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Biomedical subjects

A Miyata

Publications and source records attributed to A Miyata.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Experimental anemia induced by excess iron excretion.

The effect of desferrioxamine on several hematological parameters was studied in growing rats. Animals given desferrioxamine intramuscularly (150 mg/kg daily) had increased urinary iron after one week, and decreased hemoglobin after 2 weeks. The difference in hemoglobin concentration between the treated and control groups was significant after 4 weeks of treatment with desferrioxamine, but the difference in the numbers of erythrocytes was not significant. The anemia was of hypochromic type. Desferrioxamine at this dosage did not retard growth. These findings support our previously reported concept of "iron-losing anemia".

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1980

Urinary iron excretion test in iron deficiency anemia.

A urinary iron excretion test was carried out in 22 patients with iron deficiency anemia. The iron excretion index was significantly higher in patients with intractable iron deficiency anemia compared with normal subjects and anemic patients who were responsive to iron therapy. The findings suggest that iron excretion may be a factor that modulates the response of patients to iron therapy.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1978

Two kinds of mutants defective in multiple carbohydrate utilization isolated from in vitro fosfomycin-resistant strains of Escherichia coli K--12.

Two types of in vitro fosfomycin-resistant mutants defective in multiple carbohydrate utilization were selected from Escherichia coli strain K--12. One mutant, FR182, was defective in phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system and the ability to form adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) was lowered. Another mutant, FR190, was defective in cAMP formation. Restoration by cAMP of fosfomycin (FOM) sensitivity coupled with recovery of utilization of many carbohydrates including sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) was observed in both of the resistant mutants. FOM was not taken up by these resistant strains but, in the cells cultured in the presence of cAMP, accumulation of FOM was equivalent to that of the sensitive parent strain. Decreased uptake of G-3-P was also restored in both of the resistant strains cultured in the presence of cAMP. These results indicate that the resistance to FOM in these mutants is due to impairment of G-3-P transport system, one of the pathways for uptake of FOM. They were sensitized to FOM by D-glucose-6-phosphate because of the induction of hexose phosphate transport system, another uptake pathway.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemical characterization of angiotensin I in porcine follicular fluid.

In the search for novel neuropeptides in porcine follicular fluid (pff) using smooth muscle contractile activity as a response parameter, a substance with a marked activity was isolated in a pure form. By amino acid analysis and sequential study, this substance has been chemically revealed to be angiotensin I. A much smaller amount of additional activity was isolated and found to be angiotensin II, as determined by radioimmunoassay. Radioimmunoassays for angiotensin I and II confirmed that the amount of angiotensin I determined was much greater than that of angiotensin II. A comparative study of the extractions, however, indicated a large amount of angiotensin I had been generated from angiotensinogen by endogenous renin in the follicular fluid which could be activated during extraction and ultrafiltration at a low pH. These findings are consistent with the previous reports that described a high concentration of prorenin in the follicular fluid, acid activation of prorenin to renin and the subsequent generation of angiotensin I from endogenous angiotensinogen.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The novel VIP-like hypothalamic polypeptide PACAP interacts with high affinity receptors in the human neuroblastoma cell line NB-OK.

We investigated the ability of two forms of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide [PACAP-38, the 38 amino acid peptide isolated from ovine hypothalamus, and PACAP-27, a shorter N-terminal (1-27) amidated version] to interact with specific receptors in membranes from the human neuroblastoma cell line NB-OK. [125I]PACAP-27 bound rapidly and specifically to one class of high affinity sites (Kd 0.5 nM). VIP inhibited [125I]PACAP-27 binding 300- to 1000-fold less potently than PACAP-27 and PACAP-38. One microM PHI prevented tracer binding only partially and secretin, glucagon and GRF(1-29)NH2 were ineffective in this respect. PACAP-27 and PACAP-38 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity dose dependently and with similar efficacy (Kact 0.2-0.3 nM), this activation being compatible with the occupancy of specific high affinity PACAP receptor. VIP was markedly less potent and less efficient on this enzyme than PACAP. Chemical cross-linking of [125I]PACAP-27 followed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography revealed specific cross-linking with a 68 kDa protein.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of clinical features among Japanese eating-disordered women with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Clinical features, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms, were investigated in Japanese women with DSM-III-R eating disorders (EDs) and concurrent OCD in comparison to age-matched women with OCD. Sixteen women with restricting anorexia nervosa (AN), 16 with bulimia nervosa (BN), and 16 with both AN and BN (BAN) showed commonality in a more elevated prevalence of OCD symptoms of symmetry and order compared with 18 OCD women. Among the personality disorders (PDs), likewise, obsessive-compulsive PD (OCPD) was more prevalent in each ED group compared with the OCD group. However, aggressive obsessions were more common in both BN and BAN subjects compared with AN subjects. Subjects with bulimic symptoms were also distinguished from AN subjects by impulsive features in behavior and personality. Thus, an elevated prevalence of aggressive obsessions along with an admixture of impulsive and compulsive features specifically characterized the clinical features of bulimic subjects with OCD.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and experimental observation of glistening in acrylic intraocular lenses.

