Xylocaine jelly and ocular surgery.
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Administration, Topical↗
Biomedical subjects
A Momose
Publications and source records attributed to A Momose.
Psychological effects of aromatherapy on chronic hemodialysis patients.
Effects of aromatherapy (odorless condition, lavender, and hiba oil) on mood and anxiety were investigated in 14 female patients who were being treated with chronic hemodialysis. A control period consisting of natural hospital smells was established before each test session, and then aromatic test conditions were systematically evaluated for odorless conditions as well as aromatic conditions containing lavender and hiba oil aromas. The effects of aromatherapy were measured using the Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD) and the Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HAMA). Hiba oil aroma significantly decreased the mean scores of HAMD and HAMA, and lavender aroma significantly decreased the mean scores of HAMA. The mean scores of HAMD and HAMA in an odorless condition were not significantly different from those of the control conditions. These results indicate that in chronic hemodialysis patients hiba oil is an effective, non-invasive means for the treatment of depression and anxiety, and that lavender alleviates anxiety.
Adult↗
Human carcinoma: early experience with phase-contrast X-ray CT with synchrotron radiation--comparative specimen study with optical microscopy.
Phase-contrast x-ray computed tomography (CT) indicates the distribution of the refractive index and has potential to reveal the structures inside soft tissues without a contrast agent. With a synchrotron x-ray source, phase-contrast x-ray CT with a triple Laue-case x-ray interferometer clearly differentiated various human pathologic tissues in the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis and metastatic colon carcinoma to the liver, and the images closely corresponded to those obtained with low-magnification optical microscopy.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
Blood vessels: depiction at phase-contrast X-ray imaging without contrast agents in the mouse and rat-feasibility study.
The ability of phase-contrast x-ray imaging to depict blood vessels without contrast agents was tested by observing livers of a mouse and a rat with synchrotron x rays. Livers were excised by tying arteries and veins to prevent blood from flowing out of the liver. An x-ray interferometer was used to obtain x-ray phase contrast. With the technique of phase-shifting x-ray interferometry, the image mapping x-ray phase shift caused by a liver was measured. The x-ray phase shift caused by blood was substantially different from that caused by other soft tissues; consequently, trees of blood vessels were revealed on the image. Vessels with diameter smaller than 0.1 mm were recognized. This result allows new possibilities for investigation of the vascular system.
Angiography↗
New types of X-ray computed tomography (CT) with synchrotron radiation: fluorescent X-ray CT and phase-contrast X-ray CT using interferometer.
New types of X-ray computed tomography (CT), fluorescent X-ray CT and phase-contrast X-ray CT are being developed for biomedical research. While fluorescent scanning X-ray CT (FXCT) can detect specific contrast elements, or endogenous iodine, at very low content (less than 400 pg iodine of tissue in a volume of 8 x 10(-6) ml), the phase-contrast X-ray CT (PCCT) is a highly sensitive imaging technique to differentiate between different biological tissue types (based on their specific gravity variation) without the use of a contrast agent. Therefore, we can expect functional diagnosis with FXCT, and high contrast, high resolution biological imaging with PCCT. In this paper, a human thyroid gland imaged by FXCT, and a metastatic human cancerous lesion depicted using PCCT are presented. The latter method used a newly manufactured, large, monolithic, X-ray interferometer, which is described in this paper in detail.
Colonic Neoplasms↗
Effect of pressure distribution of shockwave on renal hemorrhage after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: comparison of EDAP LT-01 and Siemens Lithostar.
BACKGROUND: Renal hemorrhage is the most common adverse effect of SWL, and it has been speculated to be related to the type of lithotripter used. METHODS: We investigated the incidence of renal hemorrhage in patients with urinary stones who underwent lithotripsy using either the EDAP LT-01 or the Siemens Lithostar. In addition, we performed in vitro experiments using pressure-sensitive paper in conjunction with gelatin, agar, or porcine tissue models of renal lithotripsy. RESULTS: Thirty-one (16.6%) of 187 kidneys treated with the EDAP LT-01 and 44 (19.6%) of 225 kidneys treated with the Siemens Lithostar showed intrarenal or subcapsular hemorrhage or perinephric hematoma. In particular, the incidence of subcapsular hematoma was significantly higher in the Lithostar-treated patients (P < 0.0001). We discuss our results in light of the patterns of pressure distribution obtained from the two lithotripter units using in vitro models with colorometric, pressure-sensitive paper. CONCLUSION: It appears that the Siemens Lithostar exerts a greater pressure on the renal capsule, which may account for the higher incidence of subcapsular hematoma.
