Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Morales

Publications and source records attributed to A Morales.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Oral and transcutaneous pharmacologic agents in the treatment of impotence.

The pharmacologic treatment of erectile failure is now a reality. However, current agents have major drawbacks. Some require invasive administration, whereas others offer only marginal effect. The use of hormones should be limited to well-documented cases of endocrine dysfunction. Oral and transcutaneous agents remain experimental, but new drugs are under investigation and show early encouraging results.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1988

Brain cell karyotypes of six new world sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae).

The brain cell karyotypes of six New World sand flies are described and compared. Lutzomyia trapidoi has three pairs of chromosomes, 2N = 6. The other species, L. gomezi, L. erwindonaldoi, L. carmelinoi, L. walkeri and L. columbiana, have four pairs of chromosomes, 2N = 8. No heteromorphic chromosomes were observed. Cytogenetic similarities among sand fly species are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Penile corporeal disproportion: long-term results of surgical treatment.

Penile corporeal disproportion (PCD) is frequently confused with the more prevalent Peyronie's disease, with which it shares the characteristic feature of penile curvature on erection. The authors report on 13 patients with PCD, 9 of whom were treated surgically, using Nesbit's technique to correct the curvature. Results were good to excellent in 89%, with a mean long-term follow-up of 6 years. The diagnostic process is simple and accurate but requires participation by the patient. Surgical treatment is indicated when the penile curvature is so severe that it interferes with sexual intercourse.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1987

Double-blind trial of yohimbine in treatment of psychogenic impotence.

48 subjects meeting strict diagnostic criteria for psychogenic impotence took part in a 10 week placebo-controlled, double-blind, partial crossover trial of yohimbine (18 mg a day) for restoring erectile function. At the end of the first arm of the trial 62% of the yohimbine group and 16% of the placebo group reported some improvement in sexual function (chi 2 = 10.41, df = 2, p less than 0.05). 21% of the originally placebo-treated group noticed some improvement over pre-treatment levels when they were put on yohimbine in the second arm of the trial. Overall 46% of those who received yohimbine reported a positive response to the drug, a response rate very similar to that observed in a previous study of patients with organic impotence. Response to yohimbine thus seems to be unrelated to current groupings of the cause of impotence. Yohimbine is a safe treatment for psychogenic impotence that seems to be as effective as sex and marital therapy for restoring satisfactory sexual functioning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Membrane properties of glossopharyngeal sensory neurons in the petrosal ganglion of the cat.

The active and passive properties of petrosal ganglion sensory neurons with axons in the glossopharyngeal nerve were examined with intracellular microelectrodes in an in vitro preparation. Glossopharyngeal neurons could be classified into two groups: H-cells showing an inflexion or hump on the falling phase of the spike and F-cells, generating a short action potential without a hump. Most of the neurons found (85%) were H-cells. The axonal conduction velocity of both types of cells fell into the A delta range, although the average value for F-cells (13 m/s) was higher than that found for H-cells (10 m/s). H- and F-cells had similar resting membrane potentials and input resistances, but different action potential characteristics. F-cells showed a smaller action potential with a faster rate of depolarization, followed by a shorter after-hyperpolarization. The response to depolarizing current pulses applied through the microelectrode was also different in both types of cells. About half of the H-cells could not be depolarized to threshold while 85% of F-cells generated spikes. It is concluded that two different populations of petrosal ganglion neurons send axons into the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

The pharmacokinetics of yohimbine in man.

The kinetic disposition of yohimbine was examined in eight young male subjects following a single oral dose of 10 mg yohimbine hydrochloride. The drug was rapidly absorbed (absorption half-time 0.17 +/- 0.11 h) and rapidly eliminated from the plasma (elimination half-life 0.60 +/- 0.26 h). This clearance of yohimbine from plasma was constant over approximately 10 elimination half-lives, suggesting that distribution into a second pharmacokinetically distinct compartment was not responsible for the rapid decline in plasma yohimbine levels. Urinary excretion and the partitioning of the drug into red blood cells (RBC) was investigated. In the 24 h following oral administration of the drug, virtually no yohimbine was eliminated in the urine (0.35 +/- 0.50% of the administered dose). Furthermore, only 20% of blood-borne yohimbine was located in RBC. These results suggest that yohimbine is eliminated primarily through metabolism since the rapid plasma clearance of yohimbine was not the result of renal elimination or sequestration by RBC.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Screening assessment of penile tumescence and rigidity. Clinical test of Snap-Gauge.

A study was conducted to investigate the clinical usefulness of the Snap-Gauge, a device intended to provide an economical alternative to complete nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) recording. Twenty-one patients were assessed using the Snap-Gauge either during NPT recording or during the corporeal calibration test (CCT), or both. Patient acceptance of the device was excellent. The results indicate a fair degree of consistency between the Snap-Gauge and CCT measurements. The Snap-Gauge and NPT findings were less consistent. The results suggest that the Snap-Gauge is a reliable and useful screening device for assessing impotent patients. However, it is not an adequate substitute for a more complete NPT monitoring with polysomnographic recording.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1987

Is yohimbine effective in the treatment of organic impotence? Results of a controlled trial.

