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Biomedical subjects

A Moore

Publications and source records attributed to A Moore.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Properties of the mood and feelings questionnaire in adolescent psychiatric outpatients: a research note.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) in 104 adolescent outpatients attending a psychiatric clinic. The clinic offers a special assessment and treatment service for young people with depressive disorders. In this sample the self-report version of the MFQ had acceptable reliability and was a satisfactory screen for major depressive disorder diagnosed by a standardised interview with the child. It was also a useful measure of clinical remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Basic fibroblast growth factor and growth factor receptor gene expression in 85% O2-exposed rat lung.

Lungs exposed to elevated O2 concentrations suffer an initial loss of type I pneumocytes, followed by a reparative type II pneumocyte hyperplasia. We hypothesized that type II pneumocyte hyperplasia after exposure of young adult rats to 85% O2 in vivo would be temporally related to 1) an increased concentration of intrapulmonary basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a potent stimulator of type II pneumocyte DNA synthesis in vitro, and 2) an upregulation of pneumocyte receptors for bFGF (FGF-R). Increased rat lung bFGF mRNA, relative to air-exposed control animals, was observed at 4 days of exposure, with no increase at days 6 and 14 of exposure. Parallel changes were observed with bFGF receptor (flg) mRNA. Nuclear runoff assays confirmed increased transcription of both bFGF and flg genes in response to 85% O2, whereas increased translation at 6 days of exposure was confirmed by protein immunoanalysis. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a broad distribution of bFGF throughout the lung, including the alveolar epithelium, which increased after 6 and 14 days of exposure to 85% O2. Our findings are compatible with a role for bFGF in O2-mediated pneumocyte hyperplasia.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Differential regulation of glucocorticoid receptor expression by ligand in fetal rat lung cells.

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediates glucocorticoid stimulation of surfactant production by fetal mammalian lung. In many other tissues, glucorticoids decrease expression of GR, thereby reducing responsiveness to these hormones. We therefore determined whether there is a similar effect of exogenous glucocorticoids on GR in fetal rat whole lung, and in the principal cell types involved in the stimulation of surfactant, the fibroblasts and the epithelial cells. The ontogeny of GR in late gestation lung differed between the two cell types, with maximal levels occurring in fibroblasts on gestational d 19, and on d 20 in epithelial cells. Administration of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) to the mother on gestational d 18 or 19 (term = 22 d) increased specific GR binding activity in whole lung 24 h later. Furthermore, in vitro, incubation of cultured fibroblasts of gestational d 20 with 10(-7) M cortisol increased GR immunoreactive protein and binding activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner, without affecting cellular levels of GR mRNA. However, identical treatment of d 20 distal airway epithelial cells was followed by decreased GR protein without significant change in cellular GR mRNA. Surfactant protein-A protein levels, taken as assessments of lung maturation, were increased in response to the same treatment. Our findings suggest that hormonal regulation of GR in fetal lung cells occurs at a posttranscriptional level, and is cell-specific. In the context of substantial increases in circulating glucocorticoid concentrations during late gestation, these findings may be of physiologic importance to the biochemical maturation of the antenatal lung.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cold-induced amnesia blocks escape deficits in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana).

For three consecutive days, four groups of adult cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) were yoked to cockroaches receiving escapable shock. The four groups of subjects received either inescapable shock followed by exposure to 12 minutes of cold (2 degrees C), inescapable shock followed by no exposure to cold, no-shock followed by exposure to cold, or no-shock followed by no exposure to cold. 24 hr. later all five groups were run on a different escape task. The cockroaches exposed to inescapable shock followed by no exposure to cold showed the usual escape deficit. The cockroaches exposed to inescapable shock followed by exposure to cold did not alter from the escapable shock cockroaches or the controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A biotechnological approach to improving the nutritive value of alfalfa.