Female↗
Remission of Ménétrier's disease after a prolonged period with therapeutic eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
We report here a case of Ménétrier's disease (MD) that required a prolonged period for remission after eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori (HP). The appropriate time needed to judge the efficacy of the eradication therapy for HP infection in an MD case is discussed.
Adult↗
[Histopathological observations on bullous keratopathy after argon-laser iridotomy].
PURPOSE: To elucidate histopathological mechanism of bullous keratopathy after argon-laser iridotomy (ALI). CASE AND METHOD: The patient was a 60-year-old female who underwent penetrating keratoplasty because of bullous keratopathy after 2 years and 2 months of ALI. The corneal specimen was fixed with a mixture of 2.5% formalin and 1.0% glutaraldehyde, and examined under light and electron microscopes. FINDING AND CONCLUSION: Laser-damaged endothelium produced a large amount of basement membrane-like material beneath Descemet's membrane. At the next stage, the severely damaged endothelium lost its organellae and cell membranes, and fell off. The surrounding healthy endothelium migrated into the damaged area and produced a small amount of material like basement membrane which covered Descemet's membrane. After that, stromal swelling, decrease of keratocytes, breaking and disappearance of Bowman's membrane, epithelial edema, connective tissue accumulation beneath basal cells, and epithelial detachment occurred in the laser-damaged area.
Corneal Diseases↗
[Doping test for racehorses in Japan].
The doping test method used in a horse race requires the accurate detection of a wide variety of drugs and metabolites as well as the rapidity in order to examine a large number of samples within a limited time. For this purpose, the routine method consists of a preliminary screening and a confirmatory test. In this paper, a historical review for the development of the doping test method in Japan is described. The metabolism and pharmacology of drugs in horses are also discussed.
Animals↗
Investigation of the phase shift in x-ray forward diffraction using an x-ray interferometer.
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Journal Article↗
Phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography for observing biological soft tissues.
Biological soft tissues are almost transparent to hard X rays and therefore cannot be investigated without enhancement with a contrast medium, such as iodine. On the other hand, phase-contrast X-ray imaging is sensitive to light elements (1-8). This is because the X-ray phase shift cross section is almost thousand times larger than the X-ray absorption cross section for light elements such as hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen (4,5). Hence, phase-contrast X-ray imaging is a promising technique for observing the structure inside biological soft tissues without the need for staining and without serious radiation exposure. We have devised a means of observing biological tissues in three dimensions using a novel X-ray computed tomography (CT) by modifying the phase-contrast technique. To generate appropriate CT input data, we used phase-mapping images obtained using an X-ray interferometer (6) and computer analysis of interference patterns (9). Now, we present a three-dimensional observation result of a nonstained sample of a cancerous rabbit liver, using a synchrotron X-ray source. Phase-contrast X-ray CT was able to clearly differentiate the cancer lesion from the normal tissue. Moreover, fine structures corresponding to cancerous degeneration and fibrous tissues were clearly depicted.
Animals↗
Theoretical relationship between the post-administration time and plasma or urinary concentration of a metabolite and the unchanged drug. Administration of caffeine to horses.
In a doping test for racing horses, it is useful for the elucidation of the illegal use of drugs if one can estimate the time at which the detected drug was administered. In order to estimate the time which has elapsed after the administration of caffeine (CA) into horses, the ratios of concentration for the respective metabolites to the unchanged CA in the plasma or the urine were determined. These ratios have been known to be independent of the dose of CA. The relationship between [plasma or urinary concentration of a metabolite]/ [plasma or urinary concentration of the unchanged drug] and the post-administration time of CA was expressed in a theoretical equation using pharmacokinetic parameters. When CA was administered at 2.5 mg/kg intravenously, intramuscularly or orally, all of the experimentally observed values of plasma or urinary metabolites: theophylline, theobromine and paraxantine, agreed well with the theoretical formulas, indicating that there exists a theoretical relationship between the post-administration time and the concentration ratio of the respective metabolites to unchanged CA.