PURPOSE: To determine whether or not glistening particles in implanted acrylic intraocular lenses (IOL) increase with the passage of time. METHODS: Prospective clinical study: Glistenings were evaluated in 31 patients (49 eyes) with implanted acrylic IOL, the emphasis being on when glistening first became evident and subsequent changes in the number of glistening particles. EXPERIMENT: IOLs were monitored for any changes that occurred with the passage of time as they were immersed first in a 50 degrees C saline solution and then in another saline solution with a temperature of 35 degrees C. RESULTS: Prospective clinical study: Glistening phenomenon was observed in 28 IOLs (57%) 2 to 16 months after implantation (mean = 6.6 months). Glistenings reached their peak in number within a few months of formation in all cases, showing no further increase thereafter. EXPERIMENT: Glistening particles first appeared on the 10th day of the experiment in sizes ranging from 3 to 10 microm in diameter. They remained at the same level for the next 60 days without showing any increase. CONCLUSIONS: Glistening formation in acrylic IOLs was found to stabilize within a few months after appearance. The method of our experiment proved reliable in producing, in a relatively short period of time, glistening similar to that found in patients.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Novel C-terminally amidated opioid peptide in human phaeochromocytoma tumour.

As has often been observed in hypothalamic releasing factors and gastrointestinal hormones, the carboxy-terminal amide structure is a unique feature of peptides exhibiting hormonal or physiological activities. Although a variety of opioid peptides have hitherto been identified, such a C-terminal amidated species has never before been discovered in mammals. Here we present the first identification of a novel opioid octapeptide with a C-terminal amide structure, henceforth designated as 'adrenorphin', in human phaeochromocytoma tumour derived from adrenal medulla. The complete amino acid sequence of adrenorphin was determined by microsequencing and corresponds to the sequence of the first eight amino acids of peptide E which is derived from proenkephalin A. Adrenorphin has also been identified chromatographically in normal human and bovine adrenal medulla. Adrenorphin exhibits potent opioid activity in guinea pig ileum assay, suggesting a specialized physiological function.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender differences in social and interpersonal features and personality disorders among Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This study sought to elucidate the differential effect of gender on clinical features in 40 males and 54 females who met both DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Males had a lower rate of marriage, and a higher rate of major impairment in social or occupational functioning, whereas females were significantly more likely to involve others in their OCD symptoms, such as reassurance-seeking. Although no significant differences were detected in the distribution of OCD symptoms, cluster A personality disorders (PDs), especially schizotypal PD, were more frequently diagnosed in males, and borderline and dependent PDs tended to be more prevalent in females. Thus, gender differences in OCD subjects were prominently observed in social or interpersonal features, which might be consistent with the differential PD pathology between males and females.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obsessive-compulsive disorder with poor insight.

Although a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be made with the specification "poor insight" (PI), this subtype remains understudied. To investigate the subtype, 78 OCD patients were characterized by degree of insight, reevaluated after treatment, and compared with 20 schizophrenics with OCD (OCD+S). At the pretreatment assessments in OCD patients, 28 subjects with poor or delusional insight (PI; 36%) were distinguished from 50 subjects with fair or good insight (GI; 64%) using the insight question of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Compared to the OCD+S group, OCD patients were less likely to have PI, whereas OCD PI patients showed a similar degree of functional impairment as that observed in the OCD+S. After a 6-month combination of clomipramine with cognitive-behavioral treatment, 14 of 25 OCD PI patients no longer fell in the PI category, which was associated with reduced OCD severity and depressive status. Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) was more common in patients whose insight remained poor even after the treatment. OCD patients demonstrate a range of insight with PI accompanied by significant dysfunction. Comorbid SPD in PI patients may be associated with worse prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary structure and characterization of the precursor to human pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide.

Human cDNAs encoding the precursor to pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) were cloned from human testis and cerebral cortex cDNA libraries. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that cDNA from the testis library encoded the entire precursor for PACAP, while cDNA from the brain library represented only the carboxy-terminal half of the precursor. The predicted human PACAP precursor consisted of 176 amino acid residues and was very similar to the ovine one (82%). Both human and ovine precursors contained both PACAP and another peptide, PACAP-related peptide (PRP), having 29 amino acids. PACAP and PRP were preceded and followed by paired basic amino acids, recognized as important for post-translational processing. The PACAP precursor resembles the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) precursor, which contains VIP and peptide histidine methionine/isoleucine amide (PHM/PHI). Structurally, PRP had some similarity to PHM/PHI, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRH) and PACAP. Northern blot analysis indicated that a 3.0-kb transcript was expressed in the ovine hypothalamus. Tissue distribution of PACAP mRNA was also clarified in the rat. Southern blot analysis of human genomic DNA gives single bands with six restriction enzymes, indicating that a single copy of the PACAP gene is contained in a haploid genome. The cDNA for human PACAP precursor was expressed using COS-7 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Immunoreactive PACAP was secreted into the culture media of both transfected cell lines.

Amino Acid Sequence↗