplasty should be deferred until after puberty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The position of the external ear in Turner's syndrome.

The cephalometric roentgenograms of persons with the syndrome of XO gonadal dysgenesis and its variants, and of those with Noonan's syndrome, were compared with a control sample of unaffected females matched for age. Posterior craniofacial relationships differ between XO and normal individuals, particularly in the region of the external auditory meatus, which is located relatively more inferiorly and anteriorly in XO gonadal dysgenesis subjects than in chromosomally normal persons. Individuals who are mosaics, and those with Noonan's syndrome, do not differ from the unaffected population to the same extent. Although the position of the auricle often changes appreciably with growth when judged by clinical criteria alone, cephalometric analysis of relative ear position may still support the diagnosis of "low-set" ears.

Adolescent↗