Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Morgan

Publications and source records attributed to A Morgan.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Concentrations and characteristics of amphibole fibres in the lungs of workers exposed to crocidolite in the British gas-mask factories, and elsewhere, during the second world war.

Concentrations and length distributions of uncoated and coated amphibole fibres in the lungs of 27 workers at the Leyland, Nottingham, and Blackburn gas-mask factories were measured after death with the light microscope using the membrane filter technique. Measurements were also made on a worker exposed to crocidolite at the Chemical Defence Experimental Establishment, Porton, and on three miners from the Wittenoom mine in Western Australia where the crocidolite used in the manufacture of military respirators is reputed to have originated. In selected cases, fibre concentrations and dimensions were also measured with the electron microscope. All but two subjects died with a mesothelial tumour. Fibre concentrations ranged from 7 x 10(4) to almost 10(9) fibres/g dry weight. There appeared to be no relation between latent period and fibre concentration. The significance of the wide range of fibre concentrations which was associated with the development of mesothelial tumours is discussed and also the relation between the relative frequency and dimensions of uncoated and coated fibres.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Improved three-year disease-free survival in osteogenic sarcoma.

Of 41 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed osteogenic sarcoma admitted to the Children's Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center in Seattle, Washington, between 1952 and 1977, 19 treated before 1973 did not receive adjunctive chemotherapy (histological group) whereas after 1972 22 have been so treated (chemotherapy group). Chemotherapy consisted primarily of high doses of methotrexate and adriamycin for 16 months after surgical treatment. Patients in the historical group have been observed for a minimum of nine years (six patients) or until death (13 patients). The 13 surviving patients in the chemotherapy group have been followed for a minimum of three years (median five years) and all 12 disease-free patients have been off therapy for between one and a half and five and a half years (median three years). Overall, the chemotherapy group has had a significant increase in both survival (p = 0.03) and disease-free survival (P = 0.02) compared to the historical group. In 35 patients with localised disease at diagnosis, the three-year disease-free survival and the three-year survival rates were 18 per cent and 41 per cent respectively in the historical group, and 67 per cent and 78 per cent (life table estimates) respectively in the chemotherapy group. With adjunctive chemotherapy only one of the seven patients developing pulmonary metastases did so later than nine months after diagnosis. The superior results in the chemotherapy group could not be accounted for by differences in age, sex, presence of metastases at diagnosis, histopathology, location of primary tumour, type of initial or subsequent surgical treatment, or the use of standard or computerised lung tomography. Although the use of historical controls in this study does not exclude other changes as contributing to the observed improvement in outcome, our data support the contention that adjunctive chemotherapy improves both the disease-free survival and the overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma and rarely delays the onset of recurrent or metastatic disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Pyloric stenosis--a report of triplet females and notes on its inheritance.

Pyloric stenosis has been reported in multiple sibs and multiple births, A case of the disease affecting triplets is reported, the second in the literature. The expression of pyloric stenosis is dependent upon the genetic influence of ancestors affected with the disease, as well as unknown environmental influences in the postnatal period. Descendants of affected females are the most likely to develop pyloric stenosis.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Effect of oral salbutamol and slow-release aminophylline on exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis.

In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 24 patients fulfilling the MRC criteria for chronic bronchitis, oral salbutamol 4 mg and slow-release aminophylline (Phyllocontin) 450 mg produced similar and significant (p less than 0.05) mean increases in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). A significantly greater increase in mean FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) was seen when both drugs were given although there was no statistical evidence of synergistic interaction. Salbutamol significantly increased the mean distance walked in 12 minutes (12MD) (p less than 0.02) by 56 metres and a similar increase of 54 metres (p less than 0.001) was seen after Phyllocontin. With both drugs in combination mean 12MD increased by 51 metres (p less than 0.02 cf placebo), a change not significantly different from that observed with either drug alone. Oral salbutamol and Phyllocontin improve exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis. The significantly greater changes in FEV1 and FVC resulting from simultaneous administration of the two drugs are not associated with further improvement in exercise tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of effective renal plasma flow during renography.

A method to determine effective renal plasma flow that requires only a single injection of 131-iodine hippuran and eliminates the necessity of obtaining blood samples is described. Good correlation was obtained between this procedure and a method requiring a blood sample. The technique should prove useful in determining effective renal plasma flow when difficulty is encountered in obtaining blood. However, before it is used as a method in its own right it must be compared to an independent method of measuring effective renal plasma flow.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Concentrations and dimensions of coated and uncoated asbestos fibres in the human lung.

Concentrations and length distributions of uncoated and coated amphibole-type fibres in samples of human lung taken at necropsy were measured by optical microscopy using the membrane filter technique that enables fibres with diameters down to about 0.2 micron to be detected. The subjects included 10 who died with mesothelial tumours, three with lung cancer, and eight of other causes. Measurements of fibre concentrations are compared with those of other workers. It can be deduced from the length distributions that fibres less than 5 microns long are cleared from the lung more efficiently than longer ones. The clearance of short fibres appears to be inhibited in subjects with asbestosis, however. The length distributions of uncoated and coated fibres were dissimilar. In general, few fibres less than 10 microns in length were coated and few greater than 40 microns in length were uncoated. The probability of a fibre of given length, however, becoming coated varied considerably from subject to subject. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of length on the clearance of fibres from the lung and on body formation.

Studies of the effect of fibre length on lung clearance have shown that fibres less than 5 micrometers in length are removed more efficiently than are longer fibres. The probability of body formation occurring increases with fibre length. It appears possible that thin fibres of given length are coated less readily than thick fibres, but further work is required to substantiate this.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1979

Estimation of myocardial infarct size in man using 99m Tc polyphosphate.

We have critically evaluated the use of 99m Tc polyphosphate to estimate myocardial infarct size. Optimum conditions were first defined with respect to infarct edge definition, and relative activity over infarct and bone and in blood pool. The scintigrams of 53 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction were recorded under these defined constant conditions and analysed in various ways. Visual grading of infarct area or intensity correlated poorly with other indices of infarct severity. Computer-assisted measurements of above-background infarct uptake area or of total farct activity correlated well with clinical, electrocardiographic, and enzymatic measurements of infarct severity.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The use of tienilic acid in nephrotic syndrome: a clinical study.

The diuretic and uricosuric activities of tienilic acid 250--50 mg daily over a minimum six week period have been studied in seven patients with the nephrotic syndrome secondary to glomerulonephritis proven by renal biopsy. Tienilic acid failed to control oedema in one patient who had to be withdrawn. In the six other patients a hypouricaemic effect with increased urate clearance was noted. No consistent effects were noted with respect to the serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. No side effects were observed. It is concluded that in nephrotic patients tienilic acid behaves as a mild diuretic with consistent hypouricaemic and uricosuric effects.

Adolescent↗