Biomedical subjects
A Moore
Publications and source records attributed to A Moore.
Evidence-based practice--getting a grip and finding a balance.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Where are they now? A survey of the career possibilities for young scientists in the life sciences.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Brave small world. Biotechnology and nanotechnology may give rise to a completely new industry.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Can we afford to pay? The bioVision 2001 summit in France examined the impact of biotechnology in the developed and the Third World, and the cost of inaction when addressing some of humankind's most pressing problems.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Of silicon and submarines. Whether it be in the world's smallest pharmaceutical plants, computer factories or dockyards, engineers need look no further than biology for future solutions.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Blooming prospects? Humans have eaten seaweed for millennia; now microalgae are to be served up in a variety of novel health supplements, medicaments and preparations.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Of mice and Mendel. The predicted rise in the use of knock-out and transgenic mice should cause us to reflect on our justification for the use of animals in research.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Body, heal thyself. Research on stem cells and therapeutic cloning: great hope tinged with caution.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Reaching the inner ear of the EC: How scientists lobby for their interests at the European Commission.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Randomized trial of group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents.
OBJECTIVE: To compare group therapy with routine care in adolescents who had deliberately harmed themselves on at least two occasions within a year. METHOD: Single-blind pilot study with two randomized parallel groups that took place in Manchester, England. Sixty-three adolescents aged 12 through 16 years were randomly assigned to group therapy and routine care or routine care alone. Outcome data on suicide attempts were obtained without knowledge of treatment allocation on all randomized cases (62/63 by direct interview) on average 29 weeks later. The primary outcomes were depression and suicidal behavior. RESULTS: In intention-to-treat analyses, adolescents who had group therapy were less likely to be "repeaters" at the end of the study (i.e., to have repeated deliberate self-harm on two or more further occasions) than adolescents who had routine care (2/32 versus 10/31; odds ratio 6.3), but the confidence intervals for this ratio were wide (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 28.7). They were also less likely to use routine care, had better school attendance, and had a lower rate of behavioral disorder than adolescents given routine care alone. The interventions did not differ, however, in their effects on depression or global outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Group therapy shows promise as a treatment for adolescents who repeatedly harm themselves, but larger studies are required to assess more accurately the efficacy of this intervention.
Absence of abdominal pain in older persons with endoscopic ulcers: a prospective study.
OBJECTIVE: In a retrospective study we reported absence of abdominal pain in 35% of elderly patients with peptic ulcer disease. We now report a prospective study on this question. METHODS: Patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy were systematically questioned before endoscopy. A reproducible method for identifying the location of symptoms was used. Among patients referred for upper endoscopy, there was no selection of patients for study purposes as all had strong indications, such as pain, dyspepsia, GI bleeding, weight loss, or anemia. Patients were divided into two groups according to age: A younger group consisting of patients <50 yr (mean, 33.6 yr) and an older group >60 yr (mean, 70.9 yr). RESULTS: A total of 277 patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference in reported use of medications, alcohol, or cigarette use between the groups. Of the 106 patients with peptic ulcer, 15 (14.2%) had not experienced pain. Abdominal pain was absent in 5 (6.9%) of the younger patients and 10 (29.4%) of the older patients. The difference was significant using the chi2 method (p = 0.004). A trend toward an even higher proportion of pain-free peptic ulcer disease was noted in the elderly female group (37.5%), but it did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Absence of abdominal pain is confirmed in approximately 30% of elderly patients with peptic ulcer disease.
Bilateral retinal detachments at birth: the osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Human transferrin receptor gene as a marker gene for MR imaging.
PURPOSE: To quantitate and characterize the expression of an engineered human transferrin receptor (ETR) as a marker gene by using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rat gliosarcoma 9L cells stably expressing ETR (ETR+) were used, with nontransfected (ETR-) cells serving as controls. A conjugate of transferrin and monocrystalline iron oxide (Tf-MION) nanoparticles was synthesized to probe for the activity of ETR. Accumulation of Tf-MION was examined by using cell internalization in culture and MR (n = 6) and nuclear (n = 4) imaging in a mouse model with ETR+ and ETR- tumors implanted in the opposite flanks. Autoradiographic and histopathologic results were correlated with MR findings. RESULTS: Tf-MION was internalized by ETR+ cells at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C. Rhodamine-labeled Tf-MION and fluorescein-labeled antibody to ETR colocalized in small vesicle-like structures in the cytoplasm. Both findings were consistent with accumulation by the receptor-mediated endocytosis mechanism of ETR. Compared with ETR- tumors, ETR+ tumors accumulated more Tf-MION and had higher signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images and lower signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Autoradiographic findings showed a spatial correlation between MR signal intensity and TF-MION accumulation. CONCLUSION: ETR+ tumors internalize the MR imaging probe through the action of transferrin receptor in amounts that can be detected with MR imaging.
