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Biomedical subjects

A Miyoshi

Publications and source records attributed to A Miyoshi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Cysteamine-induced inhibition of mucosal and pancreatic alkaline secretion in rat duodenum.

To determine the effect of cysteamine on the alkaline secretion by the duodenal epithelium, pancreas, and Brunner's glands in relation to the pathogenesis of duodenal ulceration, the alkaline secretion by various types of duodenal loops was comparatively studied. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Cysteamine significantly reduced both mucosal and pancreatobiliary alkaline secretion in the proximal duodenum of rats. (2) The ratio of contribution of pancreatobiliary alkaline secretion to total neutralization of acid in the proximal duodenum was 55.9% under continuous perfusion. (3) There was no significant difference between the amounts of alkali per unit volume of the proximal and distal duodenal loops. (4) The alkaline substance secreted by the proximal duodenal mucosa was confirmed to be the bicarbonate. From these findings, it has been concluded that the impairment of bicarbonate secretion by the mucosal epithelium of proximal duodenum, not by Brunner's glands, plays a causative role in cysteamine-induced duodenal ulceration.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in normal mucosa, muscle layer, adenocarcinoma, and polyp of the colon.

beta-Endorphin-like immunoreactivity was detected in the mucosa and muscle layer of normal colon, adenocarcinomas derived from the colon mucosa, and colon polyps which were histologically confirmed to be adenoma without a focus of carcinoma or with in situ carcinoma. The contents of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in adenocarcinomatous tissue (11.94 +/- 1.77 pmol/g wet wt) and colon polyps without focus of carcinoma (10.71 +/- 1.50 pmol/g wet wt) were found to be significantly higher than those in the mucosal layer (6.86 +/- 0.64 pmol/g wet wt) and muscle layer (8.30 +/- 0.68 pmol/g wet wt) of normal colon. These data suggest that the production of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity is specifically increased in some adenocarcinomas and adenomatous polyps and may be related to the alteration of bowel habits. Gel exclusion chromatography of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity revealed three peaks corresponding to beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin, and an immunoreactive form between the two. In the mucosal layer and muscle layer of the colon, a broad major peak was eluted at the position of beta-endorphin, and minor peaks were eluted at the position of beta-lipotropin and between beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin. In adenocarcinoma and polyp, the peak size corresponding to authentic beta-lipotropin was greater than that of beta-endorphin. This study demonstrated that beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity existed at a high concentration in some colon adenocarcinomas and polyps whose elution patterns were different from those of normal colon tissue.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Effect of cisapride on the concentrations of beta-endorphinlike immunoreactivity and substance P-like immunoreactivity in the rat gastrointestinal tract.

Cisapride is a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent reported to be devoid of direct cholinergic effect from the myenteric plexus of the gut. The effect of cisapride (0.125, 0.5, 2mg/kg, i.p.) on the concentration beta-endorphin and substance P in rat gastrointestinal tract was studied. beta-Endorphinlike immunoreactivity contents were significantly increased in both mucosal and muscular layers of the entire gastrointestinal tract (from gastric body to rectum) of the rats treated with 2 mg/kg of cisapride. beta-Endorphinlike immunoreactivity contents were also increased in a part of the gastrointestinal tract of the rats treated with 0.125 or 0.5 mg/kg of cisapride. Substance P like immunoreactivity contents were significantly decreased in muscular layers of the rectosigmoid colon of the rats treated with 2 mg/kg of cisapride. This study suggests that the prokinetic effects of cisapride may relate to the contents of beta-endorphinlike immunoreactivity and substance P like immunoreactivity in gastrointestinal tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Peptide YY-like immunoreactivity in normal colon mucosa, muscle layer and adenocarcinoma.

Peptide YY (PYY)-like immunoreactivity was detected in the mucosa and muscle layer of normal human colon and rectum and in well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma derived from the mucosa of the colon and rectum, using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for PYY. The content of PYY-like immunoreactivity in the mucosa was markedly higher than those in the muscle layer and adenocarcinomatous tissue of any part of the colon and rectum. A high concentrations of PYY-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated throughout the colon mucosa (ascending colon 94.14 +/- 15.34 pmol/g, transverse colon 137.19 +/- 13.44 pmol/g, descending colon 168.89 +/- 15.63 pmol/g, and sigmoid colon 223.69 +/- 35.31 pmol/g), the highest being observed in the rectum (313.15 +/- 45.90 pmol/g). The major molecular form of PYY-like immunoreactivity both in the mucosa and muscle layer of normal human colon and rectum and in adenocarcinomatous tissue was judged by gel exclusion chromatography to be identical to pure porcine PYY. This study revealed the presence of PYY-like immunoreactivity not only in normal tissue of the colon and rectum but also in adenocarcinomas with the same elution pattern, and the mucosal concentrations of PYY-like immunoreactivity were found to be increasing distally throughout the colon and rectum.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Famotidine in the treatment of gastritis.

