Increased adhesion molecule expression during graft-versus-host disease.
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Acute Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
A Mori
Publications and source records attributed to A Mori.
Detection and a possible mechanism of magnetic field effect on the crystal growth of sedimentary calcium carbonate.
Sedimentary calcium carbonate was grown at a physiological pH6.8 from a mixture of equivolume of 70 mM Ca(NO(3))(2) and 70 mM NaHCO(3) aqueous solution. The kinetics of the crystal growth was monitored by means of turbidity measurement. The apparent absorption is gradually increased with the elapsed time after the mixing and reaches its maximum at t(max). The average t(max) is significantly decreased from =467 s (for n=13 runs) to 408 s (n=13) by application of the static magnetic field (SMF) of H=400 mT to the precipitating solution. The application of SMF at 120 s later the mixing shows the same =396 s (n=9) as that of 408 s. It has been thus detected that the application of SMF is ineffective in the stage of the nucleation or the earlier stage of the crystal growth but effective in the Ostwald ripening stage of the growth nucleus or the later stage of the crystal growth where large numbers of the growing crystalline particles seem greater than a few hundred nanometers. A possible mechanism for the SMF effect is as follows. An ion escaping from the growing crystal surface with a certain 'migration velocity' due to a random walk process has significant probability to drift onto the identical surface or at least the identical crystal by means of Lorentz force, because the translational displacement of the crystal during a cycle of the cyclotron motion of the ion is smaller than the size of the growing crystal. This type of drift results in the suppression of re-dissolution of the ions on the growing surface and in the acceleration of the growth in the later stage of the crystal growth. The undetected SMF effect in the earlier stage of the crystal growth can be partly attributed to the re-dissolution due to the thermodynamic instability of the small nuclei which predominates over the presumable SMF effect. This can be partly ascribed to the large translational displacement of the small particle. The application of this mechanism to an oscillating magnetic field will predict the presence of a window for the frequency of the oscillating magnetic field.
Journal Article↗
An idea for a relation between the frequency and intensity of the optimal oscillating magnetic field for the magnetic effects.
An idea for a relation between the frequency and intensity of the optimal oscillating magnetic field for the magnetic effects has been presented. An estimated optimal frequency is about 150 Hz for a system containing ions of effective molecular weight of M approximately 100 under a square pulsing magnetic field of intensity H=1 mT.
Journal Article↗
The magnetic field effect affecting on the metallic chemical components of egg shell as demonstrated for breeding chicken.
The chickens were raised under fixation of the permanent magnet (80 mT) and the effect of extra magnetic field, which affects on the content of the several inorganic chemical elements of egg shell, was investigated by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. From 3 days after fixing the magnet, the relative concentration of Ca begun to increase. After 10 days, the relative contents of Ca were decreased, while conversely the contents of K were increased. Though there was a linear relationship between Ca content and P content in inner layer of chicken egg shell, the relationship was greatly hindered by applying the static magnetic field. The experimental result suggests that both Ca and K ion transport can be perturbed by addition of extra magnetic field in the incubation processes of chicken egg, and that Ca, P and K ions play the important role in egg shell formation.
Journal Article↗
Effects of an in vivo 60 Hz magnetic field on monoamine levels in mouse brain.
We studied the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on mouse brain monoamine levels in models of (1) chronic exposure (7 days) of EMF (60 Hz, 10 Gauss) to mice in a vertical orientation, (2) prolonged chronic exposure (84 days) of EMF (60 Hz, 10 Gauss) to mice in a horizontal mode, (3) acute exposure (6 h) of EMF (60 Hz, 10 Gauss) to senescence accelerated mice (SAM-P8) at ages 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months in the horizontal mode, and (4) acute exposure (1 h) of EMF (60 Hz, 1, 3.3 and 10 Gauss) to restrained mice in the horizontal mode. No model except the restrained one changed their monoamine or metabolite levels by exposure to EMF. In the restrained group, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was significantly increased in the hippocampus (HP) and hypothalamus (HY), homovanillic acid (HVA) was significantly increased in HY, and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) was significantly increased in HP and thalamus-midbrain (TM). None of these monoamine metabolite levels were changed when the mouse was restrained without EMF exposure. These results suggest that monoamine metabolism is influenced by EMF only when the exposure is in the same direction as the mouse position. Another possibility is that EMF enhances the restraint stress since stress is known to increase monoamine metabolism.
Journal Article↗
Alternate magnetic fields potentiate monoamine oxidase activity in the brain.