Three case reports of the use of haemodiafiltration in the treatment of salicylate overdose.
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is widely available without prescription. Although self-poisoning is rare, if severe it may be life threatening. Haemodialysis has been recommended in severe cases when salicylate levels exceed 7.3 mmol l(-1). We describe three cases of severe salicylate poisoning, which were treated with continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). All patients survived. The first case had already undergone haemodialysis before transfer to the ICU, where CVVHDF was commenced because salicylism persisted at 3 mmol l(-1). A small reduction in serum salicylate was noted. In the second case, serum salicylate decreased from 8.5 to 3.5 mmol l(-1) after 3 h of CVVHDF even though only minimal urine was produced. Our third case is a chronic overdose in whom serum salicylate decreased from 6.2 to 4 mmol l(-1) after 4 h and to 1.4 mmol l(-1) after a further 7 h. No bicarbonate was administered to this patient and elimination can only be attributed to CVVHDF and urinary clearance, which is known to be slow. We discuss the pathogenesis of severe salicylate toxicity and postulate that CVVHDF, which is widely used in the intensive care setting, may be a useful therapy in severely poisoned patients who are unstable and cannot undergo haemodialysis or in situations where haemodialysis is unavailable.
Incidence rate and spatio-temporal clustering of type 1 diabetes in Santiago, Chile, from 1997 to 1998.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence rate of type 1 diabetes in the urban area of Santiago, Chile, from March 21, 1997 to March 20, 1998, and to assess the spatio-temporal clustering of cases during that period. METHODS: All sixty-one incident cases were located temporally (day of diagnosis) and spatially (place of residence) in the area of study. Knox's method was used to assess spatio-temporal clustering of incident cases. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate of type 1 diabetes was 4.11 cases per 100,000 children aged less than 15 years per year (95% confidence interval: 3.06 - 5.14). The incidence rate seems to have increased since the last estimate of the incidence calculated for the years 1986 - 1992 in the metropolitan region of Santiago. Different combinations of space-time intervals have been evaluated to assess spatio-temporal clustering. The smallest p-value was found for the combination of critical distances of 750 meters and 60 days (uncorrected p-value = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Although these are preliminary results regarding space-time clustering in Santiago, exploratory analysis of the data method would suggest a possible aggregation of incident cases in space-time coordinates.
Noninvasive in vivo measurement of beta-cell mass in mouse model of diabetes.
Pancreatic beta-cell mass (BCM) is a major determinant of the quantity of insulin that can be secreted. BCM is markedly reduced in type 1 diabetes because of selective autoimmune destruction of beta-cells. Accurate assessment of BCM in human diabetes is limited to autopsy studies, which usually suffer from inadequate clinical information; thus, the development of noninvasive means of BCM measurement could be important in intervention therapy. The goal of this study was to develop such noninvasive methods for measuring BCM featuring target-specific imaging probes and to investigate whether this technique is feasible, accurate, and predictive of BCM in normal and diabetic states. Using a beta-cell-specific monoclonal antibody IC2, modified with a radioisotope chelator for nuclear imaging, we showed that highly specific binding and accumulation to beta-cells occurs after intravenous administration of the probe, with virtually no binding to exocrine pancreas or stromal tissues. Furthermore, we observed a direct correlation between accumulation of the probe with BCM in diabetic and normal animals. Nuclear imaging of the animals that received an injection of the radioactive probe showed major difference in signal intensity between normal and diabetic pancreases. The results from this study set the route for further development of imaging probes for measuring BCM that would aid in diagnosis and treatment of diabetic patients in the clinic.
Patient monitoring using personal area networks of wireless intelligent sensors.
A wearable device for monitoring multiple physiological signals (polysomnograph) usually includes multiple wires connecting sensors and the monitoring device. In order to integrate information from intelligent sensors, all devices must be connected to a Personal Area Network (PAN). This system organization is unsuitable for longer and continuous monitoring, particularly during the normal activity. For instance, monitoring of athletes and computer assisted rehabilitation commonly involve unwieldy wires to arms and legs that restrain normal activity. We propose a wireless PAN of intelligent sensors as a system architecture of choice, and present a new design of wireless personal area network with physiological sensors for medical applications. Intelligent wireless sensors perform data acquisition and limited processing. Individual sensors monitor specific physiological signals (such as EEG, ECG, GSR, etc.) and communicate with each other and the personal server. Personal server integrates information from different sensors and communicates with the rest of telemedical system as a standard mobile unit. We present our prototype implementation of Wireless Intelligent SEnsor (WISE) based on a very low power consumption microcontroller and a DSP-based personal server. In future we expect all components of WISE integrated in a single chip for use in a variety of new medical applications and sophisticated human computer interfaces. Existing growth of wireless infrastructure will allow a range of new telemedical applications that will significantly improve the quality of health care.