H2-receptor antagonists are widely used in the treatment of diseases such as gastric and duodenal ulcers, hemorrhage of the upper digestive tract, and the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. However, the usefulness of H2-receptor antagonists in treating erosions and/or mucosal hemorrhages has not been established. A multicenter, double-blind, comparative trial was conducted to determine the effects of famotidine, a new H2-receptor antagonist, for such lesions. Patients received one of three oral doses (5, 10, or 20 mg) of famotidine twice daily for 2 weeks. The comparative efficacy and safety of the three dosages of famotidine in the treatment of lesions were evaluated, using an assessment of subjective symptoms, endoscopic findings, and adverse reactions. Symptoms, including epigastric pain, heartburn, and discomfort, were relieved in a substantial number of patients as early as 3 days after beginning treatment with famotidine. Moreover, less than 30% of patients complained of these symptoms after 2 weeks of famotidine therapy. There were no significant differences among the three dosages in relief of symptoms. Endoscopic assessment for the presence of erosion and hemorrhage after 1 and 2 weeks of famotidine treatment showed that the 10- and 20-mg doses were more effective in healing erosions and hemorrhages than was the 5-mg dose. After 2 weeks of treatment, 88.5% and 91.7% of the patients in the 10- and 20-mg dosage groups, respectively, did not have evidence of erosions or hemorrhages, compared with 73% of patients in the 5-mg group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Therapeutic effects of sofalcone on experimental gastritis.

A study was made on the therapeutic effects of sofalcone (SU-88), an antiulcer agent, on erosive and atrophic gastritis induced experimentally by 6-month administration of 5 mmol/l of sodium taurocholate (TCA) in rats. A standard meal including sofalcone of 0.25% and 1.0% shortened the total length of erosions, normalized the mucosal thickness, and reduced collagenous fibers in the gastric mucosa in one month. The doses administered were 116.3 mg and 486.1 mg/kg/week for one month. Sofalcone, thus, had a good therapeutic effect on experimental erosive and atrophic gastritis in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of centrally acting drugs on the frontal midline theta activity in man.

The frontal midline theta activity which appears during a performance of mental tasks has been designated as Fm theta. Sixteen male university students who showed the appearance of Fm theta in 3 consecutive days were given 4 centrally acting drugs, i.e., diazepam 5 mg, amobarbital 80 mg, methylphenidate 15 mg and placebo, in a double-blind, crossover design. Scores were made on the state anxiety scale of Spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and EEGs were recorded monopolarly before and during the performance of an arithmetic addition. The test was done twice, before and one hour after the drug administration. Placebo increased the appearance time of Fm theta, decreased the STAI scores and increased the tasks. Diazepam increased the appearance of Fm theta and decreased the state of anxiety but did not influence the amount of tasks. Amobarbital changed neither the appearance of Fm theta nor STAI scores but decreased the tasks slightly. Methylphenidate failed to influence the appearance of Fm theta but increased both the STAI scores and performed tasks. These results suggest that the appearance of Fm theta is influenced by the drugs and that the relief from anxiety might be involved in the appearance of Fm theta.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The distribution of polypeptide YY-like immunoreactivity in rat tissues.

The distribution of peptide YY (PYY)-like immunoreactivity (IR) in rat tissues was determined by specific RIA after extraction with boiled 1 N acetic acid. The high concentration of PYY-IR was observed in the gastrointestinal tract, with concentrations gradually increasing from the duodenum to the end of colon. The concentration of PYY-IR in the colon was 298.7-449.5 pmol/g tissue (approximately 100-200 times more than that in the duodenum). Pituitary and pancreas contained measurable amounts of PYY-IR (6.8 and 6.3 pmol/g tissue). The concentration of PYY-IR in the mucosa was higher than that in the muscular layer in the small intestine, cecum, colon, and rectum. The ratio of the mucosal PYY-IR to the muscular PYY-IR was highest in the distal small intestine (4.7-6.8). Sephadex G-50 gel chromatography of the colon extracts revealed the one PYY-IR peak which corresponds to [125I]PYY. The gradual increase of PYY-IR from the duodenum to the end of the colon is different from the distribution of other known gut peptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Preoperative systemic chemotherapy (FAC) in 3 cases of advanced breast cancer].

Three cases of advanced breast cancer treated with preoperative systemic chemotherapy (FAC) were reported. Radical mastectomy was performed in all three cases after partial response to the systemic chemotherapy. Systemic chemotherapy itself is easy to manage and its resulting response rates and side effects are comparable to those of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Beta-endorphinlike immunoreactivity and somatostatinlike immunoreactivity in normal gastric mucosa, muscle layer, and adenocarcinoma.

beta-Endorphinlike immunoreactivity and somatostatinlike immunoreactivity were detected in the mucosa and muscle layer of normal gastric antrum and corpus and in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma derived from the antral mucosa. The concentration of beta-endorphinlike immunoreactivity in the normal gastric tissues was 4-15 pmol/g wet wt tissue; this value varied from 9.64 to 241.39 pmol/g wet wt tissue (81.38 +/- 37.82 pmol/g wet wt tissue) in adenocarcinomas. The concentration of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity was 18-25 pmol/g wet wt tissue in normal gastric mucosa, whereas it was 1-2 pmol/g wet wt tissue in adenocarcinomas. Gel exclusion chromatography of beta-endorphinlike immunoreactivity revealed two peaks corresponding to beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin. In normal mucosa and in the whole layer of antrum, the major peak was eluted near the position of beta-lipotropin, and the minor broad peak was eluted near the position of beta-endorphin. In contrast, in adenocarcinoma, beta-endorphinlike immunoreactivity was eluted broadly at the position of beta-endorphin and the other smaller peak was at the position of beta-lipotropin. Gel exculsion chromatography of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity also showed different patterns between antral mucosa and adenocarcinoma. This study revealed the presence of the opioid peptide, beta-endorphinlike immunoreactivity, not only in normal gastric tissue but also in adenocarcinomas with highly increased concentration and different elution patterns in combination with decreased concentration of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity.

Adenocarcinoma↗