The postruminal supply of the sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine, has been reported to be a major limitation to wool growth in sheep. We aim to improve the protein quality of forage for ruminants by introducing into alfalfa chimeric genes encoding a ruminally stable, sulfur amino acid-rich protein from sunflower seeds. Four gene constructs were transferred to Australian commercial cultivars of alfalfa using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and selection with phosphinothricin (PPT). Modification of the sunflower seed albumin protein-coding region by addition of the coding information for an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal was found to greatly increase the level to which the sulfur amino acid-rich protein accumulated in the leaves of transgenic alfalfa plants. The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and two light-regulated plant gene promoter regions were compared for their ability to direct high-level expression of the introduced genes in alfalfa leaves. The highest expression of sunflower seed albumin was found in transformants bearing a gene incorporating the promoter from the Arabidopsis thaliana ats1A gene, which encodes the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit. The highest level of sunflower seed albumin found in transgenic alfalfa leaves was estimated to constitute .1% of soluble leaf protein. This level of accumulation of the foreign protein would be predicted to supply an extra 40 mg of sulfur amino acids daily to sheep fed the modified forage. Published studies in which wool growth rates were significantly increased employed supplementation of approximately 1 to 2 g of sulfur amino acids daily.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens↗
PubMed1995

A case-mix classification system for long-term care facilities.

The resident assessment and associated classification model inherent in any case-mix classification system are particularly germane to nursing. Resource Utilization Groups-Version III (RUG-III) illustrates how a case-mix classification system for long-term care nursing facilities is designed and constructed. Understanding the RUG-III classification system can assist nurses in evaluating other classification systems that may be adopted by Medicaid programs. Nurses provide a crucial perspective in forming and informing healthcare policy associated with nursing home payment and quality.

Diagnosis-Related Groups↗
PubMed1995

Clinicians and pathologists in the management of breast disease. An evolving relationship.

The breast is host to a spectrum of benign and malignant diseases. Medical advances during the last few decades have changed and refined the diagnosis of breast diseases considerably, and their treatment has become increasingly sophisticated. These changes have changed the relationship between pathologists and clinicians: Close collaboration has become even more essential for optimal patient care.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Dose and dose intensity of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II, node-positive breast carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Adjuvant chemotherapy is widely used for breast cancer and is known to extend survival. Some clinicians seek a greater survival benefit by increasing the intensity of the dose, whereas others lower it to diminish toxicity. METHODS: The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) conducted a randomized trial of different levels of doses and dose intensity (dose per unit of time) of adjuvant chemotherapy in 1572 women with node-positive, stage II breast cancer who were assigned to three treatment groups. One group received 400 mg of cyclophosphamide per square meter of body-surface area and 40 mg of doxorubicin per square meter once every 28 days and 400 mg of fluorouracil per square meter twice every 28 days, for six cycles. Another group received 50 percent higher doses of the three drugs (600 mg, 60 mg, and 600 mg, respectively) but for only four cycles, so that the total dose was identical in these two groups but the dose intensity was higher in the first. The third group of women received half the total dose used in the other two groups and at half the dose intensity used in the second group. RESULTS: After a median of 3.4 years of follow-up, the women treated with a high or moderate dose intensity had significantly longer disease-free survival (P < 0.001) and overall survival (P = 0.004) than those treated with a low dose intensity, in three-way log-rank comparisons. However, the difference in survival between the two groups treated with a moderate or high dose intensity was not significant. These results are consistent with either a dose-response effect or a threshold level of the dose or dose intensity. CONCLUSIONS: The doses of chemotherapy used to treat breast cancer, especially early breast cancer, should not be reduced if the maximal benefit is to be achieved.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Pheromonotropic and pheromonostatic activity in moths.

Pheromone biosynthesis in many species of moths requires a pheromonotropic neurosecretion, the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN), from the brain-subesophageal ganglion-corpora cardiaca complex. Some investigations suggest that PBAN is released into the hemolymph and acts directly on sex pheromone glands (SPG) via a Ca++/calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase. Others suggest, however, that PBAN acts via octopamine that is released by nerves from the terminal abdominal ganglion innervating the SPG. These findings suggest that there are controversies on the mode of action of PBAN and other pheromonotropic factors, sometimes even within the same species. Mating in many insects results in temporary or permanent suppression of pheromone production and/or receptivity. Such a suppression may result from physical blockage of the gonopore or deposition of pheromonostatic factor(s) by the male during copulation that result in suppressed pheromone production and/or receptivity in females either directly or by a primer effect. In several species of insects, including moths, a pheromonostatic factor is transferred in the seminal fluid of males. Similar to the controversies associated with the pheromonotropic activity of PBAN, sometimes even within the same species, there appear to be controversies in pheromonostasis in heliothines as well. This paper reviews these conflicting findings and presents some data on pheromonostatic and pheromonotropic activity in Heliothis virescens that support and conflict with current information, raising further questions. Answers to some of the questions are partly available; however, they remain to be answered unequivocally.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Rat epididymis-specific sperm maturation antigens. I. Evidence that the 26 kD 4E9 antigen found on rat caudal epididymal sperm tail is derived from a protein secreted by the epididymis.