Animals↗
Contrast effect of blood on phase-contrast X-ray imaging.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: As a preliminary study for application of phase-contrast X-ray imaging to medicine, we measured the X-ray refractive index of human blood and its influence on image contrast. METHODS: Using an X-ray interferometer, the X-ray phase shifts caused by human blood and its ingredients were measured from the interval of interference fringes. RESULTS: The X-ray phase shift caused by blood was 3% larger than that caused by serum. CONCLUSION: The large phase shift caused by blood is due to red blood cells, which contain hemoglobin molecules with iron atoms. It is possible that blood produces a structure in a phase-contrast X-ray image.
Blood↗
Phase-contrast imaging with synchrotron X-rays for detecting cancer lesions.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We obtained image contrast in pathologic specimens without the use of contrast material by using phase-contrast imaging with synchrotron X-rays. METHODS: An experiment was performed at the three-pole superconducting vertical wiggler beam line BL-14B at the Photon Factory in Tsukuba, Japan. The X-ray phase-contrast imaging system consisted of a double crystal monochromator, an asymmetrically cut crystal monochromator, a triple Laue-case X-ray interferometer, and film. The pathologic specimen was a sample from human liver that had metastatic carcinoma. RESULTS: The X-ray phase-contrast images of the pathologic specimen clearly depicted the cancerous lesion without the use of contrast enhancement, and the image showed good correlation with the photograph of the specimen. The X-ray absorption image did not differentiate between the normal liver tissue and the tumor. CONCLUSION: The results of this preliminary experiment reveal that for materials such as biologic specimens with a low atomic number, X-ray phase-contrast imaging better differentiates tissues than does the absorption contrast imaging commonly used in radiology.
Humans↗
Phase-contrast radiographs of nonstained rat cerebellar specimen.
Phase-contrast radiography using an x-ray interferometer is presented for observing organic matter. High sensitivity of phase-contrast radiography is demonstrated with a rat cerebellar specimen without staining it with a contrast medium. The layer structure of the cerebellum can be observed in the obtained image while there is no clear structure in the corresponding absorption-contrast image. Quantitative image analysis is made possible by converting an x-ray interference pattern to an x-ray phase shift distribution. The lipid distribution in the cerebellum is discussed by evaluating x-ray phase shifts before and after lipid removal.
Animals↗
Effects of exercise on plasma concentrations of caffeine and its metabolites in horses.
The effects of exercise on the metabolism of caffeine (CA) were studied 3h after administration of the drug to race horses which then underwent exercise sets (1000-m gallop). Analysis was made of pharmacokinetics of CA, changes in its plasma concentrations, its metabolites, i.e., theophylline (TP), theobromine (TB) and paraxanthine (PX), and the molar concentration ratios of CA to these metabolites. After exercise, AUC and t1/2 tended to decrease, and the concentration of CA decreased, while the concentrations of TP and TB significantly increased. The TP/CA ratio and TB/CA ratio significantly increased from 6 to 74h and from 25 to 50h after drug administration, respectively. This indicated promotion of metabolism of CA into TP and TB. The effects on PX were minimal.
Animals↗
Eleven-year experience with radial keratotomy.
1,900 consecutive eyes that underwent radial keratotomy by the senior author were evaluated retrospectively. 3 months after surgery, minimum reduction in mean spherical equivalent of 0.67D was achieved with 1 incision and maximum 7.25D with 24 incisions. Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was obtained in 99.4% of eyes with low myopia, 64.2% with moderate myopia and 32.4% with high myopia. For anisometropia, bilateral RK reduced refractive error from -12. 12D to -5. 22D in more myopic eyes and -8. 18D to -3. 4D in less myopic eyes and unilateral surgeries reduced refractive error from -9. 45D to -3. 85D. Anisometropia after surgery became clinically and physically acceptable and aniseikonia was significantly improved. No vision threatening complications occurred. Our results indicate that radial keratotomy is a relatively safe and effective surgical procedure for myopia.
Adolescent↗