Catecholamines and serotonin, which act as neurotransmitters and regulate blood circulation, are degraded by monoamine oxidase (MAO) [EC 1.4.3.4.] which exists two iso-enzymes named MAO-A and MAO-B. In this study, the effects of magnetic fields on MAO activity in the rat brain were examined. MAO-A activity was not changed in static magnetic fields (0.1-340 mT) or in 10-500 mT/s of alternate isosceles triangular magnetic fields (AITMF) (50 Hz). MAO-B activity was not changed in static magnetic fields (0.1-340 mT) and in 10, 34, 340, 95, 105, 110, and 340 mT/s of AITMF. However, it was increased to 114% in the 100 mT/s of AITMF. In 100 mT/s, Michaelis constant (K(m)) significantly decreased to 72%, suggesting that the affinity of the substrate to the enzyme also increased. These results indicate that only MAO-B was influenced by AITMF with 'active window' phenomenon, and suggest that AITMF might affect neural activity and hemodynamics by altering MAO-B.
Journal Article↗
Pulsed magnetic fields enhance nitric oxide synthase activity in rat cerebellum.
The effect of pulsed magnetic fields on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in the rat brain was investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 200-250 g body weight) brain were dissected regionally, and the crude enzyme solutions were treated with pulsed DC, AC or static DC magnetic fields at 0 degrees C for 1 h. After exposure, NOS activity was measured as nitrite and nitrate levels generated from incubation with arginine, CaCl(2) and beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Under these experimental conditions, neither AC nor static DC field treatment showed any significant change in NOS activity. A significant increase in NOS activity was observed in the cerebellum (111.2+/-2.0%, P<0.05, five separate experiments) for a 1 Gauss (0.1 mT) pulsed DC field. Under the same experimental condition, only a slight change or no effect was observed in the hippocampus, cortex, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, striatum and midbrain. These studies suggest that pulsed magnetic fields result in a different effect on NOS activity in the cerebellum of the rats.
Journal Article↗
Magnetic fields and lipoic acid influence the respiratory burst in activated rat peritoneal neutrophils.
When rat (Sprague-Dawley, male) peritoneal neutrophils are exposed to 60 Hz, 1 Gauss, magnetic fields and activated by phorbor 12-myristate 13-acetate they undergo an enhanced respiratory burst (S. Roy, Y. Noda, V. Eckert, M.G. Traber, A. Mori, R.P. Liburdy, L. Packer, The phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced oxidative burst in rat peritoneal neutrophils is increased by a 0. 1 mT (60 Hz) magnetic field, FEBS Lett. 376 (1996) 164-6). In the present study, the reproducibility of these previous findings was confirmed using a new dual-monochrometer exposure system; a 1 Gauss, 60 Hz magnetic field enhanced the production of fluorescence during the respiratory burst. Dose-response studies employed static DC magnetic fields of up to 20 Gauss. Both static DC fields (2.5 and 20 Gauss) showed enhancement of fluorescence production during the respiratory burst. Pre-treatment of neutrophil cells for 10 min at 37 degrees C with an antioxidant, lipoic acid (1-100 µM), significantly elevates fluorescence production in a dose-response manner. The combination of lipoic acid pre-treatment and DC field (2.5 Gauss) exposure further enhanced fluorescence.
Journal Article↗
Alterations in binding activity of T cell transcription factor CD28 responsive element binding complex (CD28RC) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
The CD28 responsive element binding complex (CD28RC) has an important role in transducing CD28/B7 costimulatory signals. Using electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA), we have analyzed the binding activity of CD28RC in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from the patients before and after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). The binding activity of CD28RC was low in MLCs using PBMC from patients without acute GVHD and it was also low in MLCs using PBMC from patients without chronic GVHD (cGVHD). In contrast, this activity in patients with cGVHD was estimated to be high. The relative values of CD28RC in comparison with third party MLCs were significantly higher in MLCs using PBMC from patients with cGVHD than those in MLCs using PBMC from patients without GVHD (0.55+/-0.31 versus 0.23+/-0.12, respectively, n = 10, p = 0.05). IL-2 concentrations in the MLC medium from patients without GVHD were undetectable; however, a detectable level of IL-2 was present in MLC medium from a patient with extensive cGVHD. These data were interpreted to suggest that the CD28 costimulatory pathway was specifically activated against recipient antigen in allo-BMT patients with GVHD. In other words, it was suggested that the CD28 costimulatory pathway was specifically suppressed in allo-BMT patients without GVHD, and this suppression might contribute immunological tolerance after allo-BMT.
Adult↗
Does prey matter? Geographic variation in antipredator responses of hatchlings of a Japanese natricine snake (Rhabdophis tigrinus).
Rhabdophis tigrinus, which typically forages on toads, has unusual nuchal glands on its dorsal neck region containing secretions chemically comparable to cardiac steroids found in toads. R. tigrinus also has several peculiar antipredator displays involving the neck region. If the nuchal gland secretions of R. tigrinus are derived from toads obtained as prey, populations of R. tigrinus that have not eaten toads over an evolutionary time scale would be expected to lose antipredator displays related to the nuchal glands. We found that laboratory-hatched R. tigrinus from a small toad-free island exhibited displays related to nuchal glands less frequently and flight responses more frequently than hatchling snakes from areas sympatric with toads. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of the dietary origin of the nuchal gland secretions and also support the genetic origin of the behavioral differences between the populations.