Monoclonal antibody 4E9, which was raised against a partially purified detergent extract of rat caudal epididymal sperm, recognizes the tail of sperm from the cauda, but not from caput epididymidis, as well as epithelial cells in a restricted region of the distal caput/corpus epididymidis and proteins in epididymal fluid from corpus and cauda epididymidis. The antigen is apparently a glycoprotein, since it is retained on a Ricinus communis agglutinin I lectin column. Epididymal fluid antigens have apparent M(rs) of 38-26 kD, whereas the membrane-associated form of the molecule has an M(r) of 26 kD. Immunocytochemical data and Western immunoblot data suggest that the membrane antigen is derived from the fluid antigen, which, in turn, is secreted by the epididymal epithelium. Characterization of the membrane antigen indicates that it is tightly associated with the sperm surface, behaving as though it is an integral membrane protein. The antigen persists on ejaculated sperm.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Putative rat sperm lipid-binding protein: isolation and partial characterization.

Previous work has identified a prominent 22-24-kD protein that is present in rat male reproductive tissues, including epididymis and testis (Brooks, 1985; Jones and Brown, 1987; Moore et al., 1987). Using a monoclonal antibody (designated mAb-B109) against this 24-kD antigen (referred to as B109), we have isolated the protein using a combination of chromatofocusing and electroelution from SDS-PAGE gels, and reverse phase HPLC. B109 (pI = 4.8) is amino-terminal blocked. To obtain internal amino acid sequences, the isolated protein was cleaved either with cyanogen bromide in 70% formic acid or with TLCK-treated chymotrypsin. With cyanogen bromide treatment, two peptides, 17.8 kD and 11.9 kD, were isolated and partial amino acid sequences obtained. Chymotryptic peptides were isolated by reverse-phase HPLC and two were chosen for sequence analysis. A computer search for sequence homology through the protein identification resource (PIR) matched B109 to a basic 21-kD cytosolic protein (pI = 7.4) found in bovine brain (> 80% homology). When peptide sequence differences obtained in the present study were substituted into the 21-kD cytosolic protein sequence obtained from the PIR using Intelligenetics software, the calculated pI dropped from 7.4 to 5.8, suggesting that pI differences between the bovine and rat molecules are the result of amino acid substitutions in the testis protein and not tissue-specific posttranslational processing. It has been postulated that the 21-kD bovine brain protein is associated with phospholipid transport, although the function of B109 is unknown.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Clonal dominance detected in metastases but not primary tumors of retrovirally marked human breast carcinoma injected into nude mice.

Human breast cancer cell lines which grow in athymic (nude) mice provide a model of tumor cell growth and metastasis. Marking transplanted tumor cell populations with retroviral vectors provides a means of studying the dynamics of tumor cell growth in vivo. We evaluated three human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, and found the cells were highly susceptible to retroviral gene transfer after a single 2-h exposure (90.9%, 62.7% and 72.3%, respectively). MDA-MB-435 cells (5 x 10(5)) marked with a retroviral vector containing the beta-galactosidase gene (approximately 10(4) uniquely marked clones) were injected into the mammary fat pad of athymic mice to study clonal dominance. Primary tumors resected 10 weeks after injection expressed beta-galactosidase, demonstrating persistent vector expression in vivo. Southern blot analysis did not reveal clonal dominance in the primary tumors of the five mice studied. In contrast, pulmonary metastases in each animal were monoclonal or biclonal. These results demonstrate clonal dominance in pulmonary metastases but not primary tumors of retrovirally marked MDA-MB-435 cells. Our findings suggest that this model may also be used to introduce retroviral vectors expressing oncogenes, and anti-sense oncogenes, to determine their effect on tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Well-being: a philosophical basis for health services.

