Two discrete areas in frontal cortex are involved in generating saccadic eye movements--the frontal eye field (FEF) and the supplementary eye field (SEF). Whereas FEF represents saccades in a topographic retinotopic map, recent evidence indicates that saccades may be represented craniotopically in SEF. To further investigate the relationship between these areas, the topographic organization of afferents to FEF from SEF in Macaca mulatta was examined by placing injections of distinct retrograde tracers into different parts of FEF that represented saccades of different amplitudes. Central FEF (lateral area 8A), which represents saccades of intermediate amplitudes, received afferents from a larger portion of SEF than did lateral FEF (area 45), which represents shorter saccades, or medial FEF (medial area 8A), which represents the longest saccades in addition to pinna movements. Moreover, in every case the zone in SEF that innervated lateral FEF (area 45) also projected to medial FEF (area 8A). In one case, a zone in rostral SEF projected to both lateral area 8A from which eye movements were evoked by microstimulation as well as medial area 8A from which pinna movements were elicited by microstimulation. This pattern of afferent convergence and divergence from SEF onto the retinotopic saccade map in FEF is indicative of some sort of map transformation between SEF and FEF. Such a transformation would be necessary to interconnect a topographic craniotopic saccade representation in SEF with a topographic retinotopic saccade representation in FEF.

Afferent Pathways↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Specific soluble antigens and Listeria monocytogenes typing by electrosyneresis (author's transl)].

Listeria monocytogenes releases its antigens during the exponential phase. Electrosyneresis on agarose allows detection of these antigens in the supernatant of broth culture following a 3 h incubation of the strains. This serotyping method seems to be easy, rapid and reproductible. The authors have investigated 83 strains of different origines and find no difference with agglutination. However, during the stationary phase, L. monocytogenes releases other antigens which gave precipitation lines with all commercial sera tested.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Listeriosis : evaluation of twenty years of inquires at Rouen (France) (author's transl)].

The laboratory of bacteriology of the CHU of Rouen has isolated in twenty years 297 strains of Listeria monocytogenes which are corresponding to 249 cases, 48 new-borns being infected by the same germ as their mother. The listeriosis frequency is increasing ; the disease is recurrent, with a periodicity of four years, but the number of the cases which are observed every year is larger than that which has been observed four years before. The disease seems to affect mainly the women ; in reality, both sexes are sensitive, but some conditions, especially the pregnancy, are favouring the disease burst. Five pregnant women per one thousand incur the risk to catch a listeriosis during their pregnancy ; for want of early diagnosis and treatment, they will not be able to carry their pregnancy through, and will generally give birth to shortly condemned children.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A case of volvulus of a uterine tube in the postpartum period].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A case of volvulus of the fallopian tube following labor].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Imported malaria at the CHU in Rouen (author's transl)].

In the Bacteriology-Parasitology laboratory of CHU in Rouen, we diagnosed from 1970 to 1978: 49 cases of imported malaria and 3 cases following transfusion of blood by finding of erythrocytic parasite. It is necessary to report: 26 more cases, diagnosed by immunologic test (IFI) which, being the total number reported to 78. 71,5% of the cases of imported malaria were caused by Plasmodium falciparum, including one fatal case of cerebral malaria. Patients were europeans (45%) and immigrants living in Rouen (55%) who were returning from an endemic area and did not receive chemoprophylaxis or did not take it correctly. In front of actual increasing number of imported malaria cases, it is essential to inform travellers on the risk involved and importance of chemoprophylaxis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Does preventive vaccination with engineered tumor cells work in cancer-prone transgenic mice?

The use of genetically modified tumor cells as vaccines has been successful in numerous animal models of grafted syngenic tumors and has provided the groundwork for many clinical trials of gene therapy in cancer patients. To investigate the real efficacy of ex vivo gene therapy-based vaccines, we used transgenic mice that express the SV40 large T and small t antigens under the control of hepatic antithrombin III (ASV-B)-regulatory sequences. These mice systematically develop hepatocarcinoma. Hepatoma cells, derived from ASV-B transgenic mice, were gene-transduced to express either interleukin-2, interleukin-4, the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, or the T-cell costimulatory molecule B7.1. First, we demonstrated the vaccine potential of engineered hepatoma cells by immunizing nontransgenic mice with these cells, which prevented the growth of subsequent grafted nontransduced hepatoma cells. However, vaccination of pretumoral transgenic animals with various combinations of engineered hepatoma cells failed to inhibit hepatoma onset and progression. Rather, tumor development in ASV-B mice appears to be dependent on the immune system, since neonatal induction of immunotolerance to tumor in ASV-B mice cells was associated with a moderate, but significant, acceleration of tumor development. These results seriously call into question the efficacy of this strategy of active vaccinotherapy against natural tumors.

Animals↗