Animals↗
Evaluation of CMV/human herpes virus-6 positivity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids as early detection of acute GVHD following BMT: evidence of a significant relationship.
We evaluated the relationship between CMV and human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) reactivation and the incidence of grades 2 to 4 acute GVHD post BMT. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples extracted from 54 BMT recipients on post-BMT day 35 were analyzed by PCR for detection of CMV DNA, HHV-6 DNA and CMV plus HHV-6 DNA. CMV DNA was detected in 26 patients and 13 (50%) developed grades 2 to 4 acute GVHD. Of the 28 who were CMV negative, only six (21.4%) developed grades 2 to 4 acute GVHD. HHV-6 was detected in 18 patients, and 11 (61.1%) developed grades 2 to 4 acute GVHD. Of the 36 who were HHV-6 negative, only eight (22.2%) developed grades 2 to 4 acute GVHD. CMV and HHV-6 were detected in 13 patients, and eight (61.5%) developed grades 2 to 4 acute GVHD. Of the 23 who were negative for both CMV and HHV-6, only three (13%) developed grades 2 to 4 acute GVHD. In all experiments, the difference between the groups was significant (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). We conclude that herpes virus infection, in particular CMV concurrent with HHV-6 reactivation, is predictive of moderate to severe acute GVHD.
Adolescent↗
Sequential analysis of HLA-C-specific killer cell inhibitory receptor (CD158b) expressing peripheral blood mononuclear cells during chronic graft-versus-host disease.
We have sequentially investigated the expression of natural killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIRs) for HLA-C (CD158b) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in three patients with extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT). Clinical symptoms of cGVHD were not cured and worsened in the first patient whose CD158b-positive cells increased to 18.5% during cGVHD and decreased to 9.4% at 8 months after transplantation. On the other hand, cGVHD was cured and did not relapse in the second patient whose CD158b-positive cells increased up to 45.9% during cGVHD and sustained 19.4% at 8 months after transplantation. In contrast, CD158b-positive cells were less than 10% during the course of cGVHD in the third patient, and her cGVHD did not respond to treatment. Therefore, it appears that chronic allostimulation augments the expansion of CD158b-positive cells and these expanded CD158b-positive cells may have some role in the control of alloresponse in some patients.
Adult↗
Soluble Flt-1 gene therapy for peritoneal metastases using HVJ-cationic liposomes.
Many studies have reported a close association between VEGF and tumor angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gene therapy against cancer, including peritoneal metastasis, using a cDNA encoding a soluble type of Flt-1, one of the VEGF receptors. In a peritoneal metastasis model of MKN45 human gastric cancer cells, mice repetitively treated with intraperitoneal injections of HVJ-Fex, a type of HVJ-cationic liposome encapsulating a plasmid expressing soluble mFlt-1, exhibited smaller disseminated foci with fewer microvessels, thus resulting in a significantly longer survival period than the control mice. In another peritoneal metastasis model using HT1080S cells, a clone of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells stably transfected with hVEGF, treatments with HVJ-Fex also reduced the growth of disseminated foci without ascites formation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the peritoneal metastases of some cancers were largely dependent on VEGF, and that the repeated intraperitoneal transduction of a soluble flt-1 gene using HVJ-cationic liposomes suppressed peritoneal metastases, thereby contributing to a longer survival period.
Animals↗
Expression of HLA-C-specific natural killer cell receptors (CD158a and CD158b) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
We investigated the expression of natural killer cell receptors (NKRs) for HLA-C on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 23 allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) patients to analyse the role of NKRs in alloresponse concerning graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). CD158a expression was low and there was little change in the expression after allo-BMT. Also, there was no difference in the proportion of CD158a+/CD3- after allo-BMT. In contrast, the proportion of CD158b+/CD3- cells, mainly NK cells, increased in the early stage (< 2 months) after allo-BMT and then gradually decreased (3.3 +/- 2.6% before BMT vs. 15.4 +/- 8. 6% in the early stage after BMT, 8.5 +/- 4.9% during the period 3-6 months after BMT and 7.0 +/- 3.0% > 6 months after BMT; P < 0.05). However, CD158b expression on CD3+ T cells increased 3 months after allo-BMT (1.1 +/- 1.1% before BMT vs. 5.1 +/- 7.7% during the period 3-6 months after BMT and 3.0 +/- 2.4% > 6 months after BMT, P < 0. 05). The highest percentages of CD158 expression in patients without chronic GVHD (cGVHD) and those with cGVHD were compared. The percentage of CD158b+/CD3+ cells and also that of CD158b+/CD8+ cells were significantly increased in patients with cGVHD compared with those in patients without cGVHD (2.6 +/- 2.0% vs. 8.0 +/- 11.2% and 2.3 +/- 1.5% vs. 8.3 +/- 11.7% respectively; P < 0.05). The exact clinical relevance of these CD158b-expressing cells is not clear. However, there is an interesting possibility that CD158b-expressing cells play some role in the regulation of GVHD after allo-BMT.
Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
Idarubicinol myelotoxicity: a comparison of in vitro data with clinical outcome in patients treated with high-dose idarubicin.
We evaluated in vitro the toxicity of idarubicin and its active metabolite idarubicinol on haematopoietic progenitors, using human umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood progenitors to obtain dose-response curves. We treated 16 patients with poor prognosis lymphoma in a phase I-II trial of high-dose idarubicin and melphalan and investigated if idarubicinol persisting in patients' plasma at the time of transplantation (day 0), on day +1 and +2 could result in an inhibition of infused progenitors. Colony inhibition was correlated with pharmacokinetic data and with the time of patients' engraftment. Plasma samples obtained before idarubicin treatment demonstrated a colony-stimulating effect, increasing the cloning efficiency by 72%. The inhibitory activity on colony forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) of patients' plasma collected on the day of transplantation was lower than expected from dose-response curves (21% measured vs 70% expected). The time to patients' WBC and PLT recovery correlated with the amount of CD34+ cells reinfused and, to a lesser extent, with the colony-inhibiting effect of patients' plasma. The correlation between idarubicinol concentration and CFU-GM inhibition was not significant. These data suggest that plasma drug concentration on the day of stem cell reinfusion may overestimate the toxicity of residual anthracyclines to the transplanted cells.
Adult↗
Control of IL-5 production by human helper T cells as a treatment for eosinophilic inflammation: comparison of in vitro and in vivo effects between selective and nonselective cytokine synthesis inhibitors.
BACKGROUND: Helper T cells are involved in the pathophysiologic condition of asthma, so modulation of cytokine production may be effective therapy. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to selectively control the synthesis of IL-5 by helper T cells and tested in vivo effects using a murine asthma model. METHODS: The effect of dexamethasone, FK506, cyclosporin A, and nonactin (a macrolide compound produced by Streptomyces griseus) on cytokine production by allergen-specific T-cell clones was determined. The effect of these agents and an anti-IL-5 neutralizing antibody on airway eosinophilic inflammation was investigated in a murine asthma model. RESULTS: Dexamethasone, FK506, and cyclosporin A suppressed the production of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5 by human helper T cells, which shows a similar concentration-response relationship in each case. Cyclosporin A and dexamethasone inhibited airway eosinophilia in vivo. Nonactin suppressed IL-5 synthesis but not IL-2 or IL-4 synthesis, and it also significantly suppressed airway eosinophilia. CONCLUSION: Nonactin only suppressed IL-5 synthesis and was as effective against eosinophilia as cyclosporin A and dexa-methasone, which indicates that IL-5 is a reasonable therapeutic target in allergic disorders that are accompanied by eosinophilic inflammation.
Animals↗
Implications of human macrophage metalloelastase and vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE: To determine molecular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Tumor angiogenesis is believed to derive from the balance between angiogenic stimulators and inhibitors. It has been suggested that the switch to the angiogenic phenotype requires both upregulation of the first and downregulation of the second. However, its molecular basis in vivo remains obscure. In this study the authors analyze the participation of two factors in angiogenesis of HCC- human macrophage metalloelastase (HME), a matrix metalloproteinase responsible for the generation of angiostatin, a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the most potent endogenous angiogenic factor. METHODS: Tumorous and contiguous nontumorous tissues from 25 patients with HCC who underwent curative partial hepatectomy were subjected to Northern blot analysis to detect HME and VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Western blot analysis was used to detected angiostatin. Tumor vascularity was evaluated using hepatic angiography. RESULTS: Eleven of the 15 cases expressing the HME gene showed hypovascular tumors, whereas hypervascular tumors were seen in 9 of the 10 HME-negative cases. The median of HME mRNA expression (tumorous/nontumorous ratio) was 6.5 (range 0-264.5) in the hypovascular group and 0 (range 0-3.2) in the hypervascular group. A stepwise logistic analysis revealed that HME and VEGF mRNA expression were two independent variables significantly affecting the vascularity of HCC tumors. CONCLUSION: HME gene expression is significantly associated with hypovascular tumors; moreover, angiogenesis in HCC is not determined by a single factor, but depends on the net balance between HME and VEGF gene expressions.
Adult↗