This paper develops and defends the claim that the promotion of human well-being is a philosophical basis or rationale for health services. It first sketches a case for this thesis, then defends it against various objections arising from the contrary position, here dubbed The Sceptical View. Later sections of the paper elaborate on the meaning of 'well-being', the nature of well-being, and the scope of appropriate health service concern with well-being. In particular, distinctions are made between 'thick' and 'thin' well-being, and between well-being and its various measures. These discussions generate further defences of the philosophical centrality of human well-being to health services.

Beneficence↗
PubMed1994

Assessment of risk factors for development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (RSI).

This paper describes an approach to assessing the exposure to risk factors for the development of work-related chronic musculoskeletal disorders (repetitive strain injuries) of the upper limbs and low back. Instrumentation has been developed that combines a video image of the worker performing the task with superimposed quantitative information on risk factors. A description of the methodology, the rationale for the quantities displayed and workplace examples are presented. Continuous monitoring with both muscle activation and video has been found to be useful for identifying risk factors for both acute and chronic injuries in many workplaces. The approach gives information on chronic low-level loading not easily identified with observational methods. The methods presented give quantified information necessary for exposure measures in epidemiological studies. They also give semi-quantified information useful for identifying risks and justifying changes as well as for presentation to non-technical audiences.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Inhibins, activins, their binding proteins and receptors: interactions underlying paracrine activity in the testis.

The inhibin-related peptides are present in the testis from early gestation through adulthood. They are produced from multiple testicular sites in a highly regulated manner, suggesting important paracrine roles. Similarly, receptors for these peptides are located in specific stages of the seminiferous tubule and on particular cell types, and an additional level of control is afforded by specific binding proteins, such as follistatin, which may regulate bioavailability. The actions of these factors include the modulation of interstitial cell function and the increase of spermatogonial proliferation in vitro. It thus appears that activin and inhibin are significant factors in the local control of testicular function.

Activin Receptors↗
PubMed1994

Localization of inhibin and activin binding sites in the testis during development by in situ ligand binding.

Inhibin and activin are related proteins thought to be potential paracrine regulators of testicular development and maintenance of spermatogenesis. Messenger RNA and proteins immunologically related to both factors have been identified in the adult testis. However, the role(s) of these factors in paracrine regulation of testicular function is poorly understood. To identify potential targets for inhibin and activin in immature and adult testis, we used in situ binding of [125I]-labeled ligands to localize and describe the distribution of binding sites for inhibin and activin in testes of 15-, 18-, 21-, 30-, 45-, and 60-day-old rats. Nonspecific binding was defined as that occurring in the presence of a 1000-fold excess of unlabeled recombinant human (rh) inhibin or activin. [125I]-Inhibin was found to bind to interstitial cells throughout development. Inhibin binding was shown to co-localize with cells that showed positive staining for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD). Competition studies demonstrated that this binding was indeed specific for inhibin. In contrast, [125I]-activin showed two distinct patterns of binding. First, [125I]-activin was shown to bind in a non-stage-dependent manner to cells located in the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules in testis obtained from animals of all ages studied. Binding of [125I]-activin in the periphery of the tubule could be inhibited entirely by coincubation with excess unlabeled activin and partially with excess unlabeled inhibin. The ability of inhibin to compete with activin for binding appeared to be more pronounced in younger animals. In 45- and 60-day-old animals, a second stage-dependent component of [125I]-activin binding was also apparent. This binding was localized to spermatids found in stage VII-VIII tubules and was inhibited by the presence of excess activin, but not inhibin. These results indicate that inhibin can bind specifically to testicular interstitial cells throughout development and may be an important regulator of Leydig cell testosterone production or interstitial cell function. In contrast, activin appears to bind in a specific and stage-dependent manner to receptors or high-affinity binding proteins on spermatids as well as to sites on the periphery of all seminiferous tubules. These results support the hypothesis that both activin and inhibin may act at several levels to regulate proliferation or differentiation of germ and Sertoli cell function as well as to modulate interstitial cell activity.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