Yohimbine is an alpha-adrenoceptor blocker that has been used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Adequate trials of this substance in a clearly defined organically impotent population are not available. We conducted a randomized, controlled study with partial cross-over of yohimbine versus placebo in 100 organically impotent men. The first phase of the study showed a positive response in 42.6 per cent of the patients receiving yohimbine versus 27.6 per cent in the placebo group. Although favorable to the test medication these values did not reach statistical significance (p equals 0.42). A similar pattern was noted in the second phase of the study. The over-all response rate of 43.5 per cent was consistent with a previous noncontrolled trial but it was much lower than previous studies. The response rate of organically impotent patients to yohimbine is at best marginal. Owing to its ease of administration, safety and modest effect it still is used in those patients who do not accept more invasive methods. Adrenoceptors are involved in the erectile process, although other neurotransmitter systems also are putative modulators of penile erection, including cholinergic, dopaminergic and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide pathways. It is beyond reasonable expectation that a single agent be of value for all cases of organic impotence. However, yohimbine has shown modest effectiveness at the doses used in this trial (18 mg. per day). Higher doses or a different route of administration may produce different effects.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1987

Effects of central or peripheral axotomy on membrane properties of sensory neurones in the petrosal ganglion of the cat.

1. The properties of sensory neurones in the petrosal ganglion of the cat were examined in vitro with intracellular electrodes 8 days after section of the central (bulbar roots) or peripheral process. Two types of cells, both with conduction velocities faster than 2 m/s and with humps on the falling phases of their action potentials (H-neurones), were studied: glossopharyngeal neurones arising from the tongue and pharynx, and carotid neurones originating in the carotid body and carotid sinus. 2. Peripheral axotomy produced an increase in action potential duration and a marked decrease in the amplitude and duration of the spike after-hyperpolarization in both glossopharyngeal and carotid neurones. 3. The maximum rate of depolarization of the action potential increased after peripheral axotomy in glossopharyngeal cells but did not change in carotid neurones. 4. The time-dependent inward rectification in response to hyperpolarizing pulses was markedly reduced in both types of cells after peripheral axotomy. 5. Section of the peripheral process produced a decrease of the rheobase of glossopharyngeal cells, but not of carotid neurones. After axotomy the proportion of cells giving tonic discharges in response to long depolarizing pulses increased from 13 to 54% among carotid neurones but did not change in glossopharyngeal cells. 6. No significant changes in membrane potential or input resistance of either group of cells were found after peripheral axotomy. 7. Central axotomy did not produce any changes in the electrophysiological properties of glossopharyngeal or carotid neurones. 8. Peripheral conduction velocity was decreased in both types of cells after peripheral axotomy, but did not change after section of the bulbar roots. 9. It is concluded that the electrical properties of sensory neurones are modified after peripheral axotomy but not after central axotomy. Furthermore, the changes produced by peripheral axotomy are different in neurones innervating different peripheral targets. 10. The possibility that some electrical properties of sensory neurones are maintained by their peripheral targets is discussed.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

Natural infection of humans, animals, and phlebotomine sand flies with the Alagoas serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus in Colombia.

Five isolations of the Alagoas serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (Rhabdoviridae: Vesiculovirus) were made from naturally infected phlebotomine sand flies (Lutzomyia spp.) collected in Colombia. These are the first isolations of Alagoas virus from an arthropod. Replication of the virus occurred in laboratory-reared sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis) after inoculation. Bite and transovarial transmission of the virus was also demonstrated in experimentally infected sand flies. Alagoas virus neutralizing antibodies were found in sera of humans and animals living near the insect collection site; antibody rates among human residents of two nearby towns were 63% and 83%, respectively. Results of comparative serologic studies demonstrated that Alagoas virus is closely related antigenically to Indiana, Cocal, and Maraba viruses and that these four agents form a complex within the vesicular stomatitis virus serogroup. The antigenic similarity among these four viruses makes their differentiation difficult; it also raises doubts about the accuracy of current laboratory methods used for identifying isolates in this serogroup. A discussion follows on the significance of human antibodies to these agents and on the role of sand flies in their ecology.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Bladder neck suspension for stress incontinence as an outpatient procedure.

Simplified but effective operative techniques have made surgery for stress incontinence less hazardous and traumatic and more acceptable to these patients. Transvaginal needle vesical neck suspensions, by avoiding splitting of the fascia of the abdominal wall, decrease postoperative discomfort and convalescence. Various modifications of the original Pereyra needle vesical neck suspension are currently in use. Probably the simplest and most effective is a technique reported by Raz, which the authors employ as an outpatient procedure and describe here.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